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EN
It is shown that the tail probabilities of a strictly (r, a)-semistable (0 < r < 1, 0 < α < 2, α ≠ 1) Banach space valued random vector X and its symmetrized counterpart are ”uniformly” comparable in the sense that the constants appearing in the inequalities depend only on r and α (and not on X or the Banach space). Using this and some other known facts, several corollaries related to the moment inequalities of the random vector X and its symmetrized counterpart are obtained. The corresponding results for strictly α-stable Banach space valued random vectors, α ≠ 1, are also derived and discussed.
EN
In this paper, we consider a symmetric α-stable p-sub-stable two-dimensional random vector. Our purpose is to show when the function $exp{-(|a|p + |b|p)^{α/p}}$ is a characteristic function of such a vector for some p and α. The solution of this problem we can find in [3], in the language of isometric embeddings of Banach spaces. Our proof is based on simple properties of stable distributions and some characterization given in [4].
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Content available remote The functional equation and strictly substable random vectors
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EN
A random vector X is β-substable, β ∈ (0, 2), if there exist a symmetric β-stable random vector Y and a random variable Θ ≥ 0 independent of Y such that X [symbol] YΘ1/β. In this paper we investigate strictly β-substable random vectors which are generated from a strictly β-stable random vector Y. We study some of their properties. We obtain the theorem that every strictly β-stable random vector X with Θ ∼ Sα/β (σ, 1, 0) is also strictly α-stable, α < β (for the case of random variable X see, e.g., [1], [6]). The opposite theorem is also satisfied, but we obtain something more. We obtain some functional equation and we show that if astrictly β-substable random vector X is α-stable, then it has to be strictly α-stable and the mixing random variable Θ has to have a distribution Sα/β (σ, 1, 0). This is the main result of the paper.
EN
The study was aimed at selecting species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes to be used in practical control of the housefly in stables, which should provide welfare of bred animals. Test insect, the housefly, and entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were used in experiments. Laboratory strains of nematodes and those commercially available in Poland and in Europe were used in performed tests. Larvae, pupae and imagines of M. domestica were cultivated in the Institute of Organic Industry in Warsaw. Four groups were created for each nematode species. Not all nematode species and strains were equally pathogenic to houseflies.
PL
Biologiczne metody zwalczania muchy domowej w stajniach. Doświadczenia miały na celu wybór gatunków i szczepów nicieni owadobójczych, które zostaną wykorzystane w praktycznym zwalczaniu muchy domowej w stajni, co powinno zapewnić dobrostan zwierzętom hodowlanym. Owad testowy - mucha i owadobójcze nicienie z rodziny Steinernematidae i Heterorhabditidae zostały wykorzystane w eksperymentach. Laboratoryjne szczepy nicieni i w Polsce i w Europie tych dostępnych na rynku zostały wykorzystane w przeprowadzonych testach. Larwy, poczwarki i owady dorosłe M. domestica były hodowane w Instytucie Przemysłu Organicznego w Warszawie. Cztery grupy zostały stworzone dla każdego gatunku nicieni. Nie wszystkie gatunki nicieni i szczepy były równie zjadliwe dla much.
5
Content available remote Positive stable realizations of fractional continuous-time linear systems
75%
EN
Conditions for the existence of positive stable realizations with system Metzler matrices for fractional continuous-time linear systems are established. A procedure based on the Gilbert method for computation of positive stable realizations of proper transfer matrices is proposed. It is shown that linear minimum-phase systems with real negative poles and zeros always have positive stable realizations.
EN
In this paper, the three species syn-ecosystem is comprised of a commensal (S1), two hosts S2 and S3, i.e. S2 and S3 both benefit S1 without getting themselves affected either positively or adversely. Further, S2 is a commensal of S3, S3 is a host of both S1, S2 and all the three species have unlimited resources. The basic equations for this model constitute as three first order non-linear coupled ordinary difference equations. All possible equilibrium states are identified based on the model equations at two stages and criteria for their stability are discussed. Further, the numerical solutions are computed for specific values of the various parameters and the initial conditions.
EN
The positive asymptotically stable continuous-time linear systems are approximated by corresponding asymptotically stable discrete-time linear systems. Two methods of the approximation are presented and the comparison of the methods is addressed. The considerations are illustrated by three numerical examples and an example of positive electrical circuit.
8
Content available remote Computation of positive stable realizations for linear continuous-time systems
75%
EN
Conditions for the existence of positive stable realizations with system Metzler matrices for proper transfer function are established. It is shown that there exists a proper stable realization of transfer function of second order if and only if the transfer function has real negative poles. Sufficient conditions for the existence of positive stable realizations of transfer function of third order are established. A method based on the decomposition of transfer functions into the first, second and third orders transfer functions for computation of positive stable realizations is proposed. A method for computation of positive stable realizations of transfer functions with real negative poles and zeros is given.
9
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EN
Objectives Air quality in the stables is characterized by elevated level of dust and aeroallergens which are supposed to directly cause or exacerbate several respiratory disorders. The most often recognized problem is recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), previously known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is some indication that aeroallergens (among them endotoxins) may also cause inflammation in human airways and may exceed safe levels in stables. Monitoring studies have covered mainly the determination of the concentration of respirable particles and of culturable fungi and their toxins. However, these particles do not only directly affect the respiratory system, but might act as a carrier conveying toxic contaminants and biological agents such as bacteria. In a typical, 20-horse Hungarian stable, microbial community of respirable fraction of resuspended dust has been characterized to reveal if these particles convey hazardous pathogenic bacteria, posing risk to either horses or staff. Material and Methods Resuspended dust was sampled using a mobile instrument. The instrument contains a PARTISOL-FRM model 2000 sampler that was operated at a flow rate of 16.7 l/min and a cyclone separator which collected the particulate matter with an aerodynamic size between 1 μm and 10 μm (PM 1–10) fraction. Microbial taxa were identified by culture-independent next generation sequencing (NGS) of variable 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene regions. Results In total, 1491 different taxa were identified, of them 384 were identified to species level, 961 to genus level. The sample was dominated by common ubiquitous soil and organic material-dwelling taxa. Conclusions Pathogens occurred at low abundance, and were represented by mostly facultative human pathogens, with the prevalence of Staphylococcus species.
EN
The performed investigations aimed at assessing the welfare of horses on the basis of the examination of chosen parameters of the stable microclimate. The investigations were carried out at the Wolica horse riding complex of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The objects of the investigations were two buildings with breeding environments. The investigations were carried out during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The investigated basic parameters of the microclimate were: air temperature, relative humidity, air cooling force and movement as well as the type and intensity of lighting. The results were compared with the binding norms. The obtained results show that the parameters agree with the recommendations of animal hygiene exceeding the norms only sporadically. The welfare was maintained.
PL
Dobrostan koni oceniony z wykorzystaniem badań wybranych parametrów mikroklimatu stajni. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena dobrostanu koni na podstawie badania wybranych parametrów mikroklimatu stajni. Badania i pomiary przeprowadzono na terenie kompleksu hippicznego Wolica SGGW. Obiektami badań były dwa budynki stajni wykazujące różnice pod względem pierwotnego przeznaczenia, położenia, wymiarów, oświetlenia, warunków mikroklimatycznych. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w okresie trzech sezonów roku: letnim, jesiennym i zimowym. Oceniono czynniki kształtujące mikroklimat stajni, tj. temperaturę powietrza, wilgotność względną, prędkość i siłę oziębiającą powietrza, rodzaj i intensywność oświetlenia, a otrzymane wyniki zestawiono z obowiązującymi normami. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, iż parametry są zgodne z zaleceniami zoohigieny i tylko sporadycznie przekraczają normy. Dobrostan był zachowany.
EN
A method for computation of positive asymptotically stable realizations of fractional descriptor continuous-time linear systems with regular pencil is proposed. The method is based on the decomposition of the improper transfer matrix into strictly proper matrix and a polynomial matrix. A procedure for decomposition of a positive asymptotically stable realization is given and illustrated by a numerical example.
EN
Kernel functions of stable, self-similar mixed moving averages are known to be related to nonsingular flows. We identify and examine here a new functional occuring in this relation and study its properties. To prove its existence, we develop a general result about semi-additive functionals related to cocycles. The functional we identify, is helpful when solving for the kernel function generated by a flow. Its presence also sheds light on the previous results on the subject.
13
Content available remote Positive stable realizations of fractional continuous-time linear systems
63%
EN
Conditions for the existence of positive stable realizations with system Metzler matrices for fractional continuous-time linear systems are established. A procedure based on the Gilbert method for computation of positive stable realizations of proper transfer matrices is proposed. It is shown that linear minimum-phase systems with real negative poles and zeros always have positive stable realizations.
14
63%
EN
The problem of existence and determination of the set of positive asymptotically stable realizations of a proper transfer function of linear discrete-time systems is formulated and solved. Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of the set of the realizations are established. A procedure for computation of the set of realizations are proposed and illustrated by numerical examples.
EN
Sufficient conditions for the existence of positive stable realizations for given proper transfer matrices are established. Two methods are proposed for determination of the positive stable realizations for given proper transfer matrices. The effectives of the proposed procedures is demonstrated on numerical examples.
PL
Podane zostaną warunki wystarczające istnienia stabilnej realizacji dodatniej dla danej właściwej macierzy transmitancji operatorowych. Przedstawione zostaną dwie metody wyznaczania stabilnej realizacji dodatniej dla zadanej macierzy transmitancji operatorowych. Efektywność proponowanych metod zilustrowana zostanie przykładami numerycznymi.
EN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature and humidity of air and light conditions in autumn in SK Nowielice stables. This study did not reveal any aberrancies from proper zoohygienic standards and thus did not decrease in horse welfare in autumn.
PL
Celem badań była ocena temperatury i wilgotności względnej powietrza oraz oświetlenia w okresie jesiennym w stajniach SK Nowielice. Przeprowadzone badania w stajniach SK Nowielice nie wykazały odchyleń analizowanych parametrów od norm zoohigienicznych i nie powodowały obniżenia dobrostanu koni w okresie jesiennym.
EN
An increasing number of equestrian facilities are being built in Poland and around the world. These premises should be designed to meet the needs of both people (the riders) and horses, while retaining high architectural value. Hippic buildings have a diverse use programme depending on their purpose. The profile of an equestrian facility directly affects its architecture in both functional and aesthetic contexts. The author analysed foreign cases of hippic buildings of varying size to present their diversity.
PL
W Polsce i na świecie powstaje coraz więcej ośrodków jeździeckich. Obiekty te powinny być projektowane w taki sposób, aby spełniały zarówno potrzeby ludzi (jeźdźców), jak i koni, zachowując równocześnie wysokie walory architektoniczne. Obiekty hippiczne mają zróżnicowany program użytkowy w zależności od ich przeznaczenia. Profil ośrodka jeździeckiego będzie miał bezpośredni wpływ na jego architekturę – w kontekście funkcjonalnym i estetycznym. Autorka analizuje zagraniczne przykłady obiektów hippicznych o zróżnicowanej wielkości w celu ukazania ich różnorodności.
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the level of air bacteria and fungi in the horse stable and the emission of microorganisms to the external environment during different seasons of the year. The predominating fungi in the stable and outside were also identified. These results demonstrate that both in the stables and outdoors, the number of microorganisms was the highest in the summer. This tendency was especially noticeable in the case of the concentrations of fungi outside the building, when the average value was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in other seasons. No statistically significant differences in the concentrations of airborne microorganisms at different distances from the stable were observed. Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., and yeast predominated inside and outside the stable.
PL
Celem badań było określenie liczebności grzybów, występujących w budynku inwentarskim zlokalizowanym na terenie Zakładu Doświadczalnego ITP. Podjęto również próbę określenia dynamiki zmian zawartości amoniaku oraz metanu w powietrzu badanego obiektu. Do badań wybrano oborę położoną na terenie Zakładu Doświadczalnego Instytutu Technologiczno-Przyrodniczego w Falentach. Pomiary wykonywano w 10 wytypowanych punktach badawczych. Próbki powietrza pobierano za pomocą urządzenia MASS 100 ECO na szalki Petriego, zwierające podłoże według Martina. Hodowle inkubowano w 28°C. Zawartość gazów w powietrzu badano za pomocą analizatora gazów. Wyniki badań wykazały wpływ terminu i miejsca na liczebność drobnoustrojów w powietrzu. Wyniki analiz amoniaku i metanu wykazały niewielkie ilości badanych gazów w powietrzu.
EN
The aim of present study was to analyse the occurrence of airborne fungi and some toxic and odor-forming gases (NH3, CH4) in the atmosphere of a selected livestock production building. The studies were located in milk farm building of the Experimental Station of the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences at Falenty. In experimental object 10 test points were chosen. Air samples were introduced onto Petri dishes with Martin agar using Merck’s MASS 100 ECO sampler. The cultures were incubated at a temperature of 28°C. The concentration of gases in the air were tested using Annova fotoacustic apparatus and Q-Ray IR gas analyser. Microbiological analysis of air of investigated building showed that the density of mycoaerosol depends on the date of sample collection, air temperature and location of sampling point. Results of analyses of the amount of ammonia and methane showed small amounts of these gases in the air.
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