Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Neocolonial subtext in western media coverage of ukrainian crisis

100%

Lazurkevych I.

Social Communication. Online Journal

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2015

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nr 1(11)

12-18

EN

The article examines one of the key factors of modern European philosophy and outlook - neocolonialistic and orientalistic mentality of nowadays Europe and its impact on the informatioanal sphere and the character of inernational relations. Neocolonialism and orientalism are, thus, studied in the context of the analysis of westernm media coverage of Ukrainian crisis which occasionaly appears to be stereotyped and deeply engaged.

2

USA-Rosja w XXI wieku. Wielka gra o strefy wpływów

86%

Klatka-Urbaniak K.

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2012

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nr 4(345)

77-97

EN

The author of the article discusses selected issues of American-Russian relations in the first decade of the 21st century, which was marked by reevaluation and changes in the position of both the USA and Russia. During this period the assumptions of the policies of both states engaged them in a tactic game for spheres of influence. American unilateralism led to a gradual degradation of the USA’s position in the world. The circumstances accompanying the assumption of presidency by Barack Obama were determined by the need to abandon unilateralism and focus on a conciliatory solution of problems, which in turn resulted in self-imposed limitation of the USA’s role in the world. On the other hand, following the rise of Vladimir Putin to power, Russia launched a consistent strategy of resuming the status of a global power. Therefore, in the period under discussion the two countries started competing for spheres of influence. The latter phenomenon is analyzed with reference to the major areas of overlapping interests, i.e. to the territory of the former sphere of influence of the USSR and to the region of the Near East, especially Iran, which is one of the vital regions of American strategy.

3

Czechoslovak-Soviet Relations, 1938-1945 – An Overview

72%

Smetana V.

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tom 5

299-318

EN

This article examines the twists and turns of the relationship between the Communist Great Power and the political representation of an occupied country that was gradually establishing its provisional state apparatus in exile. The analysis proves that by the time the Second World War ended, Czechoslovakia had become a part of the emerging Soviet sphere of influence. That happened through a combination of concessions resulting from the Soviet pressure, and the conviction, on the part of the leading Czechoslovak political representatives, that Czechoslovakia, with its Munich experience, had to seek a new powerful strategic ally capable of providing a security guarantee against any repetition of German aggression.

4

Wojna w Ukrainie – przyczyny i skutki po ponad roku trwania

72%

Wiktor Z.

Studia Orientalne

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2023

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nr 3(27)

30-59

RU

Война в Украине продолжается уже больше года и нет никаких признаков того, что она скоро закончится. Eё причины очень сложны. Одним из них стала победа контрреволюции и падение социализма, а затем и распад бывшего Советского Союза в декабре 1991 года. Тогда были созданы 15 независимых (в разной степени) республик – их распад произошел не только идеологически и политически, но и экономически. Во многих из них возникли или возродились национализмы, в том числе религиозные, что затронуло не только основные бывшие союзные республики, но и многочисленные национальные меньшинства, в частности в странах Балтии, Кавказа и Поволжья. Некоторые из них переросли в локальные войны. Важную роль в распаде стран бывшего Советского Союза и ослаблении Российской Федерации сыграли внешние силы, империалистические страны, главным образом США, некоторые европейские страны, НАТО в целом, а также соперничающий с Россией Евросоюз и другие силы международного капитала. Война в Украине имеет более глубокие причины, и если Россия потерпит неудачу, это будет иметь дальнейшие неблагоприятные последствия для неё как великой державы и может даже стать началом её распада. Отсюда полная решимость правящих Россией сил добиться победы. При этом Украина пользуется поддержкой всего «глобального Запада» во главе с США, НАТО и Евросоюзом. Войне предшествовали многочисленные нарастающие противоречия и сопутствующие им конфликты. В 2004 году приняли они форму «Оранжевой революции», дальше «Революция достоинства», переворота на Майдане, а в конце концов провозглашения независимости Крыма, Донецкой и Луганской республик в 2014 году. Прошло еще восемь лет, прежде чем конфликт перерос в настоящую войну, хотя официально Россия до сих пор определяет её как «специальную военную операцию».

EN

The war in Ukraine has been going on for more than a year now and there is no indication that it will end soon. The causes of its outbreak are very complex. One of them was the victory of the counter-revolution and the collapse of socialism, followed by the collapse of the former Soviet Union in December 1991. At that time, fifteen independent republics were established to varying degrees – their disintegration took place not only ideologically and politically, but also economically. In many of them, nationalisms arose or were revived, including those based on religion, which included not only the main former union republics, but also numerous national minorities, particularly the Baltic states, the Caucasus, and the Volga region. Some of them turned into local wars. An important role in the disintegration of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the weakening of the Russian Federation was played by external forces, imperialist states, mainly the US, some European countries, NATO in general, and the rivalling with Russia European Union and other forces of international capital. The war in Ukraine has deeper causes, and in case of Russia’s defeat, it will have further adverse consequences for it as a great power, and may even become the beginning of its disintegration. Hence, the result is the full determination of the Russian ruling forces to achieve victory. At the same time, Ukraine enjoys the support of the entire „global West”, led by the US, NATO, and the European Union. The war was preceded by numerous growing contradictions and accompanying conflicts, which took the form of the ‚Orange Revolution’ in 2004, the so-called Revolution of Dignity and the Maidan coup, the declaration of independence by Crimea and the Donetsk and Luhansk Republics in 2014. It took another eight years for the conflict to escalate into a full-blown war, although Russia officially still defines it as a „special military operation”.