One of the most beautiful churches in Kraków is the St. Anne’s collegiate, situated in the city centre. This localisation has a significant impact on destruction of the structure and decorative stones of the church. The sandstones and limestones of the structure outer part are exposed mostly to seasonal climate changes and anthropogenic pollution. The stone alterations are expressed mainly as surface build-ups with grey colours. Disintegration of the surface stone layers as a result of mechanical weathering, biodeterioration, efflorescence processes, exfoliation and scaling off sandstones due to hydration and dehydration of secondary salt minerals are other signs of stone damage. Green coloration of sandstone entrance stairs due to precipitation of copper carbonate (malachite) negatively affects the aesthetics of the church front. The interior stone decoration is represented essentially by limestones used mainly as the floor tiles. These are varieties of compact limestones, whose attractiveness results from their diverse colours, the presence of fossil fragments and calcite veins, and good cutting and polishing properties. The preservation of the limestone masonry depends on the rock type and the place it is used in. Considering the historic and architectonic values of this church, the most splendid example of the Baroque sacral architecture in Kraków, a special care in the selection of appropriate conservation methods must be taken to preserve to posterity the appearance and beauty of the collegiate.
Drewniane cerkwie Podkarpacia to najwspanialsze przykłady tradycyjnego budownictwa charakterystycznego dla terenów południowo-wschodniej Polski. Wśród nich szczególne miejsce zajmuje świątynia greckokatolicka pw. Pokrow Bogurodzicy z Miękisza Starego (XVII - XIX w.). Jest jedynym zachowanym na tym obszarze zabytkiem drewnianej architektury cerkiewnej o bryle wzorowanej na murowanym, barokowym budownictwie sakralnym oraz wnętrzu zdobionym iluzjonistycznym malarstwem monumentalnym o podobnej estetyce. W niniejszym opracowaniu przeanalizowano stan zachowania polichromii, przyczyny jej zniszczeń oraz ścisłe powiązanie degradacji warstwy malarskiej z korozją drewnianego podłóża. Jednocześnie nakreślono wytyczne dla konserwacji i restauracji polichromii, zakładające kompleksowe podejście do zagadnienia ratowania zabytku.
EN
The wooden orthodox churches of Podkarpacie voivodeship are the finest examples of the traditional construction from the south-eastern part of Poland. Among them the Greek-Catholic shrine of Our Lady Pokrova in Miękisz Stary (17th-19th century) takes a special place. It is the only surviving monument of the wooden architecture of this type in this territory that is modeled on a masonry, religious baroque building and has the interior decorated with the illusionist monumental paintings of a similar aesthetic. In this elaboration the conservation status of the mural paintings was examined together with the causes of its destruction and the close link between the degradation of the paint layer and the corrosion of the wooden foundation. At the same time the guidelines for the preservation and restoration of murals have been outlined, pointing on a comprehensive approach to the problem of saving the monument.