Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The zoobenthos structure in the Dniprovske (Zaporizke) reservoir, Ukraine

100%

Petrovsky O. , Fedonenko O. , Marenkov O.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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tom 32

87-98

EN

The article presents data on monitoring the species composition of the zoobenthos of the Dnipro reservoir during 2015-2018. It has been found that a biocenosis of Dreissena (Dreissena bugensis, D polymorpha) was formed on the pass of the upper part of the reservoir on slightly silty sand. The bottom layers of water have been found to be slightly exposed to climatic factors due to slow flow; thus seasonal changes in zoobenthos in the profundal biotope are insignificant.

2

Inventory of the taxonomical composition of the plankton ciliates in the Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea)

100%

Griniene E. , Mažeikaite S. , Gasiunaite Z. R.

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2011

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tom Vol. 40, No.4

86-95

EN

Species composition of plankton ciliates was studied in the Curonian Lagoon in 2007-2008 and compared to long term investigations dating back to the 1980th. In total, 152 taxa were identified at the level of species or genera. More species (76 species/higher taxa) was found in the estuarine part of the Lagoon due to temporally unstable salinity and the presence of both freshwater and brackish/marine species. Some of the brackish/marine species: Tintinnopsis baltica, Tintinnopsis kofoidi, Cothurnia maritima, Lohmaniella oviformis, Lohmaniella spiralis and Helicostomella subulatum were recorded for the first time in the lagoon. The ciliate community at the freshwater sites was less diverse, containing 63 species/higher taxa in the central stagnant part of the Lagoon and 47 – in the Nemunas River avandelta. The comparison of present and past studies revealed that the use of a single live-counting method could lead to underestimation of small nanociliate species, whereas examination of Lugol fixed material provides relatively poor taxonomic information.

3

Effect of Changes in Land Use During the 20th Century on Woodland and Calcareous Grassland Vegetation in Southern Poland

88%

Dzwonko Z.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica

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2011

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tom 7

27-48

EN

In the modern agricultural landscape major threats to plant species diversity are loss and fragmentation of habitats and communities. During the last century natural and semi-natural communities have faced also cessation of tradition management and increased load of nutrients. This paper presents a survey of studies on vegetation dynamics of woodlands in the northern part of the Carpathian foothills and of calcareous grasslands on limestone hills near Kraków. The causes of fargoing changes observed in communities of these types and possible management for their conservation are discussed. The nature conservation value of woods can be assessed by means of ancient woodland plant species indicators.

4

Vascular ground flora in relation to topography, canopy structure and gap light regimes in a subtropical broadleaved forest (South China)

75%

Ou Y. , Su Z. , Ke X. , Li Z.

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2012

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tom Vol. 60, nr 3

463-478

EN

We examined the influence of topography, canopy structure and gap light environmental variables on the patterns of vascular ground flora (vascular plants less than 1 m in height excluding tree seedlings) in a subtropical broadleaved forest in S China, using field data obtained from a 4-ha permanent plot. Both topographic and canopy environmental conditions had a significant effect on community composition, species diversity and distribution of the vascular ground flora. However, topographic factors, especially slope position and aspect, had a greater influence as compared with canopy and understory light conditions. Both number of individuals and number of individuals per species of the ground flora varied significantly with different slope position, aspect, slope steepness and transmitted direct radiation, while species richness varied significantly under different slope position and canopy leaf area index (LAI) The effects of topographic and canopy environmental conditions on ground-flora composition and structure was further confirmed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Multi-response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) showed significant differences in the ground-flora species composition based on all the topographic, canopy structure and gap light variables. Species indicative of topographic, canopy structure and gap light regimes were identified with a significant indicator value (IV - 35%) by Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), which indicated that certain species have their ecological preference for a particular environmental gradient.

5

The effect of hydrological connectivity on water beetles fauna in water bodies within the floodplain of a lowland river (Neman river, Belarus)

75%

Pakulnicka J. , Nowakowski J. J.

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 2

7-17

EN

The middle course of the Neman River is the habitat of 120 water beetle species. Water beetles were most abundant in the Neman River, its major tributaries and oxbow lakes. They consisted of four synecological groups: rheobiontic and rheophilic organisms, type "a" and "b" stagnobionts. The diverse types of aquatic environments constitute faunal centers which, in addition to the specific and dominant Coleopteran populations, also feature migrational elements. The presence of close relations between the fauna of different environments indicates that they form a single, faunistically integrated hydrological system.

6

Species composition and structure of the nematode communities of epiphytic mosses in the Left-bank Polesie (Ukraine)

75%

Shevchenko V. , Zhylina T. , Shevchenko V. , Zhylina T.

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7

Mosses and liverworts in the glacier forelands and mature tundra of Svalbard (High Arctic): diversity, ecology, and community composition

75%

Wietrzyk-Pełka P. , Cykowska-Marzencka B. , Maruo F. , Szymański W. , Węgrzyn M. H. , Wietrzyk-Pełka P. , Cykowska-Marzencka B. , Maruo F. , Szymański W. , Węgrzyn M. H.

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nr 2

8

The effects of protective enclosure on vegetation diversity, and productivity of degraded alpine Kobresia meadow (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)

63%

Li S. , Wang Q. , Jing Z. , Wang W.

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2009

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tom Vol. 57, nr 3

495-502

EN

Grassland degradation due to anthropogenic and natural factors and their interactions is one of the worldwide ecological and economic problems because it reduces grassland productivity and diversity and leads to desertification. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of protective enclosure on vegetation composition and diversity and plant biomass of an alpine degraded meadow. The experiment was conducted at center of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with two degraded (caused by overgrazing) alpine meadows: the lightly and severely degraded ones (LD and SD) and their enclosed areas with iron net (LDE and SDE, respectively). The areas 200 m x 150 m for each of four degraded alpine meadow treatments at average altitude 3,960 m a.s.l. were set for research. The lightly degraded plots were dominated by Scirpus distigmaticus (Kukenth.) Tang et Wang, Elymus nutans Griseb. and Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge. The dominating plants in severely degraded plots were: Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd, Ajania tenuifolia (Jacq.) Tzvel, Lonicera minuta Batal. The results showed: (1) the vegetation cover of two degraded plots (LD and SD) has increased after taking the enclosure measures and the forbs dominated both plots. (2) Species richness has also increased in two enclosed degraded plots, respectively. There no significant differences in evenness and diversity between LD and LDE, and SD and SDE, respectively. (3) Enclosure may promote aboveground biomass, particularly grass and forb biomass in LD, and forb biomass in SD plots.

9

Udział przydroży w zachowaniu lokalnej różnorodności gatunkowej na przykładzie dróg powiatowych w Borach Tucholskich

63%

Stosik T.

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2012

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tom R. 20, nr 3

197-204

PL

Publikacja przedstawia wyniki badań florystycznych przeprowadzonych na poboczach dróg powiatowych w granicach gminy Śliwice. Flora przydroży tego regionu liczy 185 gatunków roślin naczyniowych. Współczynnik różnorodności gatunkowej pojedynczych płatów mieści się w granicach 2- 2,5 i jest niewiele mniejszy niż na łąkach. Zgromadzony materiał obejmuje łącznie 186 gatunków roślin naczyniowych - więcej niż na łąkach tego obszaru. Najliczniej występujące gatunki to: Festuca rubra, Arrheriatherum elatius, Elymus repens i Dactylis glomerata. Poza taksonami pospolitymi na przydrożach występuje szereg gatunków objętych ochroną gatunkową. Należą do nich: Frangula alnus, Helichrysum arenarium, Ononis spinosa, Arctosta-phylos uva-ursi, Convallaria majalis oraz Epipactis helleborine, Botrichium lunaria i Botrichium matricariifolium. Wysoka lesistość i ekstensywne rolnictwo w Borach Tucholskich sprzyjają wysokiej wartości przyrodniczej regionu. Przydroża są specyficznymi, odrębnymi siedliskami w leśnym krajobrazie. Z uwagi na bogatą florę, duży zasób rzadkich i chronionych gatunków, jak również dzięki wysokiej bioróżnorodności każdego badanego płatu, przydroża stają się istotnym elementem lokalnej różnorodności gatunkowej.

EN

The paper presents the results of the floristic research carried out on the roadside verges of the county roads within the borders of Śliwice commune. Roadside verges flora of this area consists of 185 species of vascular plants - more than in the neighbouring biocenoses. The species diversity index ranges from 2 to 2.5 - not much lower than in the meadows. Among the most frequent species to be found: Festuca ruhra, Achillea millefolium, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Artemisia vulgaris, Lolium perenne and Elynius repens. Many rare and protected taxa were also present: Frangula alnus, Helichnjsum arenarium, Ononis spinosa, Arclostaphylos uva-ursi, Convallaria majalis, Epipactis helleborine, Botrichium lunaria and Botrichium matricariifolium. Intensive forestation and extensive agriculture in the Tuchola Pinewoods contribute to high conservation value of the region. The roadside verges have become specific and unique habitats in the forest landscape. Due to rich flora, large stock of rare and protected species, in addition to high diversity of each investigated plot, the roadside verges have turned into a significant element of the local biodiversity.

10

Composition and distribution of epiphytic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in relation to emergent macrophytes cover in shallow lakes

63%

Tarkowska-Kukuryk M.

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2011

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tom Vol. 59, nr 1

141-151

EN

The influence of emergent macrophytes (dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) on the species composition, richness and abundance of epiphytic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) was studied in five shallow lakes of eastern Poland during three seasons (May, July and October) of 2001. The lakes represented three states: clear (macrophyte dominated), intermediate (phytoplankton-macrophyte dominated) and turbid (phytoplankton dominated). The trophic status of lake strongly affected the assemblages of chironomids living on the surfaces of common reed. Habitat conditions regulated mostly densities and relative abundance of midge taxa and did not have any significant influence on the number of taxa. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis of epiphytic fauna showed the significance of 5 environmental variables: Secchi disc visibility, dissolved oxygen, reed density, concentration of total phosphorous and epiphytic chlorophyll-a. The analysis separated epiphytic midges into two groups. The first group included taxa limited by low oxygen content and water transparency and corresponds with clear state habitats. To the second group belong taxa typical of eutrophic waters with densities determined by the concentrations of total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a, common in lakes of intermediate state and in particular of turbid state.

11

Wpływ dżdżownic na zespoły skoczogonek (Collembola) w uprawach trawiastych jedno i wielogatunkowych

63%

Olejniczak I. , Makulec G.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2014

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tom 12

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nr 3

83-97

EN

In 2004-2005 a lysimetric experiment was designed to determine whether and how plant diversity and earthworms could influence diversity and densities of collembolan communities. We compared two grass cultures: monoculture of Festuca rubra L. and a polyculture, the mixture of grasses (8 species) commonly used in agriculture. In addition to two plant communities of different diversity, we used in our experiments an engineering species of earthworm – Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.). The experiment was initiated in May 2004, when the lysimeters were sown with F. rubra or with a mixture of grasses. The following year, in May 2005, we introduced 6 individuals (that correspond with average densities of 200 ind.m-2 in natural environment ) of A. caliginosa to half of the lysimeters. In experiments we used plastic lysimeters, 450 cm2 in area and 20 cm high, filled with alluvial coarse sandy soil. The same soil was used in environment of the lysimeters. Soil samples were taken at the depths of 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-15cm and 15-20cm, before introducing earthworms and after 60, 120 and 180 days from introducing earthworms. On each occasion, samples were taken from six or ten lysimeters in each variant of the experiment. Soil samples were taken from central parts of lysimeter to avoid the edge effect. Springtails were extracted in the Tullgren’s apparatus and then were determined basing on Stach’s (1955) and Fjellberg’s (1998, 2007) keys and taxonomic paper of Rusek (1982). For statistical analysis we used nonparametric tests. Species diversity of Collembola communities was calculated according to Shannon-Wiener equation using logarithms at a base of 2 (Shannon and Wiener 1963). Hutcheson’s test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the H indices (Hutcheson 1970). Three ecological groups were distinguished among collembolans basing on their preference to soil layer: epigeic, hemiedaphic and euedaphic (Christiansen 1964). We found that soil layer (Kruskal-Wallis test: N = 432, H=18,25, P=0,0004), biodiversity of grass culture (N=432, H=14,59, P=0,0001) and the period of the season (N=432, H=24,24, P=,00000) had an important effect on densities of collembolan communities independently of earthworms presence (N=432, H=1,99, P=0,16). We found 18 species of springtails and the number of species decreased with soil layer. The most abundant were Cryptopygus bipunctatus and Isotomodes productus.

12

Dynamics of changes in the structure of the forest edge in Slovakia

63%

škodová M. , Gajdoš A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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2010

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tom 1 Dynamika zmian środowiska geograficznego pod wpływem antropopresji

22-29

EN

Forest edges generally represent a very important element of ecological stability. The goal of this paper is to classify the types of anthropogenic forest edges in the area of Starohorské Mountains and to analyze anthropogenic impacts on the selected attributes of forest edges. We evaluated the attributes of a biocomplex, type of forest edge, its structure, consistence, species composition and other factors. The differences in environment variables and anthropic impact were influenced by singularities in the composition and species variability of vegetation. In the monitored areas we defined seven types and four subtypes of forest edges according to its vertical and horizontal structure. With the help of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) we also interpreted organization relevés and species by gradients of environment variables, and with the help of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) we tested their statistical significance. From the results of our research, there is a clear tendency for high diversity of living species in the forest edge. Environmental variables interpreting the highest volume of species variability are the altitude and transect position.

13

Field-sampling methods for investigating ground-bryophyte populations in forest vegetation

63%

Jiang Y. , Liu X. , Tian R. , Shao X.

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2011

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tom Vol. 59, nr 2

317-327

EN

To determine the optimum plot size for bryophyte-biocoenosis investigations and identify the sampling methods that can provide sufficient and representative data for bryophyte diversity, we explored two sampling methods and investigated the species composition and their coverage in three sites located within the subtropical-temperate zone in China: mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forest with species of Quercus, Betula, Pinus, Abies (Guanyinshan Nature Reserve), mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest, broadleaved forest with species of Phoebe, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Acer, Tilia, Dacidia, Abies (Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve) and temperate deciduous broadleaved forest with species of Quercus, Betula, Populus (Dongling Mountains). Two sampling methods are applied: the systematic-sampling method based on nested quadrates of five different sizes (10 x 10 cm, 25 x 25 cm, 50 x 50 cm, 1 x 1 m, and 2 x 2 m) in each 2 x 2 m grid within a 10 x 10 m plot (total 25 grids) and the microcoenose-sampling method (sampling with the minimum area quadrate at the center of the largest fragment in each of the 25 grids). The minimum area of sampling was determined based on the similarity-area curve, the coverage-area curve, and the importance-value-area curve through the systematicsampling. The appropriate sampling method and quadrate number were determined by analyzing the species diversity and evenness. We compared two sampling methods by assessing the species number at two different sites. Both the similarity-area curve and importance-value-area curve showed that the turnover point of sampling size occurred at 50 x 50 cm where the similarity and importance-value were closer to the actual. We concluded that a quadrate of 50 x 50 cm could be used as the minimum area of sampling. However, the systematic-sampling method was not suitable for analyzing the diversity of bryophytes. A viable alternative is the microcoenose-sampling method which allows to obtain sufficient information in terms of species richness and their distribution.

14

Water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) in three forest and landscape reserves in Roztocze

63%

Biesiadka E. , Kowalik W. , Ścibor R.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia

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2015

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tom 70

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nr 1

EN

The materials of water mites collected in 1973–1974 in aquatic environments of three nature reserves in Roztocze were characterized. The collections comprised 995 Hydrachnidia belonging to 49 species. Twenty-eight species were collected in the Nad Tanwią Reserve, 30 species – in the Czartowe Pole Reserve, and 24 species – in the Szum Reserve. The analyzed reserves cover short river sections, therefore, the evaluated fauna can be regarded as relatively rich. The fauna of the examined reserves included widely distributed species as well as species typical of montane and submontane areas. In the analyzed reserves, the water mite fauna was dominated by rheobionts and rheophiles, and it was characteristic of upland rivers in the Lublin Region. One species new to Poland was identified: Atractides albaruthenicus Cich. et Bies. A comparison of the water mite fauna from the Nad Tanwią Reserve with the materials collected in 2001–2002 points to a significant reduction in the number of water mite species and considerable changes in the structure of synecological groups.

PL

Opracowano zbiory wodopójek pochodzące z lat 1973–1974 ze środowisk wodnych trzech rezerwatów Roztocza. Łącznie zebrano 995 osobników Hydrachnidia należących do 49 gatunków. W rezerwacie Nad Tanwią stwierdzono 28 gatunków, w rezerwacie Czartowe Pole 30 gatunków i w rezerwacie Szum 24 gatunki. Ponieważ eksplorowane rezerwaty obejmują krótkie odcinki rzek, badaną faunę można ocenić jako stosunkowo bogatą. W strukturze faunistycznej, obok gatunków szeroko rozmieszczonych, wyróżniono gatunki górskie i podgórskie. Fauna wodopójek badanych rezerwatów była zdominowana przez reobionty i reofile. Można ją określić jako typową dla rzek wyżynnych Lubelszczyzny. Stwierdzono jeden gatunek nowy dla Polski: Atractides albaruthenicus Cich. et Bies. Porównując faunę wodopójek rezerwatu Nad Tanwią z materiałami zebranymi w latach 2001–2002, stwierdzono znaczne zmniejszenie liczby gatunków wodopójek oraz istotne zmiany w strukturze grup synekologicznych.

15

Dynamics of changes in the structure of the forest edge in Slovakia

51%

Škodová M. , Gajdoš A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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2010

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tom 1

22-29

PL

Forest edges generally represent a very important element of ecological stability. The goal of this paper is to classify the types of anthropogenic forest edges in the area of Starohorské Mountains and to analyze anthropogenic impacts on the selected attributes of forest edges. We evaluated the attributes of a biocomplex, type of forest edge, its structure, consistence, species composition and other factors. The differences in environment variables and anthropic impact were influenced by singularities in the composition and species variability of vegetation. In the monitored areas we defined seven types and four subtypes of forest edges according to its vertical and horizontal structure. With the help of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) we also interpreted organization relevés and species by gradients of environment variables, and with the help of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) we tested their statistical significance. From the results of our research, there is a clear tendency for high diversity of living species in the forest edge. Environmental variables interpreting the highest volume of species variability are the altitude and transect position.

16

Effects of forested strips on spider assemblages in adjacent cereal fields: dispersal activity of spiders

51%

Kajak A.

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2007

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tom Vol. 55, nr 4

691-704

EN

Spiders are important components of agricultural ecosystems as far as they affect markedly the abundance of crop pests. The objective of the study was to determine whether the planting of forested strips (shelterbelts) in agricultural area enhances the biomass of spiders active on soil surface of cereal fields and if the exchange of individuals between these habitats depends on the age of trees. The investigations were carried on in 2000 and repeated in 2003/2004 along transects across young shelterbelts (2 -11 years old) - ecotones - fields. In the second period the 150 years old forest strip was included into the study. So altogether in both periods the study was performed in the strip-managed area in forested strips 2, 6, 7, 11, and 150 years old, adjacent cereal fields and in the control field located in a deforested area. The intensity of patrolling (number of individuals captured per trap per day) the soil surface by spiders was investigated using pitfall traps forming lines parallel to the shelterbelt. The results of both investigation periods show, that forested strips increased the biomass of patrolling spiders (BP - biomass of spiders per trap per day) in the fields. It was higher in the fields located in the strip-managed area than in the deforested area by ca 70%. The BP decreased gradually with the increasing distance from the strips. Differences between the strip and the field at a distance of 50 m were significant (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Turkey test). The reason for the higher BP in the fields adjacent to forested strips was mainly the dispersal of large spiders from strips to adjacent fields. Dispersal is high between the very young strip and the field and low between the oldest strip and the field. The group of forest inhabiting species accounted for 0.3-0.5% of the total number of spiders in the field located in deforested area. In the fields adjacent to young shelterbelts this proportion increases with the strips age from 1 to 6%. But in the field bordering the oldest forest strip it is low again and accounted for 1.4%. In this field the proportion of agrobionts is almost as high (94%) as in the field located in deforested area (98%). Similarly the species diversity was very low. The mean individual body mass of spiders from all the fields located in the strip-managed area was 2.7 times higher than in the control field (P<0.001). It can be concluded, that in the old forest strips the number of species, which don.t disperse to surrounding, increases. This conclusion may be important for landscape management.