Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The organisational dilemma of national regulatory authorities in the EU countries: multiplicity or unity?

100%

Łapszyński R.

Studia Iuridica

|

2023

|

tom 101

181-200

EN

This paper aims to examine the phenomenon of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) tasked with the regulation of various domains, as well as the process of amalgamation of existing specialised authorities that leads to their creation. Firstly, the author presents the materials and research methods used. The second part of the study involves mapping the NRAs currently operating in the EU Member States and creating a typology of such authorities, consisting of single-purpose, multi-sector, and “super regulators”. Thirdly, the author verifies his hypothesis that the general consolidation trend of central government administration in Europe also applies to NRAs in the EU Member States and examines selected amalgamations of regulatory agencies in the form of mini case studies. The fourth part addresses the significance of the institutional form (consolidated or specialised) of NRAs from the perspective of regulatory effectiveness, i.e. achieving the EU regulatory objectives.

2

Formal and professional requirements for medical, paramedical and technical staff of hyperbaric centres. Part 2

88%

Siermontowski P. , Skrzyński S.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2020

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tom nr 1(70)

7--20

EN

This two-part article reviews the current legal situation of professional personnel implementing hyperbaric procedures other than those used for diving. Numerous inconsistencies between the existing legal acts and the lack of legal regulations concerning procedures not financed from the State budget are shown. The first significant problem was the lack of mutual correlation of various regulations of the Minister of Health concerning hyperbaric diseases, as well as incoherence with medical and nursing specialisation programs in force in Poland. The second problem is the lack of requirements in the documents of the Ministry of Health for medical staff other than doctors and nurses, including technical staff, necessary for the implementation of a safe oxybarotherapy procedure. The situation is clearer with respect to technical personnel than in relation to medical personnel. There are provisions which strictly define the qualifications of such staff for a very narrow group of technical personnel. Although they deal with issues related to the use of hyperbaric chambers in diving, to date no other separate regulations have been developed for medical applications of hyperbaric therapy. Unfortunately, both in centres financed by the National Health Fund and in private centres, no-one observes these regulations because there is no such formal requirement. The same applies to occupational research (occupational medicine) for all groups of personnel involved in hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatments. It was also found that medical hyperbaric centres not seeking funding from the budget (the National Health Fund) do not have even minimum qualification requirements for the medical staff working there. Furthermore, there is no knowledge of the requirements set out in other legal acts other than those concerning medicine.

3

To Diversify or to Specialise? How to Strike a Balance in a Cluster Profile: A Case Study of the Hamburg Aviation Cluster (HAv), Drawing on Related Variety and Blending Processes

75%

Götz M.

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nr 4

38-53

EN

The motivation for this paper comes from the recognition that our understanding of specialisation might be too simplistic and that the dichotomy of specialisation and diversification could be outdated not reflecting the richness of real complex economic and technological relations among industries. Drawing on a qualitative study of the Hamburg Aviation (HAv) cluster, this paper discusses the peculiarities of a cluster profile in the digital time – the age of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), touching upon the issues of cluster structure and the complexity of production, synchronising specialisation with diversification, branching, and bridging, and the I4.0 attributes facilitating complementarity. The final research proposal, which is empirically embedded in the studied context, states that related variety encompassing both ‘specialisation in diversification’ and ‘diversification within specialisation’ can be further developed by a blending process. This can lead to branching and is modulated by the universal character of the I4.0 and a problem-solving attitude. It takes the form of an additive (new entries) or multiplicative (spinoffs) evolution, and, ultimately, owing to the complementarity, it can provide sustainable competitive advantages.

4

Regional Concentration and Specialisation in Agricultural Activities in EU-9 Regions (1950-2000)

75%

van Leeuwen E. , Strijker D. , Terluin I. , van Leeuwen E. V. U. , Strijker D. U. o. G. , Terluin I. A. E. R. I. L.

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2010

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tom 17

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nr 1

EN

Both traditional (von Thünen) and modern (Hayami & Ruttan, Krugman) theories on land use suggest that productions with a high value added per unit of land tend to be located near urban centres. In this article it is tested to what extent these theoretical findings are confirmed by empirical data on agricultural land use and production for the EU-9. The focus is not only on the degree of concentration and specialisation, but also on their development over time. Growth and decline of agricultural productions are here related to the degree of rurality. It is found that high value productions indeed tend to be located in urban regions. It is also found that most specialisation patterns that already existed in 1950 are even stronger in 2000.

5

Ocena wyposażenia wybranych gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka w sprzęt rolniczy

75%

Kapela K. , Jabłonka R. , Woliński J.

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tom R. 15, nr 1

97-101

PL

Dokonano analizy wyposażenia w sprzęt rolniczy 52 losowo wybranych gospodarstw z województwa podlaskiego specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Stwierdzono, że wszystkie gospodarstwa posiadały w swoim parku maszynowym pług, przetrząsaczo-zgrabiarkę oraz rozsiewacz nawozów. Średni wiek maszyn wynosił około 13 lat. W gospodarstwach użytkowano łącznie 125 ciągników. Najwięcej ciągników w przeliczeniu na 100 ha UR było w gospodarstwach najmniejszych - do 15 ha (19,6 szt.), najmniej natomiast (7,1 szt.) w gospodarstwach największych - powyżej 30 ha.

EN

The research involved analysis of provision with farm equipment, carried out for 52 randomly selected farms from Podlaskie Voivodeship specialised in milk production. It was observed that each of the farms had the following equipment in their stock of machine tools: plough, tedderrake and fertiliser distributor. Average machine age was approximately 13 years. In total, 125 tractors were operated in the farms. The smallest farms (sized up to 15 ha) possessed the highest number of tractors per 100 ha of arable land - 19.6 pcs., and for the largest farms (over 30 ha) that number was the lowest (7.1 pcs.).

6

Research on Competitiveness in Technical Textiles: Comparison of Countries Having the Lion's Share of Technical Textile World Exports and Turkey

75%

Karabay G. , Sarıçoban K.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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tom Vol. 29, no. 6 (150)

22--31

EN

After the end of quotas in 2005, Turkey and many other countries confronted fierce competition from countries having cheap labour. Producing technical textile products that require high technology and skilled labour is one way to cope with this competition. The degree of specialisation (comparative cost advantage) and export competitiveness of Turkey in technical textiles is gaining significance. Therefore, this study aims to examine comparatively the level of specialisation and export competitiveness of Turkey and the countries with the lion’s share in world exports of technical textiles in the period 2008-2019. Technical textile products are not coded under a specific category in the HS system, thus Turkey’s technical textile product groups, which are reported by the exporters’ association, were examined in this research. In this context, there are a total of 39 technical textile product groups consisting of 4-digit and 6-digit product groups. In this study, in which the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) method was used, Relative trade advantage (RTA), net export advantage (NEI), and relative export advantage (RXA) analyses were performed for technology classification. Considering the RTA results, the number of product groups in which China, Korea, USA, Turkey, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Vietnam and Mexico gained a competitive advantage is 33, 23, 23, 22, 22, 21, 20, 16, 14, 11 and 10, in sequence. Under the NEI results, which measure the country’s own commercial performance, the number of product groups that China, Korea, Germany, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Turkey, USA, France, Vietnam and Mexico specialised in is 38, 22, 22, 22, 22, 19, 18, 17, 15, 11 and 10, respectively. According to the results, Turkey has high positive NEI (close to +1) and RTA values especially in the product groups of 540219 (high tenacity yarn other than textured yarn/sewing thread, of nylon/other polyamides, not put up for retail sale), 540600 (man-made filament yarn (other than sewing thread)), and 630533 (sacks & bags of the kind used for the packing of goods, of polyethylene/polypropylene strip/the like). Turkey specialised in these products above the world average (RTA) and in the export of them from the domestic market (NEI). On the contrary, both NEI (close to -1) and RTA values are negative in the product groups of 540220 (high tenacity yarn other than textured yarn/sewing thread, of polyester.), 6113 (garments, knitted or crocheted, rubberised or impregnated, coated or covered with plastics or other materials), 540211 (high tenacity yarn other than textured yarn/sewing thread, of aramid.), and 540310 (high tenacity yarn other than sewing thread, of viscose rayon.). Turkey specialised in these products below the world average and in the import of these products to the domestic market. In the RXA analysis conducted according to the technology classification for technical textile exporting countries, it was determined that other countries except Turkey specialised in R&D-based product groups above the world average and had gained a competitive advantage.

7

Postępowanie kwalifikacyjne przy ubieganiu się przez diagnostę laboratoryjnego o rozpoczęcie specjalizacji

75%

Stychlerz A.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2007

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tom nr 4

52--53

PL

Jednym z warunków rozpoczęcia specjalizacji przez diagnostę laboratoryjnego jest przystąpienie do postępowania kwalifikacyjnego. Jest to związane ze spełnieniem szeregu wymagań przewidzianych w przepisach prawa. Artykuł ten omawia warunki, jakie powinien spełnić diagnosta laboratoryjny, aby przystąpić do postępowania kwalifikacyjnego, oraz sam przebieg tego postępowania.

EN

One of the conditions for laboratory diagnostician to start specialisation is to adhere to qualification proceedings. This is linked to a few requirements which are provoded for in legal provisions. This paper describes the conditions which shall be fulfilled by a laboratory diagnostician to start qualification oriceedings, and the course of these proceedings.

8

Politologia w ofercie dydaktycznej polskich uczelni. Informacja i analiza

71%

Kowalski T.

Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe

|

2010

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nr 1-2(35-36)

294-308

EN

The paper focuses on political science as a field of study offered by Polish schools of higher education (public, non-public and sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church). When presenting the qualitative and quantitative aspects of education in political science, the author relies on materials from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland’s Central Board of Tertiary Education, National Accreditation Committee, University Accreditation Committee, Central Committee for Degrees and Titles and available publications. The paper also brings an overview of legał acts which regulate degree programmes in political science, as well as results of analysis of political science programmes available from various schools of higher education.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest politologii jako kierunkowi kształcenia w ofercie polskich uczelni publicznych, kościelnych i niepublicznych. Przedstawiając ilościowe i jakościowe aspekty kształcenia w zakresie politologii, autor opiera się na materiałach Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, Rady Głównej Szkolnictwa Wyższego, Państwowej Komisji Akredytacyjnej, Uniwersyteckiej Komisji Akredytacyjnej, Centralnej Komisji do spraw Stopni i Tytułów oraz dostępnych publikacjach. Opracowanie zawiera również przegląd aktów prawnych, które regulują prowadzenie studiów politologicznych, a także wyniki analizy oferty dydaktycznej poszczególnych typów uczelni w zakresie politologii.

9

Leave it to the experts: A comparative analysis of competition-expert lay judges in private enforcement of competition law

63%

Hornkohl L.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2022

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tom 15

|

nr 25

7-36

FR

Cet article se concentre sur l’instrument procédural que sont les juges non professionnels experts en concurrence pour faciliter le calcul des dommages et intérêts dans les actions privées en dommages et intérêts pour la violation du droit de la concurrence. À cette fin, l’article analyse diverses formes de participation d’experts non professionnels déjà existantes en Europe. Il se concentre en particulier sur les procédures commerciales et de propriété intellectuelle, mais se penche également sur les quelques exemples existants de juges non professionnels experts en concurrence pour l’application privée du droit de la concurrence. Il évalue leur transférabilité aux procédures de dommages-intérêts en matière de concurrence et tente de tester plus généralement les limites du droit de la concurrence et du droit procédural au niveau européen et national. L’article met en évidence les motifs communs, les avantages et les désavantages, ainsi que les meilleures pratiques. Il se conclut par des premières propositions visant à inclure des juges non professionnels experts en concurrence dans l’application privée du droit de la concurrence.

EN

This paper focuses on the procedural instrument of ‘competition-expert’ lay judges to ease damages calculations and private actions for damages for the violation of competition law in general. To this end, the paper analyses various forms of ‘expert’ lay participation that already exist in Europe. It concentrates, in particular, on commercial and intellectual property proceedings, but also delves into the few existing examples of competition-expert lay judges for private enforcement of competition law. It assesses their transferability for competition damages proceedings and attempts to test EU and national competition as well as procedural law boundaries more generally. The paper considers common grounds, advantages and disadvantages, as well as best practices in this context. It concludes with early proposals for including competition-expert lay judges in private enforcement of competition law.

10

Wymogi formalne i fachowe stawiane personelowi ośrodków hiperbarycznych. Cz. 1

63%

Siermontowski P. , Janas B. , Olszański R.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

|

2017

|

tom nr 4(61)

7--14

PL

W dwuczęściowym artykule dokonano przeglądu aktualnej sytuacji prawnej personelu fachowego wykonującego procedury hiperbaryczne inne, niż nurkowe. Wykazano liczne sprzeczności pomiędzy obowiązującymi aktami prawnymi i brak regulacji prawnych dotyczących procedur nie finansowanych z budżetu Państwa. Pierwszym istotnym problemem był brak korelacji różnych, dotyczących hiperbarii Rozporządzeń Ministra Zdrowia a także niespójności z obowiązującymi w Polsce programami specjalizacji lekarskich. Drugi problem to brak określenia w dokumentach Ministerstwa Zdrowia wymagań w stosunku do innego niż lekarze i pielęgniarki personelu medycznego. Stwierdzono także, że medyczne ośrodki hiperbaryczne nie ubiegające się o finansowanie z budżetu (NFZ) nie mają określonych nawet minimalnych wymagań co do kwalifikacji pracującego w nich personelu. Brak jest także znajomości wymagań określonych w innych niż dotyczące medycyny aktach prawnych.

EN

This two-part article reviews the current legal situation of specialist staff performing hyperbaric procedures for purposes not related to diving. Numerous discrepancies between the applicable legal acts and the lack of legal regulations concerning procedures not financed from the state budget have been noted. The first significant problem consisted in the lack of a correlation between various Regulations of the Minister of Health concerning hyperbaric oxygenation, as well as inconsistencies with the programmes of medical specialisation effective in Poland. The second problem is the lack of determination requirements of medical personnel other than doctors and nurses in the documents of the Ministry of Health. It was also found that medical hyperbaric centres which do not apply for funding from the budget (National Health Fund), do not even meet the minimum requirements defined as to the qualifications of the staff working there. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge of the requirements set out in legal acts other than those concerning medicine.

11

SPAG: A NEW MEASURE OF SPATIAL AGGLOMERATION. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND EMPIRICAL EXAMPLES

63%

Kossowski T. , Hauke J.

|

nr 4

33-42

EN

Kopczewska (2017) proposed a new empirical measure of spatial agglomeration (SPAG) of economic activity based on geolocations of firms. The aim of the paper is to introduce theoretical backgrounds of SPAG. The measure is a product of two random variables with beta and gamma distributions. The moments of the product are described and estimated for Poland with spatial centroids of LAU2 treated as geolocations of firms for empirical distribution as well as for the set of firms located in a regular region. Another approach to SPAG properties has its origin in a geometric probability concept. We present the research results on geometric probability, applied to SPAG, as distance probability distributions for a regular region.