Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Pokrywa śnieżna w zachodniej części Beskidów Zachodnich

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Dyszy W. , Szyga-Pluta K.

Badania Fizjograficzne Seria A - Geografia Fizyczna

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2020

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nr 11 (71)

7-23

EN

The work presents the occurrence of snow cover in the western part of the Western Beskids in the years 1991–2020. We have analysed data from climate research stations of the IMGW-PIB located in Brenna, Laliki, Zawoja, Radziechowy (1991–2007)/Nowy Dwór (2008–2020). We calculated the number of days with snow cover for each winter seasons, the number of days with permanent snow cover, the potential duration of snow cover and the sum of seasonal snow cover thicknesses. The snowiness classes of Chrzanowski winters and the snowiness index of Paczos were determined from the sums of the thickness of the snow cover. The snowiest season was the 2005/06 winter season, while the thinnest snow cover was observed in the 2013/14 season. There are clear relationships between the height above sea level and the time of snow cover occurrence, as well as its thickness.

2

Wieloletnia zmienność pokrywy śnieżnej w Krakowie na tle zmian w obszarach podmiejskich

100%

Falarz M. , Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej Oddział w Krakowie

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PL

Analiza pokrywy śnieżnej w Krakowie w okresie 1921/22-1996/97 wykazała istnienie ujemnego trendu liczby dni z pokrywą śnieŻllą i brak wyrażnych tendencji w przypadku maksymalnych grubości i sum grubości pokrywy śnieżnej w sezonach zimowych. Stwierdzono wyraŻlly spadek wartości liczbowych charakterystyk pokrywy śnieżnej w Krakowie od początku lat sześćdziesiątych. Badano szeregi czasowe pokrywy śnieżnej dla kilku stacji zamiejskich pracujących w tym okresie. Dla pięciu, z sześciu wziętych pod uwagę, stacji spadek wartości maksymalnych grubości pokrywy śnieżnej okazał się wolniejszy niż obserwowanych w centrum Krakowa.

EN

An analysis of snow cover in Cracow during the period 1921/22-1996/97 indicated a negative time trend for number of days with snow cover and lack of clear tendencies in maximum depth and sum of daily snow cover depths during winter seasons. A considerable decrease in all snow cover characteristics in Cracow from the beginning of the '60s was found. The snow cover time-series for several suburban stations recorded during this period· were analysed. For five, among six stations under considerations, a decrease in maximum snow cover appeared to be slower than that observed in the Cracow city centre.

3

Snow cover in the vicinity of Arctowski Station, King George Island, in winter 1991

100%

Gonera P. , Rachlewicz G. , Gonera P. , Rachlewicz G.

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nr 1

4

Review of Polish contribution to snow cover research (1880–2017)

100%

Falarz M. , Nowosad M. , Bednorz E. , Rasmus S.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2018

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tom 37

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nr 1

7-22

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the development of multifaceted research on snow cover conducted by Polish researchers in various parts of the world since the end of the 19th century up to the modern times. The paper describes Polish studies on physical and chemical properties of snow cover, its long-term changes, relationships between snow cover and climate, impact of snow cover on environmental conditions and human activity. This work is also an attempt to show the contribution of Polish snow-related research to the international achievements in this fields.

5

Chemical properties of snow cover as an impact indicator for local air pollution sources

100%

Jarzyna K. , Kozłowski R. , Szwed M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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tom nr IV/2

1591--1607

EN

In this article, selected physical and chemical properties of water originating from melted snow collected in the area of the city of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (Poland) in January 2017 were determined. The analysed samples of snow were collected at 18 measurement sites located along the axis of cardinal directions of the world and with a central point in the urban area of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski in January 2017. Chemical composition was determined using the Dionex ICS 3000 Ion Chromatograph at the Environmental Research Laboratory of the Chair of Environmental Protection and Modelling at the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. The obtained results indicated a substantial contribution of pollutants produced by a local steelworks in the chemical composition of melted snow.

6

Review of Polish contribution to snow cover research (1880–2017)

100%

Falarz M. , Nowosad M. , Bednorz E. , Rasmus S.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2018

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tom 37

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nr 1

7-22

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the development of multifaceted research on snow cover conducted by Polish researchers in various parts of the world since the end of the 19th century up to the modern times. The paper describes Polish studies on physical and chemical properties of snow cover, its long-term changes, relationships between snow cover and climate, impact of snow cover on environmental conditions and human activity. This work is also an attempt to show the contribution of Polish snow-related research to the international achievements in this fields.

7

Związek krótkookresowych zmian miąższości pokrywy śnieżnej na Lodowcu Avatsmarka (NW Spitsbergen) z parametrami meteorologicznymi wiosną 2001 i 2002 roku

88%

Grabiec M.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2004

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tom nr 14

107-126

EN

The work has been intended to determine relations between short-term changes of the snow cover thickness on the glacier and meteorological parameters recorded on the glacier and in the glacier vicinity. Short-term relations are regarded as connections between variations of the snow depth on the glacier and the course of meteorological factors in a scale of up to 24-hours. Detailed snow and meteorological measurements were carried out on the equilibrium line (364 m a.s.l.) of Aavatsmark Glacier (NW Spitsber-gen) in two periods: 11 - 30th April 2001 and 12th April - 5th May 2002. The thickness of snow was investigated with the use of Sonic Ranging Sensor SR50 Campbell Scientific Ltd. Meteorological data comes from an automatic weather station located on the glacier?s surface and from meteorological sites on Kaffioyra and Ny-Alesund. All measurements were taken in 10-minute step. Short-term changes of the snow thickness on glaciers in winter seasons are influenced by the precipitation and snow transport. The wind power determines the scale of snow transport. In consequence, the increase of wind speed causes higher intensity of changes of the snow level. The intensity of changes of the snow depth within the range from 0 to 8ˇ10-6 m/s is connected with the average wind speed of 4 m/s and changes intensity over 17ˇ10-6 m/s accompanied the average wind speed 8.7 m/s. The appearance of precipitation in daily or longer time-scale causes the increase of snow thickness and the weakness of relations between changes of the snow depth and the wind speed. In a time-scale of several hours the snow supply leads to the increase of both intensity and amplitude of snow level changes. Significant increase of the intensity and amplitude of changes of snow depth took place over the average wind speed 5 m/s in days without precipitation and over 8 m/s in days with snowfall. Short-term changes of the snow thickness are constrained by availability of an unconsolidated, easy-to-transport material. The major part of that material comes from precipitation. As a result short-term changes of the snow depth are more noticeable during days with precipitation. A thin crust layer on the snow surface has been formed as a result of friction of air masses and snow particles. In emergence of the positive tempe-rature and good radiation conditions in the upper snow layer ice crust can be formed. After stabilization of the snow cover even powerful wind gust can?t start transporting the material and short-term changes of the snow thickness are limited.

8

Contemporary Climate Changes in the High Mountain Part of the Tatras

88%

Żmudzka E.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2011

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tom 15

93-102

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the contemporary changes of precipitation and nival conditions in the high-mountain area of Tatras. Main features of thermal climate changes are the background of this investigation. The study makes use of the daily data from the weather station on Kasprowy Wierch Mt. from the years 1966-2006. Various climate characteristics were considered. The increase of the air temperature is not accompanied by significant changes in precipitation conditions. The signs of the more continentality climate features are also visible. The warming and a slight decrease in precipitation and the evolution of circulation conditions significantly influence the length of the period with the snow cover and not significantly its depth.

9

Wybrane uwarunkowania rozwoju turystyki i rekreacji na Zamojszczyźnie

88%

Samborski A.

Facta Simonidis

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2013

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nr 6

267-280

PL

Atrakcyjność turystyczna, możliwość rekreacji i czynnego wypoczynku w dowolnym miejscu lub regionie zależy od wielu czynników. W pracy scharakteryzowano przebieg wybranych elementów meteorologicznych i charakterystyk klimatologicznych, które mają wpływ na wypoczynek i rekreację na wolnym powietrzu. Na podstawie danych ze stacji meteorologicznych funkcjonujących na Zamojszczyźnie wyznaczono terminy letniego i zimowego okresu korzystania z walorów wypoczynkowych i krajobrazowych. Obliczono częstość występowania wielkości ochładzającej powietrza w Zamościu w okresie letnim oraz liczbę dni ze zjawiskami atmosferycznymi, które sprzyjały uprawianiu turystyki na tym terenie lub ją ograniczały (liczba dni z deszczem, mgłą lub burzą).

EN

Tourist attraction, recreation and activities at any place or region depend on many factors. In this essay the author presents certain meteorological and climatological characteristics which have a crucial impact on leisure and recreation in the open air. The summer and winter outdoor leisure time are defined on the basis of data gathered from meteorological stations operating in the Zamość region. Thanks to it the frequency of cooling factors which create favourable or unfavourable conditions for outdoor tourism in the summer time in Zamość (the number of rainy, foggy and stormy days), and the number of days with meteorological phenomena has been calculated.

10

Analysis of snow pollutants in an industrial urban zone near the city of Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski

75%

Kozłowski R. , Szwed M. , Jarzyna K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2018

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tom Vol. 25, nr 1

7--18

EN

In melted snow samples collected in the vicinity of the ironworks in Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski, physicochemical properties and chemical composition were determined for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Al, Fe) as well as major cations and anions. The industrial plant was the centre of the field studies, and the remaining snow sampling sites were located along the north-south and east-west axis. In total, 18 snow samples were collected on 31st Jan. 2017 (Fig. 1). At that time, a snow cover had been remaining in the vicinity of the plant for over four weeks, which allowed for deposition of pollutants, including metallurgical dust containing, among others, heavy metals. Concentrations of dissolved metal forms were analysed using an ICP-MS-TOF spectrometer. The highest concentrations were reported for iron (mean value: 62.50 •g • dm–3), zinc (57.14 •g • dm–3), manganese (15.51 •g • dm–3), aluminium (8.10 •g • dm–3) and copper (1.72 •g • dm–3). Concentrations of lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt and nickel did not exceed 1 •g • dm–3. The results of analyses as well as spatial distribution of concentrations of some heavy metals in the collected snow samples indicated a clear impact of the emission of air pollutants by the ironworks in Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski on its immediate surroundings.

PL

W stopionych próbkach śniegu, pobranych w rejonie huty żelaza w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim oznaczono właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne i skład chemiczny za zawartość metali ciężkich (Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Al, Fe) oraz głównych kationów i anionów. Zakład przemysłowy stanowił centralny punkt badań terenowych, pozostałe punkty poboru prób śniegu zlokalizowano wzdłuż osi północ–południe i wschód–zachód. Łącznie w dniu 31.01.2017 r. pobrano 18 próbek. W tym czasie pokrywa śnieżna zalegała w otoczeniu zakładu już ponad cztery tygodnie, co pozwoliło na depozycję zanieczyszczeń, w tym pyłów hutniczych zawierających m.in. metale ciężkie. Stężenia rozpuszczonych form metali analizowano za pomocą spektrometru ICP-MS-TOF. Najwyższą zawartość odnotowano dla żelaza (średnia 62,50 •g • dm–3), cynku (57,14 •g • dm–3), manganu (15,51 •g • dm–3), glinu (8,10 •g • dm–3) oraz miedzi (1,72 •g • dm–3). Stężenia ołowiu, kadmu, chromu, kobaltu i niklu nie przekroczyły 1 •g • dm–3. Wyniki analiz, jak i przestrzenny rozkład stężeń niektórych metali w pobranych próbkach śniegu, wskazują na wyraźne oddziaływanie emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza przez hutę żelaza w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim na otoczenie.

11

Snow cover occurrences in Poland

75%

Kasprowicz T. , Farat R.

Acta Agrophysica. Rozprawy i Monografie

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2010

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nr 4[183]

12

Geospatial Assessment of Regression Analysis Between the Hydrocarbon Content in Surface Waters and Snow Cover on the Example of the Territories of the Far North of Russia

75%

Martynova N. , Budarova V. , Kravchenko V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, nr 3

74--83

EN

The article presents the generalized results obtained from the analysis of oil pollution of surface waters in the fields of the Far North. The research considered the administrative territorial division of the Russian Federation, the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (KhMAO). The results of the study performed on the basis of field data on sampling for the year were presented. The influence of the hydrocarbon content in surface waters and snow cover was assessed. The aim of the work was to consider the snow cover as a natural source of pollutants, affecting the accumulation in surface waters and snow cover. The results obtained can be used for subsequent observations of snow cover and surface waters. The data obtained can serve as a basis for planning further research and developing the solutions for environmental protection in the Far North. The analysis of the dependencies between the indicators of hydrocarbon pollution in surface waters and snow cover was carried out using the methods of correlation and parametric multivariate regression analysis. The methods of geoinformation analysis and GIS technologies were also used in the work. It was revealed that the problem of the state of snow cover and its role as an indicator of atmospheric and soil pollution require further research. On the one hand, the snow cover detains metals, and polluted soil areas are formed locally, on the other hand, after the snow melts, the pollutants remaining on the surface with surface runoff enter rivers and are carried by the wind for quite long distances.

13

Wpływ pokrywy śnieżnej na termikę i grubość warstwy czynnej zmarzliny w obszarze tundrowym rejonu Polskiej Stacji Polarnej (SW Spitsbergen)

75%

Dolnicki P.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2002

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tom nr 12

107-116

EN

This dissertation depicts the results of a research carried out from 02.09.2000 to 02.09.2001on the thermic and thickness of permafrost active layer in the area/region of Hornsund fiord on South Spitsbergen. The full collection of data gathered during the whole year of carrying outthe research allows to observe the freezing, melting and the dynamics of the process during that period of time. It was shown that there is a great connection between the temperature of the vertical profile of the active layer and the snow cover especially between thick snowdrifts behind terrain obstacles where the snow cover lies longer, even until the second decade of July. It was noticed that the defrosted ground there reaches 85 cm, whereas in the areas where the snow cover melts faster the depth of the defrosted ground reaches 140-145 cm. On the basis of the research it was shown that the influence of the snow cover on the development and thermal phenomena of the active layer is much greater than it was known before. The characteristic structure of major wind directions and the shape of area raised marine terrace, nearby the Polish Polar Station cause the formation of snowdrifts in the same places every year. It leads to a special differentiation of the freezing process of the ground. On the basis of the photographs and the teledetective data there was drawn a map of the snowdrifts arrangement for the area being under research. The thickness of the active layer under snowdrifts is smaller. Moreover, the presented results also suggest that the potential increase in snowfall, resulting in thicker layer of the snow cover , may cause changes in the development and special differentiation of the active layer in the area of longlasting permafrost.

14

The physico-chemical properties of the snow cover of Spitsbergen (Svalbard) based on investigations during the winter season 1990/1991

75%

Głowacki P. , Pulina M. , Głowacki P. , Pulina M.

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15

Detection of snow cover on the area of Poland using AVHRR-NOAA satellite information

75%

Struzik P. , Paszotta Z.

Acta Academiae Agriculturae ac Technicae Olstenensis. Geodaesia et Ruris Regulatio

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1997

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nr 27

37-48

EN

During last two years in Satellite Data Receiving and Processing Centre in Krakow, the method of snow cover detection was prepared and tested. This method is based on information from visible and infrared channels of the AVHRR instrument. Detection of the snow cover consist of: real time receiving of daytime AVHRR transmission, selection of appropriate area in all AVHRR channels, calibration of visible and infrared channels, snow cover detection and cloud masking, transformation of classified image to map projection and insertion of the coast lines to distinguish land snow and sea ice. Most important part of this method concern separation of snow and clouds especially on images with low Sun elevation. Use of the all five AVHRR channels and correction of the Sun elevation and Sun to sensor position are necessary. For good snow detection in forest area, classified image with types of ground cover is used as mask. This image were prepared using temporal profiles of vegetation indices calculated from AVHRR data on the area of Poland. In case of partial cloudiness, composition of several classified and geometrically corrected images is available.

PL

W ciągu ostatnich dwóch lat w Ośrodku Odbioru i Przetwarzania Danych Satelitarnych w Krakowie opracowano i przetestowano metodę określania zasięgu pokrywy śnieżnej. Metoda ta wykorzystuje informację z widzialnych i podczerwonych kanałów spektralnych radiometru AVHRR. Detekcja pokrywy śnieżnej składa się z następujących zadań: rejestracja transmisji satelitarnej AVHRR w czasie rzeczywistym, selekcja właściwego obszaru terytorialnego we wszystkich kanałach AVHRR, kalibracja kanałów w paśmie widzialnym i w podczerwieni, detekcja pokrywy śnieżnej i maskowanie obszarów zachmurzonych, transformacja sklasyfikowanego obrazu do siatki mapy i wprowadzenie konturów lądów dla rozróżnienia śniegu i pokrywy lodowej. Najistotniejszym elementem tej metody jest separacja śniegu od chmur szczególnie dla obrazów zarejestrowanych przy niskiej elewacji Słońca. Niezbędne jest wykorzystanie wszystkich 5 kanałów spektralnych AVHRR, korekcja elewacji Słońca i geometrii pomiaru. Dla poprawnej detekcji śniegu na obszarach leśnych stosowana jest maska z rodzajem pokrycia terenu opracowane na podstawie klasyfikacji obrazów satelitarnych. W przypadku częściowego zachmurzenia dostępna jest kompozycja z kilku obrazów satelitarnych skorygowanych geometrycznie.

16

Charakterystyka warunków śniegowych dla uprawiania narciarstwa na Pogórzu Wielickim

75%

Pełech S.

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nr 128

17-28

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena warunków śniegowych na potrzeby uprawiania narciarstwa w Gaiku-Brzezowej (Pogórze Wielickie). Podstawę opracowania stanowią codzienne pomiary grubości pokrywy śnieżnej w okresie 1988–2011. Rozpatrzono okres występowania, liczbę dni i grubość pokrywy śnieżnej. Klasyfikację śniegu narciarskiego przyjęto za Łobożewiczem (1979): >10 cm dla narciarstwa biegowego i >20 cm dla narciarstwa zjazdowego. Stwierdzono, że warunki te na Pogórzu Wielickim są niezbyt korzystne, ale umożliwiają uprawianie narciarstwa.

EN

The author analysed snow conditions required for skiing at Gaik-Brzezowa (Wielicczka Foothills, southern Poland). The basic data included daily snow-cover depth measurements from the period 1988–2011. Depths of snow cover accepted as necessary for skiing are, after Łobożewicz, >10 cm for cross-country and >20 cm for downhill skiing. The seasonal snow cover features calculated in the study included: the timing of snow cover occurrence, days with snow cover, days with both types of skiing-depth snow cover, days without either of the depths, total snow cover depth, average snow cover depth and the probability of snow cover occurrence in each month. Minimum, maximum and average values of each of those were also calculated. The author concluded that the snow cover conditions were below the standard for downhill skiing and sufficient for cross-country skiing. Downhill skiing requires extensive infrastructure, much greater than that for cross-country skiing, and the natural snow condition of the area are too weak to quarantee the efficiency of such an investment. Cross-country skiing has a better chance to develop here. This potential is enhanced by the varied relief of the area and its attractive landscape.

17

Właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne śniegu na terenie miasta Kielce w styczniu 2016 roku

75%

Kozłowski R. , Szwed M. , Przybylska J.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2017

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tom Vol. 11, No. 1

185--191

PL

Określono właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne pokrywy śnieżnej zalegającej w miejskiej strefie Kielc. Analizie poddano próbki śniegu z 14 stanowisk skupionych na osiedlu Pod Telegrafem, z silną presją antropogeniczną związaną z funkcjonowaniem stoku narciarskiego, parkingu samochodowego dla narciarzy oraz niskiej emisji z domków jednorodzinnych. W stopionych próbkach oznaczono właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne oraz skład chemiczny za pomocą chromatografu jonowego DIONEX ICS 3000. Uzyskane wartości pH oraz stężeń Cl, Na i Ca wskazują na wyraźny udział różnokierunkowej presji antropogenicznej na środowisko przyrodnicze.

EN

The physical and chemical properties of snow cover in the urban area of Kielce have been determined in this paper. Snow samples from 14 samples locations Pod Telegrafem were analyzed, with strong anthropogenic pressure associated with the ski slope, the car park for skiers, and the low emissions from detached houses. Fused samples identified physicochemical properties and chemical composition by means of DIONEX ICS 3000 ion chromatograph. The pH values and concentrations of Cl, Na and Ca show a clear contribution of the differentiated anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment.

18

Wybrane uwarunkowania rozwoju turystyki i rekreacji na Zamojszczyźnie

75%

Samborski A.

Facta Simonidis

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2013

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tom 6

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nr 1

267-279

EN

Tourist attraction, recreation and activities at any place or region depend on many factors. In this essay the author presents certain meteorological and climatological characteristics which have a crucial impact on leisure and recreation in the open air. The summer and winter outdoor leisure time are defined on the basis of data gathered from meteorological stations operating in the Zamość region. Thanks to it the frequency of cooling factors which create favourable or unfavourable conditions for outdoor tourism in the summer time in Zamość (the number of rainy, foggy and stormy days), and the number of days with meteorological phenomena has been calculated.

PL

Atrakcyjność turystyczna, możliwość rekreacji i czynnego wypoczynku w dowolnym miejscu lub regionie zależy od wielu czynników. W pracy scharakteryzowano przebieg wybranych elementów meteorologicznych i charakterystyk klimatologicznych, które mają wpływ na wypoczynek i rekreację na wolnym powietrzu. Na podstawie danych ze stacji meteorologicznych funkcjonujących na Zamojszczyźnie wyznaczono terminy letniego i zimowego okresu korzystania z walorów wypoczynkowych i krajobrazowych. Obliczono częstość występowania wielkości ochładzającej powietrza w Zamościu w okresie letnim oraz liczbę dni ze zjawiskami atmosferycznymi, które sprzyjały uprawianiu turystyki na tym terenie lub ją ograniczały (liczba dni z deszczem, mgłą lub burzą).

19

Factors affecting daily ranges of red deer Cervus elaphus in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland

75%

Kamler J. F. , Jedrzejewska B. , Jedrzejewski W.

Acta Theriologica

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2007

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tom 52

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nr 2

EN

Daily ranges of 19 (6 males, 13 females) adult red deerCervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 were studied using 24-h tracking sessions in Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF), Poland, from 2001 to 2004. Overall, size of mean (± SE) daily ranges was larger for males (1.22 ± 0.10 km2) than females (1.00 ± 0.09 km2), although the difference was not significant. Similarly, mean daily ranges were 6–46% larger for males than females in each season, although there were no statistical differences in mean daily ranges among seasons for each sex. Abiotic factors, especially temperature, significantly affected daily ranges of females, but not males, suggesting sexual differences in response to weather variables. On a daily basis, males used 3% of their annual home range, whereas females used 12% of their annual home range, indicating females used their annual home ranges more intensely than males. Consecutive daily ranges overlapped little for each sex. Daily ranges of red deer in BPF were considerably larger than previously reported in Europe, suggesting factors unique to BPF also influenced size of daily ranges.

20

Zróżnicowanie albedo Lodowca Scotta (W Spitsbergen)

63%

Siwek K. , Gluza A. , Bartoszewski S.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2004

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tom nr 14

127-132

EN

The aim of the present study was the quantitative determination of ?albedo? which is a significant factor influencing the balance of short-wave radiation. The value of surface albedo allows to determine its role in the heat balance of the active surface which in turns influences the ablation level. Studies on the accumulation and ablation conditions of the snow cover commenced on Scott?s Glacier in 1987. On average, the thickness of the frontal part decreased by 75 m, i.e. 2.7 m annually. Decession of the glacier was confirmed by studies carried out in 2001 during which it was found that Scott?s Glacier had decreased in its surface area by over 10% in the period 1986?2001. Three types of active surfaces, i.e.: land, ice and water, play a significant role in the radiation balance of the Arctic. During the summer months practically all the heat reaching the surface of the earth is taken up in thawing the ice. In the summer of 2001, a substantial variation of albedo occurred on Scott?s Glacier. The above changes depended to a large extent on the physical properties of the glacier?s surface. High spatial differentiation of albedo was also observed in the period studied (i.e. the summer of 2001). The lowest values (15-25%) occurred at the front of the glacier which was covered with ice and numerous kryokonite smelts filled with water or polluted with morenic or eolic material. Somewhat higher values (40-60%) were found in the supraglacial river valleys and in the zone of surface water deposits as they turned into slush. The highest albedo values occurred in the firn field where leveled snow, often firn, or fresh wind-blown snow was deposited (60-85%). After the precipitation of the fresh, clean snow, albedo increased and reached values above 88%.