Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Modelowanie map glebowych dla celów komputerowej symulacji procesów rolnictwa precyzyjnego

100%

Kęska W.

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tom Vol. 47, nr 2

8-12

PL

Podstawą technologii rolnictwa precyzyjnego są komputerowe mapy glebowe zawierające różnorakie dane o poszczególnych miejscach pól. Te mapy są podstawą planowania trajektorii lokalnie zależnego sterowania pracą maszyn rolniczych. W ramach pracy zaproponowano własną wersję tekstowego zapisu tychże map. Opracowano oprogramowanie, w skład którego wchodzi interpreter opisów map glebowych, procedury graficznej wizualizacji map oraz procedury przetwarzania przestrzennych danych cyfrowych z pomiarów, na standardowe formy zapisu mapy. Podano przykład wykorzystania map cyfrowych w symulacji komputerowej procesu kombajnowego zbioru zbóż.

EN

Precision agriculture is based on the computer maps containing useful data describing every point of field. Such maps consists the base for planning the trajectory of site specific controI of agricultural machinery and by this, site specific treatment of the plantation. The own version of data structure for describing such maps was proposed in this paper. The computer software for processing of such data was prepared. In the scope of this software is visualisation of maps and converting the surface data collected by measuring systems into map files convenient for further processing and visualisation. The example of computer soil maps application in the procedure of grain harvest digital simulation is described.

2

Analysis and representation of uncertainty in digital soil maps in the Zyrzyn area (SE Poland)

100%

Dobers E. S.

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nr 1

EN

The transferable belief model (TBM) is used to combine the soil information from soil maps and remote sensing information from colour aerial photography in two steps, with respective assumptions about the uncertainty and reliability of data. At a first step, the soil type maps of different scales were analysed for mapping unit purity to derive a soil map with integrated uncertainty information (map₀). In the second step, belief values regarding soil type hypotheses were assigned to pixels derived from airphoto classification. The ’soil type - air photo dass’ combinations were determined according to results from tested area. This new map was combined with map₀ using TBM. Two scenarios for data reliability were studied. The resulting soil type map is depicting spatial variability visible on the airphoto, when data reliability was increased for remote sensing information. The additional values of maximum belief and weight of conflict from the TBM can be integrated into GIS as spatial uncertainty information.

PL

Wykorzystano transferable belief model (TBM) do łączenia informacji o cechach gleby pochodzących z map glebowych i zdjęć lotniczych w dwóch etapach, z uwzględnieniem pewności i niepewności danych. W pierwszym kroku, porównano mapy glebowe (różne skale) w celu określenia ich wspólnego mianownika dokładności („czystości”) w wyniku czego powstała mapa „niepewności informacji” (map₀). W drugim kroku wartości zaufania dotyczące hypotezy odnośnie typów glebowych zostały przypisane do pikseli otrzymanych na podstawie klasyfikacji zdjęć lotniczych. Kombinacje klas zdjęć lotniczych z typami gleb zostały określone na podstawie wyników z obszaru testowego. Nowa mapa została połączona z mapą₀ z wykorzystaniem TBM. Badano dwa scenariusze dotyczące pewności danych. Wynikowa mapa glebowa przedstawia zmienność przestrzenną, która jest widoczna na zdjęciach lotniczych, gdy pewność danych wzrosła po zastosowaniu informacji z teledetekcji. Dodatkowa ocena maksymalnego zaufania oraz współczynnik wagi konfliktu otrzymane metodą TBM mogą być włączone jako przestrzenna informacja o niepewności w GIS.

3

Aktualizacja mapy glebowo-rolniczej z wykorzystaniem klasyfikacji obiektowej (OBIA) zobrazowań teledetekcyjnych oraz analiz przestrzennych GIS

84%

Wężyk P. , Pierzchalski M. , Szafrańska B. , Kortas G.

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tom Vol. 23

477--488

PL

Aktualność map glebowo-rolniczych w Polsce sięga najczęściej lat sześćdziesiątych poprzedniego wieku, stąd wymagają one nie tylko konwersji z formy analogowej (papierowej) do cyfrowej, ale przede wszystkim weryfikacji treści w stosunku do rzeczywistych klas pokrycia i użytkowania terenu. Rozwój miast, wsi, dróg i innych inwestycji infrastrukturalnych, jaki nastąpił w minionych 50 latach oraz nasilenie się w ostatniej dekadzie procesów socjoekonomicznych skutkujących porzucaniem upraw rolnych i zajmowania tych terenów przez lasy, spowodował dużą dezaktualizację treści geometrycznej mapy glebowo-rolniczej. Przeprowadzenie weryfikacji treści geometrycznej mapy glebowo-rolniczej dla skali województwa małopolskiego wymagało zastosowania obiektowej klasyfikacji (OBIA, ang. Object Based Image Analysis) aktualnych zobrazowań teledetekcyjnych. Proces OBIA realizowano w oprogramowaniu eCognition Developer 8.64 (Trimble GeoSpatial). Należało go możliwie daleko zautomatyzować ze względu na dużą powierzchnię opracowania (ok. 15000 km2). Otrzymane wyniki skontrolowano na podstawie kilkuset powierzchni referencyjnych (wektoryzacja ekranowa dokonana przez operatora). Analizy przestrzenne GIS aktualizujące przebieg poligonów mapy glebowo-rolniczej o nowe powstałe obiekty zrealizowano w trybie wsadowym (Model Builder, Esri). Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, iż największe zmiany, tj. przyrost powierzchni (procentowo) zanotowano w przypadku klas: „Las” (Ls; +8.2%) oraz „Tereny zabudowane” (Tz; +6.3%), przy jednoczesnym ubytku wszystkich kompleksów (ID 1÷13) wykorzystywanych pod uprawy rolne o -10.5% (z czego -4.9% w rejonach górskich). Ubytek trwałych użytków zielonych (1z, 2z oraz 3z) na zaktualizowanej mapie glebowej oceniona na około (-4.2%). Zastosowane algorytmy weryfikacyjne oraz aktualizacyjne pozwalają stwierdzić, iż klasyfikacja obiektowa OBIA aktualnych zobrazowań teledetekcyjnych (satelitarnych i lotniczych) w połączeniu z daleko zautomatyzowanymi analizami przestrzennymi GIS może być wykorzystywana w procesie aktualizacji mapy glebowo-rolniczej.

EN

The analogue soil maps (paper sheets; scale 1:5000) were made in Poland most likely in the 60-ties of XX century. Today, they need not only conversion from analogue form to digital (raster or vector) format but also quick and objective map revision. Soil maps become outdated and they don't represent actual land use or land cover (LULC). Rapid growth of cities and the country side development as well as infrastructure constructions have to be included in up-dated soil map. During the last 50 years in Małopolska Voivodeship, many hectares of arable land were abandoned and changed in natural way (succession) in to the class forest. In year 2010 the Marshal office of Małopolska Voivodeship decide to convert the archive of analogue soil map to shape file with connected database. In 2011 another project was started with main goal of up-date of the soil map (about 15 000 km2). The special work-flow of geoinformation technologies was used for fulfill this goal. Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) meets the criteria for fast and accurate Land Use & Land Cover (LULC) classification method of the RapidEye (from years 2010/2011) high resolution satellite images. Application of this object based classification method, together with GIS analysis ensures very high degree of work automation. The results obtained shows, that the most changes in a land cover were observed in urban areas (Tz; +6.3%) and forests (Ls; + 8.2%). The area of all other agricultural used soil complexes decreased in the same time about -10.5% (in the mountainous areas approx. -4.9%). The class pastures and meadows also decrease during the last 50 years about -4.2%. This project demonstrates success story of using the modern GIS techniques to verify and update soil map of Małopolska Voivodeship based on the OBIA of RapidEye satellite imaginary and aerial orthophotomaps (RGB).

4

Rastrowe bazy danych glebowo-kartograficznych jako przykład systemów geoinformacyjnych

84%

Ostrowski J. , Mościcka A. K.

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tom Vol. 11

4-17--4-23

EN

Supplying the geographic information systems with cartographic information about soils allows to widen the estimation and the describtion of environment both in aspect of nature and usefulness. This report presents the experiences of authors in creating information systems about soils which use space data obtained with the raster code method. The article presents a method of how to obtain the information, the principles of editing and creating maps and the examples of systems working with raster data bases.

5

Comparison of different geostatistical methods for soil mapping using remote sensing and environmental variables in Poshtkouh rangelands, Iran

84%

Hosseini S. Z. , Kappas M. , Budaghabadi M. B. , Chahouki M. A. Z. , Khojasteh E. R.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2014

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tom 23

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nr 3

EN

The aims of this study were: 1) to map the different soil parameters using three geostatistical approaches, including; ordinary kriging (OK), cokriging (CK), and regression kriging (RK), 2) to compare the accuracy of maps created by the mentioned methods, and 3) to evaluate the efficiency of using ancillary data such as satellite images, elevation, precipitation, and slope to improve the accuracy of estimations. In the rangelands of the Poushtkouh area of central Iran, 112 soil samples were collected. The maps of different soil parameters were created using the mentioned methods. To assess the accuracy of these maps, cross-validation analyses were conducted. The cross-validation results were assessed by the root mean square error (RMSE) and normal QQ-plot together with sum and average error to suggest the best estimation approach for mapping each soil parameter. The results have shown that, in most cases, taking the ancillary data into account in estimations has increased the accuracy of the created maps. Except for clay, the OK method was suggested as the best estimation method, and the RK and CK were the best recommended estimation methods for the rest of the parameters. The results suggest the application of the framework of this study for similar areas.

6

Numerical agricultural soil map of Poland at the scale of 1:500 000

84%

Budzynska K. , Stuczynski T. , Zaliwski A.

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tom 50

EN

In Poland, soil cover has been identified in detail in terms of spatial variability which resulted in soil records that comprise data on soil properties put in order according to the criteria of administrative and physiographic division. These data were not available in the numerical format till quite recently which meant that their application did not fully meet present requirements of agriculture, environment and landscape conservation, modification of functions, etc. The newly created numerical soil map at the scale of 1.500 000 corrects this difficulty. The main information content of the map at the scale of 1:500 000 covers complexes of soil usefulness and soil types and subtypes. Basic characteristics such as granulometric composition, origin of the parent rock and land use attributes, i.e.: forest, grassland, arable land, waters or barren land, are also included. Apart from the soil coverage, the map contains 13 topographic coverages.

7

Agrofizyka dla srodowiska i bezpiecznej produkcji biologicznej

42%

Glinski J. , Konstankiewicz K.

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1999

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tom 20

1-69

EN

Agrophysics is a science dealing with physical properties and processes affecting plant production. The main topics of agrophysical investigations are mass ( water, air, plant nutrients) and energy (light, heat) exchange in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum and way their regulation to reach biomass of high quantity and quality. Agrophisical investigations can be presented in the form of a tree - parameter system of classification. the term "Agrophysics" similarly to "Agrochemistry" "Agrobiology" "Agromelioration""Agroclimatology" or "Agroecology" has been fully accepted as an agricultural specialization. Agrophysics research are developed by meny scientific institutes but only the Instituí of Agrophysics in Lublin (Poland) is the strongest unit for a complex investigations in the field of agrophysics.AC The Institute of Agrophysics (IA PAN) is one of the institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, It was founded by Professor Bohdan Dobrzański in 1968 in Lublin who was the first and long-term director of the Institute (till 1980). The staff of the Institute consists of 100 workers including 68 scientific representing various specializations: physics, physicochemistry, soil science, agricultural engineering, mechanics, mathematics, electronics, geography and biology. These scientists have ery high qualifications achieved during long trainings in domestic and foreign centres. They were employed as postgraduate students and got their scientific degree on agrophysics. The Institute uses it's own building covering a surface of about 5 000 m2 situated in Lublin-Felin. The scientific structure of the Institute consists of six departments: 1. Hydrolherrnophysics of Soil Hnvironment and Agricultural Materials. 2. Aeration and Gas Exchange of Soil Environment and Agricultural Materials. 3. Mechanics of Agricultural Materials. 4. Physicochemistry of Agricultural Materials. 5. Agrophysical Bases of Soil Environment Management. 6. Physical Bases of the Evaluation and Improvement of Plant Materials, The Institute is a coordinator of agrophysical investigations in Poland and cooperates with meny scientific institutions over the world. The agrophysicial investigations carried out by the Institute and under its coordination allow us to deepen our fundamental knowledge about the physical and physicochemical properties and processes concerning agricultural materials. They also have introduced new elements to environmental protection which are significant to the economy. The results from these investigations may be used to: decrease soil physical degradation caused by erosion, soil crusting, sealing, compaction and structure destruction; increase the efficiency of water and fertilizer use; improve the technology of harvesting, storing and processing of plant materials to decrease quantitative ad qualitative losses of these materials; improve plant breading through formulation of physical properties of plants. The development of a theoretical basis in the field of agrophysics is of great importance for many agricultural specialization, e.g., soil science, soil technology, land reclamation, agricultural engineering, agroclimatology, agrochemistry, plant breeding and plant technology.