Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Characterization of solidification and solid state transformation in duplex cast steel: thermo-calc investigation

100%

Stradomski Z. , Dyja D.

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tom Vol. 7, iss. 3

269-272

EN

The paper presents a characteristic of solidification process and changes occurring in the solid state in a duplex cast steel. Theoretical chemical composition of individual phases, its changes during solidification and cooling after solidification and also changes in volume fractions of phases versus temperature have been determined. Theoretical results of Thermo-Calc analysis have been correlated with the microstructure of as-cast cast steel as well as with analysis of chemical composition of individual phases, carried out on a scanning microscope equipped with an EDS attachment. It has been shown that at the carbon content of 0.1% the enrichment of residual liquid phase with carbon results in a peritectic reaction, changing the ferritic solidification model typical for cast steels with low carbon content. In the case of solidification grain boundary areas enrichment with carbon, chromium and molybdenum there is a possibility of carbides precipitation already in the liquid state, what increases propensity for hot cracking and reduces the quality of castings produced. A correlation between theoretical composition of ferrite, austenite and M23C6 carbides, determined based on Thermo-Calc software, and their actual composition determined based on local analyses of chemical composition carried out on a scanning microscope has been shown. The volume fractions of ferrite, austenite and carbides determined using Thermo-Calc software show a strong correlation with actual fractions of those phases in the examined alloy's structure. The chemical composition of ferrite, austenite and carbides determined using Thermo-Calc software does not show any more such strong correlation with the actual chemical composition of those phases determined based on local analyses of chemical composition carried out using a scanning microscope.

2

Ferritic-austenitic cast steel - selected problems

84%

Stradomski Z.

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2011

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tom Vol. 11, iss. 3

47-50

EN

The author has been involved in the problems occurring in the manufacture of ferritic-austenitic cast steel castings for many years. The author's remarks and investigation results reported in this article will enable potential manufacturers to determine their own technical capabilities and structural determinants related to the chemical composition of material, which are crucial to the good quality of a casting. Particular emphasis should be laid on the role of enhanced carbon content, the presence of copper, the precipitates of the [...] phase, and the nature of solidification structure in the tendency of duplex-type cast steel to cracking. It seems that in view of the pro-ecological activities undertaken, including flue gas desulphurization in coal-fired power plants, efforts should be made in steel foundries to introduce selected grades of ferritic-austenitic cast steel to production.

3

Model krzepnięcia wysokostopowych staliw Fe-Cr-Ni

84%

Dyja D. , Stradomski Z.

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tom R. 6, nr 19

81-88

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ogólne modele krzepnięcia wysokostopowych, odpornych na korozję staliw Fe-Cr-Ni ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem mechanizmu krzepnięcia ferrytyczno-austenitycznych staliw typu duplex. Na podstawie badań własnych wykazano, że zjawiska mikrosegeracji, szczególnie węgla, chromu i molibdenu do granic pierwotnego ziarna krzepnięcia, zmieniają mechanizm krzepnięcia z ferrytycznego na ferrytyczno-austenityczny, a obecność reakcji perytektycznej negatywnie wpływa na własności technologiczne, zwiększając skłonność do pękania na gorąco. Przeprowadzone w pracy badania makro i mikrostruktury oraz mikroanalizy składu chemicznego staliw w stanie surowym, o zróżnicowanej zawartości węgla, ujawniły możliwość wydzielania się węglików pierwotnych już z cieczy. Uprzywilejowane rozmieszczenie węglików w obszarach przygranicznych pierwotnego ziarna krzepnięcia w połączeniu z występującym w niższych temperaturach wydzielaniem się fazy \sigma zwiększa niebezpieczeństwo powstania pęknięć w wolno stygnących odlewach.

EN

The general solidification models of highly alloyed, corrosion resistant Fe-Cr-Ni cast steel, together with the particular consideration of ferritic-austenitic duplex cast steels were shown in the work. On the basis of personal investigations it was shown, that microsegregation especially of carbon, chromium and molybdenum to the primary solidification grain boundaries, changes the solidification mechanism from ferritic to ferritic-austenitic. The presence of peritectic transformation has a negative effect on technological properties, increasing the hot crack sensitivity . Macro and microstructure examinations and chemical composition microanalysis of the cast steel at as-cast condition with various carbon content , revealed the possibility of primary carbide precipitation from the liquid. Privileged distribution of carbides in the primary solidification grain boundaries, in connection with sigma phase precipitation occurred at the lower temperatures increases danger of cracking in low-cooling castings.

4

The influence of carbon and copper on the solidification process of the ferritic-austenitic cast steel

67%

Stradomska J.

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tom Vol. 9, iss. 3

177-180

EN

Technological problems which occur during the production of castings made of ferritic-austenitic (duplex) cast steel have caused that this most modern material among corrosion-resistant cast steels is seldom produced in Poland. The main reason of arising problems is the necessity of achieving a very low carbon content (Cmax = 0.03%, according to PN-EN 10283:2004) and the occurring of hot cracking. It is impossible for our domestic foundries to achieve such a low carbon content, because it demands for out-of-furnace treatment. It should be mentioned that the standards developed by international cast steel producers admit also cast steel grades with higher carbon content than the PN-EN 10283:2004 Standard. The so far produced in Poland massive castings have exhibited higher (0,05 - 0,12) carbon content, but also the significant hot cracking susceptibility. Is the increased carbon content along with about 3% copper addition, which lowers the temperature of the end of solidification process, the reason of hot cracking of produced castings? The paper presents the results of investigation performed by DDTA and ThermoCalc analyses, as well as by microstructural examination for duplex cast iron with varying carbon content.

5

Optimization of heat treatment in aspect of production's costs reducing and improving of casting quality from duplex cast steel

67%

Dyja D. , Stradomski Z.

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tom Vol. 7, iss. 3

39-42

EN

The paper determines possibilities of cost optimisation in the production of GX2CrNiMoCu25-6-3-3 type duplex cast steel castings through selection of appropriate solution heat treatment temperature, which value depends on the content of alloying elements. Metallographic analysis was carried out for as-cast and heat treated cast steel. Hardness and impact strength of the cast steel were determined, which were correlated with the volume fraction of phases determined by means of ImagePro computer image analyser. It has been shown that increased carbon content creates a need to use higher treatment temperatures, thereby increasing the production cost. With increasing carbon content the cast steel hardness after solution heat treatment increases, however, crack resistance decreases.