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Invasive giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis) alters the composition of oribatid mite communities

100%

Skubala P.

nr 2

Results of large-size timber extracting with a grapple skidder

100%

Bembenek M. , Mederski P. S. , Erler J. , Giefing D. F.

nr 3

A new HSM 904Z 6WD skidder of a large size was tested in a 140-year-old beech stand in northern Poland. The aim of the study was to analyse machine productivity and impact on the soil (bulk density and cone penetrometer test) and the remaining natural regeneration caused by skidding. Trees were cut by chainsaw and, if possible, felled into the direction of the skidroads. After delimbing, logs with a top diameter of a minimum 7 cm over the bark were prepared. The average skidding operational productivity including piling was 21.0 m3x h-1. At the same time, the level of damage in natural regeneration was: 18% (38% due to both: felling and skidding). An analysis of the soil after skidding showed that the density had grown by 15-30 gx cm-3. Increase of penetration resistance was up to 2.77 MPa as the biggest.

Zrywka drewna znacznych rozmiarów w negatywny sposób oddziałuje na środowisko glebowe i drzewostan. Zastosowanie skidera chwytakowego może prowadzić do zmniejszenia negatywnych skutków zrywki drewna przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu zadowalających parametrów wydajnościowych i ekonomicznych. Celem badania było określenie wydajności skidera chwytakowego HSM 904Z 6WD oraz jego wpływu na glebę (zagęszczenie i zwięzłość) oraz naturalne odnowienie. Badania przeprowadzono w 140-letnim drzewostanie bukowym w północnej Polsce. Ścięte i obalone drzewa (w kierunku szlaków) po okrzesaniu i odcięciu wierzchołków (min. 7 cm z korą) były zrywane na stół manipulacyjny. Średnia wydajność operacyjna skidera (wraz z mygłowaniem) wyniosła 21,0 m3xh-1, uszkodzenia odnowienia naturalnego dotyczyły 38% drzew (tylko 18% od zrywki), a zagęszczenie gleby zwiększyło się o 15-30 g xcm-3. Zwięzłość gleby wzrosła maksymalnie do 2,77 MPa.

Soil Cover State at Oil Field Construction and its Protection

100%

Sivkov Y. V.

tom Vol. 21, nr 2

244--250

This article deals with the problems of the soil cover disturbance and contamination at oil field construction. It provides a description of the set of measures aimed at ensuring the soil protection at the construction of industrial facilities at oil fields. The research object was the soil located at the interface of the wooded tundra and the southern tundra. This soil is characterized by the peculiar features that are determined by the certain commonality of the climate, as well as the similarity of the landscape evolution. The work included studying the content of the polluting matters in the tundra marshy and alluvial soddy soil located at the interface of the wooded tundra and southern tundra. The article contains a detailed analysis of the measures aimed at decreasing the impact on the soil cover during the construction of approach ways to valve stations and line facilities. The measures on the reliability and safety improvement of the pipeline operation, preservation of the stream conditions, the measures aimed at the prevention and minimization of the negative impact on the geological environment, and the measures for farsighted use and protection of soil quarries (sand and turf) have also been considered.

Timber harvesting in selected complex cutting in Polish lowlands - results

100%

Suwala M.

tom 44

American bison Bison bison wallowing behavior and wallow formation on tallgrass prairie

100%

Coppedge B. R. , Shaw J. H.

nr 1

We characterized social and spatial patterns of wallowing (dust-bathing) behavior in an American bison Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) population on a tallgrass prairie site in Oklahoma, USA. Consistent with earlier studies, wallowing was primarily practiced by adults, Unlike earlier studies, however, aggressive interactions associated with wallowing incidents were rare, probably due to the reduced bullicow ratio in the population. Forty-three significant soil disturbance sites, known as wallows, were created by wallowing activity during the 2-year study. The spatial distribution of wallows was significantly different from overall bison habitat use patterns for some landscape characteristics. Bison preferentially formed wallows on relatively level areas on spring and fall burns, thus avoiding summer burns, unburned areas, and severe slopes. Bison wallowed exclusively on bare or exposed soils when not using wallows, and in many instances wallowed on soil disturbed by other animals. When coupled with a preference for wallowing on relatively coarse soils, bison clearly exhibit a macro- and microsite preference for the conduction of this behavior. This preference has important implications for wallow distribution and their resulting ecological function in prairie environments.

Optimisation of the design and operation capacities of mobile cutting and manipulation system to minimise soil disturbance and contaminant load in forests

80%

Janecek A. , Dvorak J.

2002

tom 05

nr 2