In this article the authors have presented the history and organizational structure of the UEFA Euro 2012. They describe the main investments accompanying the organization of the competition in Poland, and particularly in Wrocław (one of the host cities). They also present a synthesis of the costs and benefits connected with organizing the championship. For the needs of the article, a survey was taken of Wrocław residents asking them what results they foresaw from the organization of the event. The aim of the research was to determine perceptions of the Euro 2012’s expected social, economic, and promotional effects for the city and the country.
Tourists participating in the so-called sports tourism mostly benefit from general tourist infrastructure – accommodation, food services, transport, tourist information, sports and leisure facilities available to all tourists – regardless of the motivation underlying their stay. Thanks to global sports events a new form of sports-related tourism has been established, which has its maximum representation in major events such as the Olympic Games and the World or European Championships. Esports is undoubtedly one of the most rapidly developing industries in today’s world, both in terms of business and as sports. This article sets out to present forms and current trends in sports tourism. Subsequently, it focuses on esports and provides basic information about this form of leisure, indicates similarities between cybersport and traditional sport, and offers examples of electronic sports events, including the top event in the city of Katowice, which appears to be the Polish capital of esports. In addition, the article offers an insight into how the cybersports industry reacted to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the authors analyse legal aspects of electronic sports in Poland and other countries and, finally, present and discuss the results of survey research pertaining to the impact of esports on tourism.
W pracy przedstawiono wymagania stawiane siedziskom stadionowym z punktu widzenia stwarzanego przez nie zagrożenia pożarowego. Opisano podstawowe dodatki powodujące zmniejszenie palności termoplastów. Scharakteryzowano metody stosowane do oceny zagrożenia pożarowego siedzisk stadionowych. W części doświadczalnej przedstawiono wyniki badań wybranych siedzisk stadionowych wg PN-EN 1021-1:2014, PN-EN 1021-2:2014, PN-88/B-02855, PN-EN ISO 11925-2:2010 oraz BS 5852:2006. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników dokonano oceny zagrożenia pożarowego powodowanego przez siedziska stadionowe.
EN
The paper presents the requirements for stadium seats from the point of view of hazards posed by fire. Basic additives which reduce the flammability of thermoplastics were described. Moreover, methods used to evaluate the hazard of fire of stadium seats were characterized. In the experimental part the results of selected stadium seats according to PN-EN 1021-1:2014, PN-EN 1021-2:2014, PN-88/B-02855, PN-EN ISO 11925-2:2010 and BS 5852:2006 were presented. On the basis of the results the hazard evaluation of the fire posed by stadium seats was made.
The article refers to the challenges for the logistics which comes together with the organization of big sports events. The article is based on the example of the most demanding discipline which is Formula 1. It is here, where besides the latest technologies and the best drivers in the world, the latest methods of managements are applied as well as modern logistics techniques. New ideas of modern logistics were born in this highly demanding field. The logistics issues will be followed by very important aspects in preparing to the season, the race, and the qualifying that is the analysis of telemetric data, which is transferred from the car to the garage every time the car is on track.
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