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1

Fasciola hepatica miracidia: Lectin binding and stimulation of in vitro miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation

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Georgieva K. , Georgieva S. , Mizinska Y. , Stoitsova S. R.

Acta Parasitologica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 1

EN

The lectin binding properties of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were studied by a panel of fluorescein- and gold-conjugated lectins (ConA, LCA, WGA, LEA, SBA, HPA and UEA-I). The presence of mannose and/or glucose residues was demonstrated with ConA and LCA as weak diffuse fluorescence of the miracidial surface, which was more intense at the anterior part of the larva. The N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectins WGA and LEA reacted intensely with the whole miracidial surface. No labelling with N-acetylgalactosamine and/or galactose-specific (SBA and HPA) and fucose-specific UEA-I lectins was observed. The possibility that the specific recognition of the miracidial surface carbohydrates by lectins may initiate the process of transformation of the miracidia into sporocysts was examined in vitro in physiological saline for Galba truncatula. Incubation in the presence of ConA and WGA resulted in facilitation of the transformation process. Facilitation was absent in the presence of inhibitor sugars. Incubation in the presence of SBA or UEA-I had no effect. The results suggested a possible impact of carbohydrate-lectin interactions in transformation of miracidia of F. hepatica to sporocysts in vivo.

2

Spatio-temporal variation in the prevalence of trematodes in the bivalve Perumytilus purpuratus

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Munoz G. , Torres P. , Valdes J. , Rodriguez A.

Acta Parasitologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 2

EN

Perumytilus purpuratus is an abundant bivalve located in the intertidal rocky zone of South America that has been considered as a key species of the ecosystem. There are few studies of the host-parasite relationship of this bivalve; thus, this research aims to analyse the spatial and temporal variation in the prevalence of trematodes in P. purpuratus. Bivalves were collected from three localities (El Tabo, Las Cruces and Montemar) of central Chile (33°S, 71°W) during different seasons of 2010. The bivalves were also collected every metre, from the lowest to the highest level of the intertidal rocky zone, to determine the parasite distribution within the localities. Three species of trematodes as sporocyst stages were found: Prosorhynchoides carvajali, Proctoeces sp. and an undetermined fellodistomid species. Of the 37,692 bivalve specimens collected, 2.68% were parasitised. The undetermined fellodistomid species was the most prevalent parasite observed (1.69%). There were little detected differences in the prevalence of some trematode species between seasons. The prevalence of P. carvajali varied between localities, being most prevalent at Montemar. The distribution of trematodes along the rocky zone within the localities was variable, with P. carvajali being more prevalent in the mid-lowest level of the intertidal zone and the undetermined fellodistomid species being more prevalent in the mid-highest level. Both the abundance of definitive hosts and the environmental conditions likely result in different levels of infection by trematodes in P. purpuratus between and within the localities.

3

Some specific and non-specific phosphatases in the sporocyst of Fasciola hepatica. 3. Enzymes associated with glycolysis

100%

Humiczewska M.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1997

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tom 43

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nr 4

EN

Using histochemical and cytophotometric methods, enzymes associated with anaerobie glycolysis: glucose-6-phosphatase, hexokinase, and aldolase in the developing sporocysts of Fasciola hepatica were studied. Highest activity of these enzymes was found in the germ balls in the sporocysts, at all phases of their development, which is related to intensive proliferation and differentiation of the embryos developing inside the germ balls.

4

The effects of the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus on the reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in the Drava River

100%

Lajtner J. , Lucic A. , Marusic M. , Erben R.

Acta Parasitologica

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2008

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tom 53

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nr 1

EN

The effects of the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus on the reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha were examined in mussel populations from the Drava River. The reproductive cycle was studied by histological examination of the gonads and quantified by an image analysing system to determine changes in volume of the entire visceral mass, gonads, digestive glands and in particular the volume of trematodes. Results confirmed that (1) gonads of D. polymorpha were affected by B. polymorphus infection more than any other organ and (2) development of cercariae in sporocysts of B. polymorphus coincides with host gonad maturation. This is the first study in which the image analysing system was used to determine the effect of trematodes on the reproductive cycle of D. polymorpha. Also, this is the first record of sporocysts of B. polymorphus in D. polymorpha in this part of Europe.

5

Localization and distribution of F-actin in the excretory system of sporocyst of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum [Digenea]: a phalloidin-rhodamine fluorescence and team study

100%

Czubaj A. , Niewiadomska K. , Sobolewska M.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne. Suplement

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2001

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tom 47

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nr 2

6

Structure and TEM ultrastructure of the excretory system of the cercaria and daughter sporocyst of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niew., 1984 [Digenea, Diplostomidae]

100%

Niewiadomska K. , Czubaj A.

Acta Parasitologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 4

EN

The general morphology of the excretory system of the cercaria and daughter sporocyst of D. pseudospathaceum is described. The ultrastructure of the following parts was examined: in the body - the filtering complex, anterior and posterior collecting tubules, main collecting duct, main excretory tube, and excretory bladder; in the tail - the capillaries with filtering complex, collecting tubes, main caudal duct, and furcal duct. Differences in the morphology of the excretory system of cercaria and daughter sporocyst are discussed: they relate to the lack of a main collecting tube and excretory bladder, and to the presence of separate excretory pores in the sporocyst. The ultrastructure of the filtering complex of sporocysts differs in the more numerous cilia and the presence of internal leptotriches. The other difference is the presence of long cytoplasmic projections that are in contact with adjacent cells in the distal part of the sporocyst capillary cell.

7

Lipids in the host-parasite system: Digestive gland of Lymnaea truncatula infected with the developmental stages of Fasciola hepatica

100%

Humiczewska M. , Rajski K.

Acta Parasitologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 3

EN

Effects of the presence of sporocysts, rediae and cercariae of Fasciola hepatica on the lipid content in the digestive gland of Lymnaea truncatula as well as on lipid levels in tissues of the parasites themselves were studied. Lipids were examined by means of histochemical and cytophotometric techniques. The snail's digestive gland lipid level was found to be almost halved in 20 days post infection; a more then 80% reduction being visible after the subsequent 40 and 60 days. The loss of lipids in the digestive gland of the infected snails point at mobilisation of lipid energy reserves to compensate for the deficiency of carbohydrates, used by these parasites. The parasite tissues such as tegument, pharynx, suckers and germ balls showed considerable lipid contents and were metabolically active. It supports the hypothesis that lipids are used as energy source by developmental stages of this parasite.

8

Some specific and non-specific phosphatase in Fasciola hepatica L. sporocyst. I. Intracellular digestion enzymes

100%

Humiczewska M.

Zoologica Poloniae

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 1-4

9

Reproductive cells in the sporocyst wall of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 [Digenea, Diplostomidae]

100%

Klag J. , Niewiadomska K. , Czubaj A.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica et Zoologia. Supplement

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1997

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tom 39

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nr 1

10

Sacrocystis muris: Changes in the number of mice with sacrocysts and median number of cysts observed after a single oral dose of sporocysts

100%

Jonas W. E. , Roberts M. G. , Fisher M. G. , Stankiewicz M.

Acta Parasitologica

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1995

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tom 40

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nr 1

EN

Groups of 20 mice were dosed once orally with either 20, 200, 2,000 or 20,000 Sarcocystis muris sporocysts and killed at 8, 16 or 24 weeks post inoculation. Muscle samples were examined for sarcocysts in histologic sections. At 8 weeks, all or most mice in each group had sarcocysts. For mice given 20 sporocysts, there was a significant reduction in the number with sarcocysts and the median sarcocyst count at 16 and 24 weeks. For mice given 200 sporocysts, there was no difference in number with sarcocysts or median sarcocyst count at 8, 16 or 24 weeks. For mice given 2,000 or 20,000 sporocysts, there was no difference in the number of mice with sarcocysts at 8 and 24 weeks, but sarcocyst numbers at 16 weeks were significantly less than at 8 weeks. The median sarcocyst count was less at 16 weeks for mice that received 2,000 sporocysts, but there was no significant difference in the counts at 8, 16 or 24 weeks for the high sporocyst dose groups. In a second experiment, mice were dosed with 10 sporocysts, kept under specific-pathogen-free conditions and groups examined every 2 weeks until week 38. The median number of sarcocysts showed a significant decrease between 8 and 12 weeks followed by a significant increase between 12 and 16 weeks and then a significant decrease by 18 weeks (all p<0.05). These experiments show that from a single oral dose of sporocysts, the number of mice with sarcocysts and the median number of cysts are determined by the sporocyst dose level and the duration of the infection. It is suggested that these observations could be due to cyclical development of sarcocysts.

11

A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Columbidae)

80%

Jamriska J. , Modry D.

Acta Protozoologica

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2012

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tom 51

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nr 4

12

Monorchiid and aporocotylid cercariae (Digenea) parasitising the purple clam Amiantis purpurata (Bivalvia, Veneridae) from the Southwestern Atlantic coast

80%

Gilardoni C. , Posadas G. , Kroeck M. A. , Cremonte F.

Acta Parasitologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 4

EN

Two cercariae, one of them ocellate and with well developed tail (Monorchiidae) and another apharyngeate brevifurcocercous (Aporocotylidae), parasite of Amiantis purpurata (Lamarck, 1818) (Bivalvia, Veneridae) from the Patagonian coast on the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, are described. These reports comprise the second monorchiid intramolluscan infection reported for the Southern Hemisphere and first intramolluscan aporocotylid for the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, this constitutes the first report of aporocotylid intramolluscan stages (parthenita) occupying only the haemocoel of the gills of a marine molluscan host rather than the digestive gland and gonad, the usual site of infection.

13

Two new Isospora species from the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola in Brazil

80%

Coelho C. D. , Berto B. P. , Neves D. M. , de Oliveira V. M. , Flausino W. , Lopes C. W. G.

Acta Parasitologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 3

EN

Two new coccidian species (Protozoa, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) are reported from the saffron finch Sicalis flaveola Linnaeus, 1766, a very common species in South America. Isospora cetasiensis sp. nov. oocysts are subspherical to ellipsoidal, 23.1 × 21.6 μm, with smooth, bilayered wall, ∼1.0 μm. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 15.1 × 10.9 μm. Stieda body is knob-like and substieda body is rounded. Sporocyst residuum is composed of many scattered granules and spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with one refractile body and a nucleus. Isospora sicalisi sp. nov. oocysts are subspherical to ellipsoidal, 27.5 × 25.2 μm, with a smooth, bilayered wall, ∼1.1 μm. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 17.2 × 11.7 μm. Stieda body is knob-like and substieda body is trapezoidal. Sporocyst residuum is composed of scattered granules and spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with one refractile body and a nucleus.

14

Isospora ticoticoi n. sp. [Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae] from the Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis in South America

80%

Balthazar L. M. C. , Berto B. P. , Flausino W. , Lopes C. W. G.

Acta Protozoologica

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2009

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tom 48

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nr 4

347-351

15

Seasonal variation in the toxicity of umbelliferone against Fasciola larvae

80%

Sunita K. , Kumar P. , Singh D. K.

Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences

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2013

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tom 03

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nr 1

16

Utrastructural observations on Goussia metchnikovi (Laveran, 1897) in the spleen of gudgeon, Gobio gobio L.

80%

Ball S. J. , Daszak P. , Davies A. J.

Acta Parasitologica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 1

EN

The ultrastructure of gamonts and sporulated oocysts of Goussia metchnikovi in the spleen of gudgeon, Gobio gobio from the river Lee, England is described. In developing microgamonts, small amylopectin granules were grouped centrally and nuclei were often arranged peripherally, close to the surface membrane. Nuclear chromatin condensed into peripheral dense portions that became the nuclei of flagellated microgametes, released to the parasitophorous vacuole. The cytoplasm of macrogametes had larger, scattered amylopectin granules, lipid globules and small electron-dense bodies, but no obvious wall forming bodies; peripheral vesicular structures with the appearance of mitochondria were also present and the parasitophorous vacuole contained flocculent material, but was otherwise free of structures. Sporulated oocysts contained four sporocysts and oocyst walls appeared to consist of a single membrane. Sporocyst walls showed a dehiscence suture, characteristic of the genus Goussia, which had filamentous extensions in places. The sporocyst wall comprised a dense inner layer and a thin outer layer with a fuzzy coat, separated by an electron lucent layer. Groups of oocysts were encapsulated by fibrous layers and inflammatory cells, and many sporocysts and their contained sporozoites showed evidence of elimination by the host.

17

The identification and characteristics of Echinoparyphium rubrum [Cort, 1914] comb. new [Trematoda, Echinostomatidae] based on experimental evidence of the life cycle

70%

Kanev I. , Sorensen R. , Sterner M. , Cole R. , Fried B.

Acta Parasitologica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 4

EN

The life cycle of Echinoparyphium rubrum (Cort, 1914) comb. n. has been completed experimentally. All of the developmental stages - egg, miracidium, sporocyst, mother and daughter rediae, cercaria, metacercaria, and adult - were examined and described. The miracidia infected freshwater snails of the genus Physa, P. gyrina and P. occidentalis. Attempts to infect snails of the genera Lymnaea, L. auricularis, L. peregra, L. truncatula and Bulinus, B. truncatus failed. Cercariae infected various pulmonate and prosobranch freshwater snails, mussels, frogi water turtles and planarians. The adults developed in the small intestine of birds and mammals. The identity and major characteristics of Echinoparyphium rubrum are discussed. Synonyms of E. rubrum are Cercaria rubra Cort, 1914; Cercaria biflexa Faust, 1917; Cercaria chisolenata Faust, 1918; Echinostoma callawayensis Barker et Noll, 1915; Echinostoma revolutum of Johnson (1920); Echinoparyphium elegans of Cannon (1938), of Bain and Trelfall (1977), of Mahoney and Trelfall (1977); and Echinoparyphium recurvatum of Jilek (1977), Harley (1972), Sankurathri and Holmes (1976). Comparisons are made between E. rubrum and its 43-collar-spined allies: E. flexum from North America, E. cinctum from Europe, E. dunni from Asia and E. elegans from Africa.