The article analyses, from a perspective of political transformation, social opinion on socialism and on quality of life in this system. As political and economic reforms progressed, the beliefs of majority of society in superiority of democracy and free-market economy upon socialism and a centrally planned economy (as presented in 1989’s elections) proved to be ambivalent. Historical and sociological research shows that a large group of Poles holds living standards before 1989 in high esteem. At the same time most Polish people appreciate social change brought by the transformation and the word socialism has generally negative connotation. However, some of them, especially those who spent most of theirs lives in socialistic Poland, show nostalgia for socialism.
Notions of individualism and collectivism are present in many areas of social and political thoughts. Individualism and collectivism are based on different ideological values, which determine relation between individual and political system. In individualism individual is considered to be basic category of life – independent integrity. Each other greatest integrity than itself is recognized as set of individuals. Collectivism regards individual as a part of greatest social integrity, which determines its position. Antinomy between individualism and collectivism is rooted in two different political ideologies – liberalism and socialism. Communitarianism seeks to soften this contradiction in terms between individualism and collectivism.
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