Physicochemical composition of surface waters is a dynamic phenomenon, among others dependent on climatic and biological factors. Human utilization, including the use of catchment area definitely affects the disturbances of this natural changeability. Small water reservoirs are particularly sensitive to anthropopressure, susceptible to degradation and in extreme cases even to disappearance. The object of research was an assessment of differences in concentrations of selected water quality indices in the reservoirs in catchments of various land use and their seasonal changes. In order to realize the assumed objective, four endorheic basins with various forms of land use in their vicinity, including settlement and agricultural, agricultural, agro-forestry and forestry catchments were selected. The research demonstrated that some of the substances tested in the waters of the discussed reservoirs (O2, NO2¯, NO3¯, NH4+ and SO42¯), like pH, revealed significant seasonal fluctuations between the summer and winter half years. A possible cause of this phenomenon may result from variable atmospheric conditions in respective half years. Lower concentration of nitrogen compounds in the summer half-year may be explained by their intensified uptake by vegetation. In the winter period, when vegetation is inhibited, a clear reconstruction of dissolved nitrogen salt resources ensues. The use, as the factor modifying fluctuations of the analyzed ions concentrations, was best noticeable for reservoirs located in settlement and agricultural or agricultural catchment. The changes referred especially to water salinity indices. It should be noted, that the complexity of the environmental spatial processes causes that explicit indicating the causes of seasonal fluctuations of the substances dissolved in water is complicated.
W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę stosunków wodnych i ocenę zmienności zasobów retencji glebowej na terenie Parku Południowego we Wrocławiu. Oceny tej dokonano na podstawie pomiarów uwilgotnienia gleby wykonanych w roku 2012 i 2013 oraz wyników badań prowadzonych na tym terenie w latach wcześniejszych. Pomiary wilgotności przeprowadzono metodą TDR w powierzchniowej warstwie gleby 0–25 cm oraz 25–50 cm, w kilkudziesięciu punktach (ok. 60) na terenie całego parku. Pozwoliło to na wygenerowanie map przestrzennego rozkładu uwilgotnienia gleby. Na ich podstawie stwierdzono, że na powierzchni parku występuje zauważalne zróżnicowanie zasobów retencji gromadzonych w glebie. Wyraźnie wyższe wartości uwilgotnienia obserwowano w pobliżu stawu parkowego. Przeprowadzone badania i analizy wskazują, że nadmierne uwilgotnienie w badanych profilach glebowych na terenie parku występuje zazwyczaj w okresie wiosennym i po nawalnych deszczach. Największy wpływ na kształtowanie zasobów retencji glebowej ma wielkość oraz rozkład opadów atmosferycznych.
EN
The paper presents the characteristics of water relations and assessment of changeability of soil retention resources in the Southern Park in Wrocław. The assessment was done on the basis of measurements of soil water content in 2012 and 2013 also the results of field investigations from earlier years were taken into account. The measurements of soil water content were done using TDR method in the upper soil layers 0–25 cm and 25–50 cm in several dozen points (about 60) on the area of Park. It allowed to generate the maps of spatial distribution of soil water content. It was found that on the area of park there was observable diversity of retention resources accumulated in soils. Explicitly higher values of moisture were observed in the vicinity of park pond. The researches and analyses showed that excessive water content in analyzed soils in the area of Park occurred usually in spring and after torrential rains. The value and distribution of precipitation had the highest influence on soil retention resources forming.
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