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High-Resolution Seagrass Species Mapping and Propeller Scars Detection in Tanjung Benoa, Bali through UAV Imagery

100%

Karang I. W. G. A. , Pravitha N. L. P. R. , Nuarsa I. W. , Basheer Ahammed K. K. , Wicaksono P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

tom Vol. 25, nr 1

161--174

As a part of the marine ecosystem, seagrass plays a significant role in the coastal environment. However, due to increased threats from natural causes and anthropogenic pressures, seagrass decline will likely begin in many areas of the world. Therefore, several studies have been carried out to observe seagrass distribution to help resolve the issue. Remote sensing is often used due to its ability to achieve high accuracy when distinguishing seagrass distribution. Still, this method lacks in species classification because not all satellites and similar aerial vehicles have fine spatial resolution to distinguish distinct species of seagrass. In this study, we aim to address the issue by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which are known for providing finer resolution and better imagery. Samuh Beach at Tanjung Benoa, Bali, Indonesia, was chosen as the study site location because it experiences high levels of marine tourism and anthropogenic activities. From the UAV flight mission, the images obtained were processed. The result’s accuracy was also tested with an error matrix. The species found in this study are Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Syringodium isoetifolium, with 65% overall accuracy of the species classification map. This result indicates that UAVs can be a strong option for similar studies in the future. In addition to that, this study was able to observe the scars on the seagrass beds left by boat propeller activities from marine tourism. However, further research is needed to gain a better understanding of these objects.

Zabytki skórzane z Gniewu – nowe dane z analizy źródeł archeologicznych

67%

Blusiewicz K.

tom Tom XXIX

s. 337-356

The article contains the latest research results of the collection of leather artefacts, obtained during excavation at the Market Square in Gniew in 1976 (site 2, trench IV). The collection of footwear remnants and production waste (offcuts), obtained from layers dated at the end of the 13th, first and second half of the 14th century, was examined. Based on the microscopic observation, the species classification of the raw material was established (Tab. 1–5). Significant differences in the proportions of raw material from small and large ruminants and wild animals were found in the collection of shoe remnants and offcuts of new skins. Good quality soft leather and secondary raw material from cutting worn shoes were used in the workshop production. A large number of secondary offcuts of repetitive shapes (Figs. 2, 3) allowed the reconstruction of the shoe cutting scheme to recycle leather (Fig. 4). The obtained results confirmed the shoemaking and repair nature of the workshop in which footwear was made of new leather and used products were collected in order to repair or reuse the raw material.