Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ANTHROPOLOGICAL AGGRESSION-WAR AND CULTURAL SCIENCES: MAJOR SUBJECTS OF CULTURAL STUDIES ON THE SIDE OF CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DISCOURSE

100%

Boroch R.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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tom 22(22)

81-94

EN

The article discusses the issue of using applied anthropology for military purposes as a tool of gaining information and ideological advantage of one of the military or propaganda conflicting sides. Gaining advantage within information and ideological area enables one to influence and control social attitudes towards the authorities and put pressure on them through the public opinion which could intensify stratification within the scope of social life and, consequently, lead to social destabilisation of a state.

2

Dynamika tradycjonalizmu i nowoczesności

100%

Balandier G.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

|

2018

|

nr 11, Kulturowa historia wiedzy

355–366

XX

Translation based on: G. Balandier, Anthropologie politique, PUF, Paris 2004, ch. VII: "Tradition et modernité", part II: "Dynamique du traditionalisme et de la modernité", pp. 202-217. The reprint was made with the consent of the Presses Universitaires de France.

3

Tradycja, konformizm, historyczność

100%

Balandier G.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

|

2018

|

nr 11, Kulturowa historia wiedzy

345–354

XX

Translation based on: G. Balandier, Anthropo-logiques, PUF, Paris 1974, ch. IV: "Tradition, conformité, historicité", pp. 173-184. The reprint was made with the consent of the Presses Universitaires de France.

4

Ethnic Studies it the Czech Republic

100%

Uherek Z.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2017

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tom 27

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nr 5

56 - 64

EN

The term ethnic studies is not frequently used in the academic community of the Czech Republic. It is predominantly connected to the name of the Ethnic Studies Department at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and with texts produced by Czech ethnologists dealing with migrations, minorities and adjustment processes to the new environment (in the Czech academic texts of the second half of the 20th century, occasionally called „etnické procesy” [ethnic processes]). The author of this text scrutinizes the meaning of the concept of ethnic studies in the Czech context and poses the question what types of enquiries there have been so far. He compares the concept of ethnic studies in the Czech Republic and the USA, where ethnic studies departments originated in the 1960s and 1980s, and concludes that in the Czech Republic, in contrast to the United States, the theme of ethnic studies relates rather than the ethno-revivalist movements with social anthropological research into the dynamics of human relations and intercultural contacts, which were frequently called interethnic relations in the 1990s.

5

National Minority Organisations in Prague: structure, competence and social activities

88%

Sulitka A. , Uherek Z.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2015

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tom 25

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nr 5

3 - 17

EN

The focus of this text is on the assessment of the in-depth interviews which the authors of this article conducted in 2014 with the functionaries of important Prague minority associations associated in the House of National Minorities in Prague. The interviews concentrated on their attitudes to formal and informal institutions that the minorities form, on their opinion about the exercise of minority rights in Czech society, on the influence of the House of National Minorities on the club life in Prague and on the problems with administrative work which is necessary for club activity. Last but not least, the interviews focused on the financing of clubs and the political ambitions of their members. The interviews with the representatives of particular organizations showed diversity in the organizational structure of clubs and interest associations of particular minorities in Prague, and their different biases. The interviews showed a variety of strategies used in getting financial funding for the club activities and the resulting different financial security. The interviews also showed frequent problems with the infrastructure of the clubs. Quite a low level of legal consciousness of the interview participants was a significant piece of knowledge, although some of the participants take part in wider political life especially as members of political parties exceeding the minority groups. The authors of the article state in the conclusion that the opportunities for particular minorities to exercise their cultural and social needs through minority clubs are becoming differentiated. Without more purposeful support by the Czech Republic, especially the minority clubs bound to economically less successful countries will soon get into difficulties with their selection of services in comparison with the clubs bound to wealthier countries which fund the minority club activities in the Czech Republic.

6

Remembrance as Embodiment in Contemporary Polish Memories

88%

Diasio N.

Polish Sociological Review

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2013

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tom 183

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nr 3

389-402

EN

This article aims to draw attention to the importance of the body in the shaping of personal, family and national memories, and in the process of giving meaning to history and making it understandable, even in its contradictions. Through an ethnographic research carried out in Poland, the paper focus mainly on the construction of family resemblances as an embodied experience of the past, and an entry point for studies on collective and personal memories. Three points will be discussed. First, the relationship between body and memory occurs in the tension between history and heredity, the latter covering both social and biological transmissions. A second nexus between corporeality and memory in family narratives is constructed on a “gendered” and “ethnicized” image of the individual and the social body. Third, memory has been considered as a technique of the body involving senses and practical skills. The concept of embodiment then contributes to a more dynamic, performative and inter-subjective understanding of memory.

7

Aktywność NGO i FBO na Bliskim Wschodzie na tle innych obszarów Południa

88%

Mrozek-Dumanowska A.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2014

|

nr 3

197-209

EN

The NGOs or the Independent Citizen’s Organizations are the third – after the state and neo-liberal market structure – oficial sector distinguished by a formal organization. On the positive side of NGOs we could mention the numerous civil initiatives which advance public education and public debate on global affairs. Most NGOs undertook also projects to fight for more equitable distribution of planetary resources. In a postcolonial era some Western observers were of opinion that the sustainable development and the process of democratisation in Developing Countries, could be achieved mainly with the help of NGOs. But in the same time the models of NGOs activities, growing and shaped by the western patterns of economy and culture, were not properly understood and realized in the differentiated cultures of Developing Countries. The end of cold war and growing disappointment with globalization expanded the space for religious renewal. Alongside with the erosion of traditional identities and sources of authority, religion was able to furnish the empty space of people’s sence of security. In comparison with NGOs the religious social organizations, FBOs, have something qualitatively different to offer, particularly in terms of empowering people, e.g. giving them personal dignity and selfworthiness.

8

Knowledge and Behaviour

88%

Holý L.

Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)

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2014

|

tom 1

9-24

EN

Ladislav Holy argues in this paper that by virtue of the self-defining character of human activities, anthropological interpretation could proceed only on the basis of understanding indigenous categories and analysing activities in terms of those categories; imposition of outsiders’ analytic categories onto local concerns would only lead to confused analyses and the distorted representation of local systems of knowledge.

9

Národopis, etnografia, antropologia społeczna, antropologia kulturowa… Kilka uwag o historii nauk o kulturze w Czechach

88%

Zdrodowska M.

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nr 2(10)

163-182

EN

The article summarizes the history of the academic reflection on the culture research in Czech Republic from the beginnings of the národopis in the late 19th century till contemporary reflection on culture under the brand of anthropology. It covers the difficulties with defining the field of the research as well as the discipline name problem. The plurality of disciplines we can now observe in Czech cultural studies is explained in context of the social and political circumstances, especially the belonging to the soviet universum after the 2nd World War. Finally the article tries to explain the great difficulty with application of the Western, especially British, cultural studies into the postcommunist intellectual milieu.

10

Magia czasu wojny. Współczesne praktyki magiczne w perspektywie wojen XX wieku i konfliktu w Ukrainie

88%

Drozdowicz J.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

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2023

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nr 4(290)

129-143

EN

This article explores the issue of magical thinking and occult practices in the context of war. Especially in the wars of the 20th century and the current war in Ukraine, there are many examples of how magic is being used and referred to in war propaganda. The Russian accusations of Satanism and occult involvement in the 2022 phase of the war are striking examples of such phenomena. The article presents a theoretical approach to magic in social sciences, with a focus on social anthropology. However, a historical context is also revealed in which modern magical practices during times of war gain more significance and are placed within a broader social and political framework. This allows for drawing conclusions in the comparison between Russia’s current obsession with the occult and Nazi occultism in the first half of the 20th century.

11

O emotywności językowej z Bronisławem Malinowskim w tle

76%

Barański J.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2015

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nr 9

191-208

EN

One of the ways of understanding linguistic emotivity is taking into account an anthropological approach. The first anthropologist who recognized the emotive aspect of language was the founding father of social anthropology Bronisław Malinowski, thus forming the foundation for future ethnolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. According to the view of these subdisciplines the role of speech cannot be defined only in terms of phonology, morphology or syntax but also in terms of semantics and pragmatics. Taking into account all the above mentioned aspects of language allows finding out basic oppositional functions of language: referential andemotive. The latter one means the impact of cultural contexts on language (eg. religious cult vs academic lecture), as well as the creative role of language that shapes the nature of communication and culture itself. Anthropological studies are followed in this respect by discussed below some approaches of linguistics, literary studies, philosophy and sociology.

12

Greek and Other Aegean Mercenaries in the Archaic Age: Aristocrats, Common People, or Both?

75%

Iancu L. M.

|

2016

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tom 20

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nr 2

9-29

EN

Two issues regarding the social status of Archaic Greek (and other Aegean) mercenaries are discussed. The historiographical issue consists in exploring the reasons why the image of a limited participation restricted to the elites has until recently prevailed. The influence of social anthropology, which contributed to the development of a series of conceptual automatisms, is seen as the main cause for the emergence of the elitist thesis. The historical and anthropological issue consists in a summary re‑evaluation of the most appropriate and persuasive sources that provide clues for the broader social participation in mercenary activities.

13

Subjektivní reflexe reemigrace černobylských přesídlenců v lokalitě Kopidlno

75%

Šolcová L.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2012

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tom 99

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nr 2

151-172

EN

The aim of the following text was to intermediate the personal reflection of migrants of preponderantly Czech origin who were in the years 1991-1993 resettled from the former Soviet Union to the Czech Republic. Better to say, the article focuses on one specific group of these displaced persons who came in the year 1993 and have lived since then in the locality Kopidlno. The main aim of the text is to reflect the way how the refugees themselves at present assess the motivation for their leaving of the land of their forefathers, how they evaluate their adaptation and integration with respect to the locality in which they live, how did they cope with the „resettlement shock“ and how did they succeed in the „competition“ with the majority society, for example at work. The final part of the text presents the differences in assessment of the return migration process and in evaluation of the locality between the first and second generation of the return migrants. The text was based on repeated guided interviews and observations realized in the locality of Kopidlno during the years 2008-2010.

14

PŁEĆ KULTUROWA A PŁEĆ SZAMANA. PRZYPADEK KULTURY BURIACKIEJ

63%

Połeć W.

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tom 42

|

nr 1

145-159

EN

The subject of this article is a reflection on the bonds between the sex of a shaman and the concepts of gender prevailing in the culture in which we meet male and female shamans. Based on notions of differentiation of sexes among shamans, widespread in scientific and popular science literature, the author’s intention is to show intercultural conditionality of the position of female and male shamans. The presented analysis concentrates not so much on the discursive attitude towards the discussed topic as on the examination of social practices presenting functioning of gender in the studied culture. The article is based on the field study of the author and the group of researchers, consisting of both women and men, the latter which is an important context for the executed analysis. These considerations contribute to methodological thought within social anthropology. They may also be of use to anyone interested in intercultural comparisons within sociology and related areas of social studies.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest refleksja nad powiązaniem między płcią szamana czy też szamanki a koncepcjami płci kulturowej, które obowiązują w kulturze, w której spotykamy się z szamankami i szamanami. Wychodząc od rozpowszechnionych w literaturze naukowej oraz popularnonaukowej przekonań na temat zróżnicowania płci wśród szamanów autor stara się pokazać wewnątrzkulturowe uwarunkowania pozycji szamanek i szamanów. Prezentowana analiza skupia się nie tyle na dyskursywnym podejściu do omawianej problematyki, ale na badaniu praktyk społecznych pokazujących funkcjonowanie płci kulturowej w kulturze badanej. Artykuł opiera się na badaniach terenowych autora prowadzonych wraz z zespołem badaczy, w którego skład wchodziły zarówno kobiety jak i mężczyźni, co jest ważnym kontekstem dla przeprowadzonej analizy. Rozważania stanowią przyczynek do refleksji metodologicznej w ramach antropologii społecznej, ale mogą być pomocne również osobom zainteresowanym porównaniami międzykulturowymi w ramach socjologii i pokrewnych dziedzin nauk społecznych.

15

Porządek rytuału jako porządek życia. Błogosławieństwo rodziców przed ślubem w świetle analizy multimodalnej

63%

Rancew-Sikora D.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2019

|

nr 1(232)

133-165

PL

Celem artykułu było zbadanie szczegółowego przebiegu tradycyjnego rytuału błogosławieństwa rodziców przed ślubem w sytuacji, kiedy organizują go niewprawni uczestnicy, a znaczenie rytuału nie jest oczywiste w świetle zmian życia rodzinnego. Uznano, że badanie sposobu wykonania rytuału może powiedzieć coś ważnego o jego obecnym znaczeniu. Materiałem empirycznym były filmy weselne. Z wyjściowej bazy 50 filmów wybrano 20 sekwencji błogosławieństw, które poddano transkrypcji i analizie multimodalnej. W wyniku analizy pokazano, że charakterystyczna dla wykonania rytuału była niepewność uczestników, niekompletność i nadmiarowość gestów oraz ogólne zróżnicowanie ich form. Najważniejszym rysem organizacji rytuału w kontekście kształtowania relacji rodzinnych było odgrywanie jednakowości serii gestów rytualnych przez kolejnych wykonawców. Istotne były także nietypowe zmiany kolejności uczestników w sekwencjach rytuału. W dyskusji z koncepcjami, które ujmują kwestię społecznych oczekiwań wobec sposobu kształtowania rodziny w kontekście nierówności społecznych, podjęto próbę interpretacji znaczenia badanego rytuału dla zachowania tradycyjnego obrazu życia rodzinnego i zarazem ochrony statusu jej członków.

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze in detail the traditional ritual of wedding blessings, which are conducted by unskilled participants and often ambiguous in their meaning. The method of research was a multimodal analysis of 20 transcribed excerpts selected from 50 Polish wedding films. As a result, some characteristics of the ritual performance were identified, such as the uncertainty of the participants, the incompleteness and redundancy of gestures, and the general diversity of forms of enactment. In the context of family relations, the performance of a similar series of gestures by subsequent performers as well as order were most important. While discussing some concepts which connect the organization of family life with social inequalities and family ideologies, an attempt was made to interpret how the wedding blessing ritual could simultaneously preserve both the traditional image of family life and the status of its members.

16

Cygan czy Rom? Antropologiczna interpretacja sporu o słowa

63%

Nowicka E. , Witkowski M.

Studia Socjologiczne

|

2018

|

nr 3(230)

179-203

PL

Autorzy prac poświęconych mniejszości romskiej mają dylemat, jaką nazwą rozważanej grupy się posługiwać? W języku polskim to wybór między słowami „Romowie” i „Cyganie”. Wielu współczesnych liderów tej społeczności z Polski oczekuje posługiwania się wyłącznie nazwą „Romowie”, a określenie „Cyganie” traktuje jako pejoratywne i obraźliwe. Wśród polskich Romów są także zdecydowani przeciwnicy posługiwania się tą nazwą. Ten wewnętrzny etniczny spór splata się z romskimi dążeniami do uznania ich rozproszonej po świecie społeczności za naród i jest wyrazem emancypacji etnicznej oraz przemian, jakie wśród nich zachodzą, jak określa to Lech Mróz „romizacji Cyganów”. Autorzy tekstu starają się tę sytuację interpretować posługując się wynikami badań etnograﬁcznych przeprowadzonych w romskich wspólnotach w Polsce.

EN

The authors who study Roma minorities analyse the dispute over the name of this group. In the Polish language there are two names: “Romowie” (Roma) and “Cyganie” (“Gypsies”). Many contemporary leaders of this community consider only the name “Romowie” appropriate and expect it to be used to refer to the group, arguing the name exists in the Romani language. They consider the notion “Cyganie” pejorative. There are, however, many opponents to the name “Romowie” among Roma, too. The dispute that unfolds within the community interlinks with the efforts Roma make to achieve the recognition of their globally scattered community as a nation. It is also an evidence of ethnic emancipation and transformations that the community experiences and that have been coined ‘Romanisation of “Cyganie”’ by Lech Mróz. The authors set out to interpret this situation using ethnographic material gathered among the Roma communities in Poland.

17

Zarys personalizmu integralnego Wincentego Granata

63%

Kosche M.

Teologia w Polsce

|

2013

|

tom 7

|

nr 2

157-171

EN

The paper presents the outlines of integral personalism by W. Granat, Polish theologist and a late Rector of The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. Granat believed that the human being can be described adequate only in personalism, because only personalism indicates the person as a starting point of meaning the whole world. He connected the knowledge of man not only from theology but also from philosophy, sociology, psychology and medicine. In that way he built integral definition of human person. According to him the human being consists of three dimensions: psychological level, moral level and social level. This paper is composed of three parts, in which the author has taken into consideration the issue of methodology, philosophical anthropology and theological anthropology by W. Granat.

PL

Człowiek od dawna próbował rozumieć siebie samego oraz otaczający go świat. Historia ludzkiej myśli obfituje w wielu uczonych, którzy przy użyciu rozmaitych systemów filozoficznych, etycznych, społecznych czy religijnych, a w czasach najnowszych także za pomocą wysoko rozwiniętej aparatury technicznej, próbowali i próbują wyjaśnić fenomen człowieka. Na tym tle niezwykle interesująca jawi się droga personalistyczna. Stara się ona wyjaśnić istotę bycia człowiekiem za pomocą kategorii ściśle związanych z tym, co prawdziwie ludzkie: z jego doświadczeniem; z jego egzystencją; z relacjami, w których żyje i działa. Współczesna polska myśl antropologiczna posiada co najmniej kilku wybitnych przedstawicieli tego prądu. Jednym z nich był znakomity lubelski personalista i teolog Wincenty Granat.

18

Ecotheology in the service of religion and science

63%

Rabiej S.

Studia Oecumenica

|

2020

|

tom 20

PL

Celem tekstu jest ocena potencjału ekumenicznego różnych współczesnych ujęć ekoteologii, które próbują uwzględniać osiągnięcia nauk przyrodniczych i społecznych. Zarysowano efekty ekumenicznego zainteresowania Kościołów ekologią, rozumianą jako pewien styl myślenia i działania, uwzględniający dobro środowiska naturalnego. Dla przykładu przedstawiono dwie komplementarne koncepcje pochodzące ze środowiska zachodniego i wschodniego chrześcijaństwa: interdyscyplinarna ekoteologia Thomasa Berry oraz etycznie zorientowana ekoteologia wg Johna Zizioulasa.

EN

The aim of the text is to assess the ecumenical potential of various contemporary approaches to ecotheology, which try to take into account the achievements of natural and social sciences. It outlines the effects of the ecumenical interest of the Churches in ecology, understood as a certain style of thinking and acting, taking into account the good of the natural environment. The results of ecological interest in the Churches are discussed by numerous authors. For example, two complementary concepts from Western and Eastern Christianity are presented: Thomas Berry's Interdisciplinary Ecotheology and John Zizioulas' Ethically Oriented Ecotheology.

19

Ścieżki antropogenezy z perspektywy antropologii społecznej

63%

Vorbrich R.

Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

|

2023

|

tom 123

|

nr 3

214-219

PL

Recenzja książki: Barnard, Alan. Antropologia społeczna a pochodzenie człowieka [Social Anthropology and Human Origins]. Tłum. Olga Siara. Warszawa: Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 2022.

20

Zarys personalizmu integralnego Wincentego Granata

51%

Kosche M.

Teologia w Polsce

|

2013

|

nr 2

157-171

PL

Człowiek od dawna próbował rozumieć siebie samego oraz otaczający go świat. Historia ludzkiej myśli obfituje w wielu uczonych, którzy przy użyciu rozmaitych systemów filozoficznych, etycznych, społecznych czy religijnych, a w czasach najnowszych także za pomocą wysoko rozwiniętej aparatury technicznej, próbowali i próbują wyjaśnić fenomen człowieka. Na tym tle niezwykle interesująca jawi się droga personalistyczna. Stara się ona wyjaśnić istotę bycia człowiekiem za pomocą kategorii ściśle związanych z tym, co prawdziwie ludzkie: z jego doświadczeniem; z jego egzystencją; z relacjami, w których żyje i działa. Współczesna polska myśl antropologiczna posiada co najmniej kilku wybitnych przedstawicieli tego prądu. Jednym z nich był znakomity lubelski personalista i teolog Wincenty Granat

EN

The paper presents the outlines of integral personalism by W. Granat, Polish theologist and a late Rector of The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. Granat believed that the human being can be described adequate only in personalism, because only personalism indicates the person as a starting point of meaning the whole world. He connected the knowledge of man not only from theology but also from philosophy, sociology, psychology and medicine. In that way he built integral definition of human person. According to him the human being consists of three dimensions: psychological level, moral level and social level. This paper is composed of three parts, in which the author has taken into consideration the issue of methodology, philosophical anthropology and theological anthropology by W. Granat.