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Nonmetallic Inclusions in a New Alloy for Single-Crystal Permanent Magnets

100%

Belyaev I. V. , Bazhenov V. E. , Kireev A. V. , Moiseev A. V.

tom Vol. 18, iss. 2

11--14

The morphology, chemical composition and formation mechanism of non-metallic inclusions in magnetic alloy of Fe-Co-Ni-Cu-Al-Ti-Hf system were investigated. These alloys are used in manufacturing single-crystal permanent magnets. Modern methods for the identification of non-metallic inclusions, as well as computer simulation of the processes of their formation by Thermo Calc software were used in the work. It was found that studied alloy contains (Ti, Hf)S titanium and hafnium sulfides, (Ti, Hf)2SC titanium and hafnium carbosulfides, Ti2O2S titanium oxisulfide, HfO2 hafnium oxide, and Al2O3 aluminum oxide. No titanium and hafnium nitrides were found in the alloy. The bulk of nonmetallic inclusions are (Ti, Hf)2SC carbosulfides and (Ti, Hf)S sulfides. All carbides and many oxides are within carbosulfides and sulfides. When the sulfur content in the alloy is no more than 0.2%, and carbon content does not exceed 0.03%, carbosulfides are formed in the solidification range of the alloy and has an faceted compact form. If the sulfur content in the alloy becomes more than 0.2% and carbon content more than 0.03%, the carbosulfide formation begins before the alloy solidification or at the beginning stages of solidification. In this case, carbosulfides are dendritic and coarse. Such carbosulfides actively float in the solidified melt and often come to the surface of the castings. In this case, specific surface defects are formed in single-crystal magnets, which are called sulfide stains. All titanium and hafnium sulfides are formed at the lower part of solidification range and have elongated shape.

Investigation of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect by the acoustic emission

84%

Grzegorczyk B. , Ozgowicz W. , Kalinowska-Ozgowicz E. , Kowalski A.

tom Vol. 60, nr 1

7--14

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine the relation existing between the behaviour of the signals of acoustic emissions generated in the course of plastic deformation at elevated temperature, and the shape of the work-hardening curves σ-ε and the Portevin - Le Chatelier effect. Design/methodology/approach: Single crystal was investigated applying the method of free compression at a constant strain rate and a temperature within the range from 20°C to 400°C at a strain rate of 10-5 sec-1to 10-1 sec-1, simultaneously recording this phenomenon by means of acoustic emission. Findings: The analysis of the results of these investigations permitted to prove considerable relations between the work-hardening curve σ-ε displaying the PLC effect and the characteristics of the signals of the acoustic emission generated in the uniaxial compression. Practical implications: The AE method applied in the process of plastic deformation of single crystals of the alloy CuZn30 displays also a dependence of the activity of acoustic emissions on the stage of strain-hardening of the investigated alloy. Originality/value: In the range of the occurrence of the PLC effect during the compression test of the investigated single crystals the signal AE displays a cyclic character, distinctly correlated qualitatively with the oscillations of stresses on the curve σ-ε.

Nanosłupki ZnO o wysokiej jakości : technologia i zastosowania

84%

Witkowski B. S. , Wachnicki Ł. , Gierałtowska S. , Kaszewski J. , Godlewski M.

tom Vol. 55, nr 9

36-38

Praca przedstawia nową metodę wzrostu nanosłupków ZnO z roztworu wodnego. Metoda pozwala na wzrost nanosłupków ZnO wysokiej jakości w bardzo krótkim czasie (1-3 minuty), przy czym jest tania (zarówno prekursory jak i aparatura) i nie wykorzystuje toksycznych materiałów. Wzrost odbywa się w zaledwie 50şC przy ciśnieniu atmosferycznym w roztworze wodnym ocatnu cynku. Podłoże użyte w procesie musi być pokryte nanostrukturami złota, które zarodkują wzrost (możliwe są jednak inne metody zarodkowania wzrostu, nie wymagające użycia złota). Metoda wykorzystuje wodę i octan cynku jako prekursory. Metoda charakteryzuje się dużą powtarzalnością, dzięki czemu może zostać potencjalnie wykorzystana w przemyśle do masowej produkcji matryc nanosłupków ZnO na różnych podłożach, m.in. do zastosowań w ogniwach fotowoltaicznych, fotorezystorach czy czujnikach substancji chemicznych.

We present a new technology of the growth of ZnO nanorods from the water solution.The method allows for the growth of ZnO nanorods of a very high quality in a very short time (1-3 minutes). The method is inexpensive (both technology and precursors) and non-toxic. The growth is performer at 50şC under atmospheric pressure in a water solution. The substrate used in the growth process needs to be coated with gold nanodroplets, which nucleate the growth. Water and zinc acetate are used as a oxygen and zinc precursors. The method is reproducibleand can be succesfully used in the industry for mass production of ZnO nanorods matrices on different substrates, for example in photovoltaic cells, photoresistors or sensors.

The structure of shear bands in twinned fcc crystals and their influence on recrystallization nucleation

83%

Paul H. , Driver J. H.