This article deals with the issue of so-called formality and informality in language communication in Czech; the aim is to clarify this frequent but not unambiguous concept. We comment some basic aspects of this concept, e. g. the connection with the pragmatic aspects of communication as well as with language and extra-lingual standards and other stylistic dichotomies. Part of the text follows up the current trend of deflection from formality (as well as from standard Czech) in situations previously or so far fundamentally formal; in more detail we describe this trend in media communication.
CS
Text se zabývá problematikou tzv. formálnosti a neformálnosti v jazykové komunikaci v češtině; cílem je objasnit tento v lingvistice frekventovaný, avšak nikoli jednoznačný koncept. Jsou představeny jeho základní aspekty, např. souvislost s pragmatickou stránkou komunikace, jazykovými a mimojazykovými normami, resp. některými stylovými dichotomiemi. Část textu je věnována i trendu odklánění se od formálnosti (a také od spisovnosti) v situacích dříve či doposud zásadně formálních; poněkud podrobněji popisujeme tento trend v oblasti komunikace mediální.
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Using the preposition bez ‘without’, these clauses explicitly express action whose non-realisation is significant for the mode of (un)realisation of the action of the main clause, cf. Dívku pozdravil bez toho, aby se jí dotkl. (He greeted the girl without touching her.) The author deals with the attitudes of Czech linguists toward these new competitors of the preposition aniž, the frequency of the sentences with the connectives bez toho, aby/že in contemporary Czech. The article also characterises the position of these subordinate clauses in the system of the Czech language from the point of view of their relationship to standard Czech.
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This article is concerned with texts by František Čermák devoted to issues of Czech language cultivation. Four major topics are analyzed: standard vs. common Czech, written vs. spoken Czech, prescriptivism and the native language of Czechs. Various problems in the analyzed texts result from an unclear methodological background. Many concepts are used without argumentation: Čermák fails to substantiate their suitability for his language description. We can find uncorroborated generalizations which can be interpreted as Čermák’s communicative strategy. Many statements are rather impressionistic and are not based on relevant language observations. With regard to these findings, the author of this paper argues that a deep-reaching dialogue should be held, which may help to clarify the indeterminate situation in Czech linguistics concerning issues of language cultivation.
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