Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Biodiversity of Soil Macrofauna in Jelutong (Dyera lowii Hook.F) based Agroforestry System on Peatlands

100%

Yanarita , Indrayanti L. , Johanna , Afentina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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tom Vol. 22, nr 7

223--230

EN

Soil macrofauna can be an indicator of changes to the ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity of soil macrofauna in jelutong-based agroforestry on peatlands. Line transect sampling was used, eight transects and 32 plots were established. The sample was collected using the hand sorting technique. Species diversity and species evenness were determined using Shannon-Wiener index, while species richness with Margalef index. This study found 2179 individuals of soil macrofauna that belong to six classes, nine orders, and 13 families. The Formicidae 1 family dominated the area (951 individuals), while Lumbricidae had the least number (13 individuals). This study indicates that the species diversity of soil macrofauna in the jelutong-based agroforestry on peatlands is moderate (H’ = 1.508) with moderate species evenness (E = 0.588) and very high species richness (DMg = 281.788). It implies the capacity of the system in providing suitable habitat for macrofauna, and that it can be a potential alternative for ecological restoration in peatlands.

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The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium of Telodeinopus aoutii (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

75%

Kszuk-Jendrysik M. , Sosinka A. , Rost-Roszkowska M. , Poprawa I. , Hyra M. , Sonakowska L. , Kaminska K. , Vilimova J. , Tajovsky K.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2014

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tom 56

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nr 1

3

Influence of grazing exclusion on soil macro-invertebrate diversity in degraded sandy grassland (Inner Mongolia, China)

63%

Liu R.-T. , Zhao H.-L. , Zhao X.-Y.

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tom 60

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nr 2

EN

In arid and semi-arid areas, heavy grazing combined with climate change cause land degradation (e.g., desertification). Grazing management is essential for ecosystem recovery and desertification control in these areas, including Northern China’s Horqin Sandy Land. However, the recovery of soil faunal community during grazing exclusion is unknown. We examined plant and soil macro-invertebrate community structure together with soil properties in three treatments in a representative degraded Horqin sandy grassland: exclosure for 15 and 10 years (15EX and 10EX) and long-term continuous grazing (CG). The vegetation cover and height increased significantly and soil bulk density decreased significantly along the gradient from CG to 15EX, but there were no significant differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen. Soil macro-invertebrate abundance, group richness and diversity increased along the gradient from CG to 15EX, with significant differences in invertebrate abundance and group richness between CG and 15EX; there was no significant differences between CG and 10EX. There were no significant differences in soil macro- invertebrate diversity and evenness between these three treatments. These results suggested that grazing exclusion for at least 15 years might be necessary for the recovery of these fauna. The vegetation height and the soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and total nitrogen determined the distribution and community structure of soil macro-invertebrates. Some faunal groups lived in specific habitats due to strong adaptation to different management practices. For example, the Thomisidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae, and Rhopalidae tended to live in habitats with tall vegetation. The Lygaeidae, Miridae, Teneberionidae, and Linyphiidae adapted to live in soil with low soil organic carbon and nitrogen (ungrazed grassland).

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Soil concentration of C and N shaped by long-term unidirectional fertilization versus noxious soil macrofauna

63%

Sadej W. , Sadej W. , Rozmyslowicz R.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 3

EN

Unidirectional fertilization, if applied for many years, has a strong and sometimes negative effect on soil and natural environment. Such fertilization can cause unfavourable processes including humus degradation, the leaching of nutrients (mainly nitrogen), soil erosion as well as accumulation of weed seeds, pathogens and plant pests. In the last ten years threats caused to agricultural habitats by noxious soil macrofauna, particularly polyphagous insects representing Agrotinae, Elateridae, Scarabaeidae and Tipilidae, have become more explicit. Long-term unidirectional organic or mineral fertilization applied in a long-term static experiment established in 1972 on grey-brown pozdolic soil caused elevated concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil. The highest increase was observed when farmyard manure had been used. Unidirectional application of organic fertilizers in rates balanced for the amount of nitrogen added to soil (rate I of liquid manure and FYM), when carried out for many years, caused a significant increase in the density of soil macrofauna. Fertilization with liquid manure balanced with FYM in terms of organic carbon added to soil as well as with mineral fertilizers did not favour presence of macrofauna.

PL

Jednostronne nawożenie stosowane przez wiele lat ma znaczący, nie zawsze pozytywny, wpływ na środowisko glebowe, a także przyrodnicze. W wyniku takiego systemu nawożenia mogą zachodzić w glebie procesy polegające na degradacji próchnicy, wymywaniu składników pokarmowych, głównie azotu, erozji oraz nagromadzaniu się nasion chwastów, patogenów i szkodników. W ostatnim dziesięcioleciu szczególnie uwidoczniły się w agrocenozach zagrożenia ze strony szkodliwej makrofauny glebowej, zwłaszcza polifagów reprezentujących Agrotinae, Elateridae, Scarabaeidae i Tipulidae. Wieloletnie jednostronne nawożenie organiczne i mineralne stosowane w doświadczeniu statycznym założonym w 1972 r. na glebie płowej spowodowało wzrost zawartości węgla organicznego i azotu ogólnego w glebie, najwyższy w przypadku stosowania obornika. Stwierdzono istotny dodatni wpływ zawartości węgla organicznego oraz dodatni wpływ azotu ogółem na zagęszczenie potencjalnie szkodliwej makrofauny glebowej.