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Zastosowanie analizy wieloskalowej do detekcji ludzkiej skóry w obrazach cyfrowych

100%

Jarosiński Ł. , Kawulok M.

2011

tom Vol. 32, nr 2A

565-577

Celem prac przedstawionych w niniejszym artykule była poprawa precyzji detekcji ludzkiej skóry w obrazach cyfrowych na podstawie barwy. Wcześniejsze badania autorów wskazywały na możliwość znacznej redukcji błędów segmentacji poprzez zastosowanie analizy obszarów spójnych. W ramach prezentowanych prac zastosowany został mechanizm wieloskalowej analizy ekstremów lokalnych w obrazie transformacji falkowej, pozwalający na wybranie tych obszarów spójnych, które istotnie przedstawiają ludzką skórę. Przedstawione wyniki badań eksperymentalnych potwierdziły skuteczność proponowanych rozwiązań.

This paper is focused on improving color-based human skin detection in digital images. Our earlier works indicated that the segmentation errors can be significantly reduced using blob detection. The main contribution of this work is the multiscale analysis of local extrema in the wavelet domain, which allows selecting the blobs that indeed represent the human skin. The experimental results have confirmed that the proposed method is effective and reduces the segmentation error.

Wpływ surfaktantów na zwilżalność ciał stałych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem skóry ludzkiej

84%

Harkot J. , Jańczuk B.

2007

tom [Z] 61, 9-10

707-731

This paper reviews wetting phenomena in relation to different types of solids and human skin in the presence of surfactants. Wettability of solids by surfactants is important for many technological applications. The addition of surfactants is necessary to achieve a better wettability of a given solid. In the first part of this article the definition of a contact angle and an interfacial tension along with methods of their determination is presented. Next, a relationship between a liquid--air, a solid-air and a solid-liquid interfacial tensions and wettability of solids is shown. Three types of wetting are discussed in this work: a spreading wetting, an adhesional wetting, and an immersional wetting. Wettability forces of hard surface and powders are also described in this part of the article. In the third part of the article main aspects related to the solids critical surface tension of wetting are presented. Different problems of solids' wetting critical surface tension are described, since there is still no unambiguous method to determine this value. Later, based on the Lucassen-Reynolds equation we described the dependence between the adsorption of surfactants at the interfaces, mainly in a solid-water-air systems and wetting of solids, because they are both strongly related. From this equation the slope of a plot of ?LVcos? (adhesion tension) versus ?LV (surface tension) gives us the information about the surface concentration of the surfactant at water-air and a solid-water interfaces in a solid--water-air system including both non-polar (low-energy) and polar (high-energy) solids. We have also shown that in the case of hydrophobic solids, for several types of surfactants, there is a constant negative slope of ?LV cos?-?LV curve. However, for high-energy polar solids the positive slope of this curve is observed and there is no linear dependence between adhesional and surface tension. Thus, for a high energy solid-aqueous surfactant solution-air systems it is difficult to establish synonymous mutual relationships between the adsorption of surfactant at a solid-air, a solid-liquid and a liquid-air interfaces and wettability of high-energy hydrophilic solids. At the end we presented main problems dealing with wettability of human skin surface, which is the most important factor of the skin protective function. It minimizes water loose, prevents entry of a foreign matter and chemicals, and defines smoothness and elasticity of the skin. Surprisingly, this subject has received a little attention in the literature. The human skin surface, after the extraction of sebum (skin surface lipids) belongs to hydrophobic surfaces (low-energy) in terms of critical surface tension and polar and dispersion components of a free surface energy. El-Shimi and Goddard compared the skin surface with polymer surfaces such as polyvinylchloride, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene, but we have to remember that the human skin is a living matter and in the presence of sebum becomes hydrophilic. In order to remove this fatty film from the skin surface cleansing products, which contain many various surfactants, are used. Good wetting and cleansing effects of such products depend on surfactants ability to adsorb on the skin surface and reduce an interfacial tension at water-skin interface in skin-water-air system.