Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Response of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings to experimental variation in aluminum concentration

100%

Bojarczuk K. , Oleksyn J. , Karolewski P. , Żytkowiak R.

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tom Vol. 54, nr 2

189-200

EN

The process of soil degradation and destabilization of forest ecosystem by industrial pollution is frequently associated with mobilization of toxic. Al^3+ ions. Both these processes exert a negative influence on tree root systems and may even result in the decline of whole forest stands. One-year-old seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) grown in pots were treated with a range of aluminum sulfate concentrations in order to test the effects of Al on growth, root structure, content of phenolic compounds and mineral nutrition of roots and foliage. Plants exposed to Al concentrations exceeding 50 mg Al dm^-3 had reduced growth, root structure and a substantial increase of Al concentration occurred in foliafe and roots. Concentration of several elements in the foliage and roots declined with increasing Al concentration, including Mg and Ca , and to a lesser extent, P, K, and Na. Most root traits such as root mass or root growth rate were more strongly affected by Al than the foliage. Changes in root Ca, Al and Ca:Al ratio, and root morphology were detected at the lowest Al concentration (50 mg Al dm^-3) indicating usefulness of these traits as early indicators of adverse aluminum effects on plants.

2

Allocation of elements in a chronosequence of silver birch afforested on former agricultural lands

86%

Gaweda T. , Malek S. , Zasada M.

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2014

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tom 57

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nr 192

EN

Research on the effect of birch regeneration on changes occurring in the environment on former farmlands included a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the biomass growing on the research plots. Five experimental plots were selected in the Mazovia region: two in Dobieszyn and the Kampinos National Park and one in Kozienice. The analysis performed on each plot was concerned with the amount and chemical composition of biomass in four patches of vegetation, characterised by the different ages of the birch trees growing there. The vegetation patches were classified according to age group, i.e. I: 1–4 years old, II: 5–8 years old, III: 9–12 years old and IV: over 12 years old. Biomass samples were collected in the field and determined in kg DM/ha using the following components: roots, stem, bark,branches, assimilation apparatus, litterfall and the total biomass of the other (except birch) plants. For all the above-mentioned groups, the content of the elements N, C, S, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, and Cd was determined. This allowed us to obtain both the values of the concentrations of particular substancesand their allocation in both the organic matter and litterfall. The aim of theresearch was to discover whether the allocation of elements changes with the age of birch growing on former farmland.

3

Antioxidative capacity of birch saps

86%

Bilek M. , Siembida A. , Gostkowski M. , Stawarczyk K. , Cieślik E.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2017

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tom Vol. 81, nr 1

3--10

EN

In our subsequent studies of birch tree saps we focused on assessing their antioxidant capacity. For research we chose four groups of silver birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.), consisting of five individuals. Antioxidant capacity was examined using spectrophotometric technique. The highest antioxidant capacity, tested by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and expressed as a total phenolics content was 6.59 mg GAE/100 ml of tree sap, and in turn the lowest one 0.88 mg GAE/100 ml. The highest antioxidant capacity determined ABTS method and expressed as radical scavenging activity (RSA) was 30.9% and lowest 5.38% The average values of antioxidant capacity both expressed as a phenolic compounds content and as radical scavenging activity for tree saps collected from four particular locations did not differ significantly. Based on the obtained results of tree sap analyses, it can be claimed that compared to other food products, e.g. fruit and vegetable juices, birch saps are not a rich source of phenolic compounds and when compared e.g. to tee infusions, they have low antioxidant capacity. Although it can be increased by the introduction of functional additives, such as herbal extracts or concentrated fruit juices.

4

Turbidity changes of birch tree sap after addition of commonly available chemicals

72%

Bilek M. , Sądej M. , Rączy M. , Rębisz A. , Sosnowski S.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2016

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tom Vol. 80, nr 2

83--90

EN

The problem signalled both by the popularizers of birch tree sap consumption, as well as in many scientific articles and sap collection manuals is short shelf life, hindering the wider use. The loss of shelf life is manifested by the appearance of a characteristic turbidity and simultaneously intensifying unpleasant odor. Most of birch sap shelf life extension methods, that inhibit turbidity, are non-thermal methods, based on the physical techniques, ex. ultraviolet radiation, ultrafiltration, and also combination of this two methods. The aim of this study was to assess the stability of the birch tree sap, depending on the concentration of commonly available chemicals used to extend shelf life of plant origin food products. At room temperature, the sample with addition of ethanol at the concentrations of 10% and 15%, as well as with the addition of citric acid in combination with potassium sorbate were stable during the all turbidity testing period. Additionally, in the refrigerated condition, 27-day stability has been obtained for the sap with the addition of ethanol at the concentration of 5% and 15-day with the addition of citric acid in concentration of 0,5%. This stable solutions obtained, however, are not suitable for direct consumption. They can only be used as a stable base for the preparation of beverages, after the addition ex. herbal extracts, fruit juices and syrups, honey.

5

Suitability of silver birch bark as a natural source for cotton dyeing

72%

Radomska G. , Kucharczyk N. , Suszczynska W. , Radomski A.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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tom 123

6

The usefulness of birch saps from the area of Podkarpacie to produce birch syrup

72%

Bilek M. , Olszewski M. , Gostkowski M. , Cieślik E.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2016

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tom Vol. 80, nr 1

11--18

EN

In northern European countries, as well as in North America tree saps of maples and birches are used for the production of syrups. Birch syrups are characterized by a specific aromatic taste and can be used as an addition to sweets, desserts, salads and meats. Attention is paid to the health benefits of birch syrups, mainly for high mineral content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of birch saps obtained from the area of Podkarpacie for birch syrup production. HPLC-ELSD system was used for analysing the sugar content in the birch tree saps from four localization. All the examined saps contained the monosaccharides as fructose and glucose. The presence of sucrose was found in eight per twenty tested saps. There weren’t statistical differences between the studied sites for the averages of total sugar concentration in the tree saps samples. The highest average amount of total sugar was found in the D sites (11.74 g/dm3), whereas the lowest in the C sites (7.66 g/dm3). Silver birch tree saps from the area of Podkarpacie offer perspectives to used for syrup production according to the US and Finnish criteria of profitability.

7

Impact of a fresh broadleaved forest site and fresh mixed broadleaved forest site on selected parameters and ratios of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.)wood fibre structure

72%

Lachowicz H. , Paschalis-Jakubowicz P.

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tom vol. 57, nr 193

109--117

EN

The variability of selected ratios characterising the dimensions and shape of silver birch wood fibres was determined based on the site where the trees grow. Two sampling areas were selected, located in the Biała Podlaska Forest District in eastern Poland. Samples for testing were taken from trees approx. 45–50 years old, growing on a fresh broadleaved forest site and on a fresh mixed broadleaved forest site. On these two sites, silver birch occurs most widely as a dominant species, both in terms of stand area and volume, in Poland. A statistical analysis was performed of selected parameters of the wood fibre structure such as length, width, lumen and cell wall thickness, as well as of the wood fibre structure ratios belonging to the basic properties of fibrous pulp: the felting power, flexibility ratio, coefficient of rigidity, Runkel and Mühlsteph ratios, as well as the compactness index. It was demonstrated that the site from which birch material originates has a significant impact on the average values of: fibre length, lumen, flexibility ratio, and the coefficient of rigidity, as well as the Runkel and Mühlsteph ratios. However, analyses did not prove any major impact of the site on the average values of: fibre width and wall thickness, the felting power or the compactness index of silver birch wood.

8

Structure of aboveground biomass of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the neighbourhood of Nitrogen Plant „Pulawy” S.A. in terms of use for energy purposes

72%

Listosz A.

Teka Komisji Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska Przyrodniczego

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2013

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tom 10

9

Annual dynamics of natural regeneration of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) on a research plot located in the area of forest decline in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

72%

Ambrozy S.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

EN

The study shows a high dynamics approximately five-year-old natural regeneration of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) growing on the research plot located in the fertile mountain habitat in the middle of the lower montane forest zone in the Silesian Beskid Mountains (Beskid Śląski) compared to its co-occurring species. The dynamics is expressed as a significant annual increment in height and diameter of birch trees, leading in consequence to the appearance of an older sapling phase for most regenerations of this species. This creates the possibility of early undercanopy planting of tree species adjusted to the site conditions, mainly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

10

Biomass dynamics in young silver birch stands on post-agricultural lands in central Poland

72%

Zasada M. , Bijak S. , Bronisz K. , Bronisz A. , Gawęda T.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2014

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tom vol. 57, nr 192

29--39

EN

The paper analyses the production and allocation of biomass in young, spontaneous silver birch afforestation occurring on post-agricultural lands in the Mazowsze region (central Poland). We investigated 114 sample plots of age varying from 1 to 19 years. During the first 15 years after their establishment on abandoned farmland, the naturally regenerated silver birch stands produced on average approximately 75 tons of dry biomass per hectare. The major (50–70%) part of this biomass was stored in the tree stems and this share increased with age. The fractions of biomass in the foliage and roots decreased over time, while the share of biomass in the branches remained rather constant. The significant age-dependency of the allometric relationships suggested the need to use age-sensitive biomass expansion factors to estimate the biomass from the stem volume.

11

Content of some nutrients in Scots pine, silver birch and Norway maple in an urbanized environment

72%

Modrzewska B. , Kosiorek M. , Wyszkowski M.

Journal of Elementology

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2016

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tom 21

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nr 1

EN

In the late 18th and early 19th c., a drastic reduction in the area of forests due to their excessive exploitation occurred in Europe, which gave rise to the birth of afforestation efforts. The chemical composition of plants, including trees, depends on the many biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the content of some nutrients in needles and bark of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), leaves and bark of silver birch (Betula pendula) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), depending on their location. The content of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium depended on a plant species, plant organ and the location of sample collection. The leaves of silver birch, compared to its bark, contained ten-fold more potassium and six-fold more phosphorus and magnesium. The content of phosphorus was the highest in silver birch leaves in the center of Olsztyn. The highest potassium content was observed in silver birch leaves and Norway maple bark in the center of Olsztyn. The calcium content was the highest in the leaves and bark of maple trees growing near State Road 51 and in the leaves of this species in the city center. The highest sodium content was detected in the leaves and bark of most tree species growing along State Road 51 and in the center of Olsztyn.

12

Biomass dynamics in young silver birch stands on post-agricultural lands in Central Poland

72%

Zasada M. , Bijak S. , Bronisz K. , Bronisz A. , Gaweda T.

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2014

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tom 57

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nr 192

EN

The paper analyses the production and allocation of biomass in young, spontaneoussilver birch afforestation occurring on post-agricultural lands in the Mazowszeregion (central Poland). We investigated 114 sample plots of age varying from 1 to 19 years. During the first 15 years after their establishment on abandoned farmland, the naturally regenerated silver birch stands produced on average approximately 75 tons of dry biomass per hectare. The major (50–70%) part of this biomass was stored in the tree stems and this share increased with age. The fractions of biomass in the foliage and roots decreased over time, while the share of biomass in the branches remained rather constant. The significant age-dependency of the allometric relationships suggested the need to use age-sensitive biomass expansion factors to estimate the biomass from the stem volume.

13

Response of silver birch [Betula pendula Roth.] seedlings to experimental variation in aluminium concentration

72%

Bojarczuk K. , Oleksyn J. , Karolewski P. , Zytkowiak R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2006

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tom 54

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nr 2

EN

The process of soil degradation and destabilization of forest ecosystem by industrial pollution is frequently associated with mobilization of toxic Al³⁺ ions. Both these processes exert a negative influence on tree root systems and may even result in the decline of whole forest stands. One-year-old seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) grown in pots were treated with a range of aluminum sulfate concentrations in order to test the effects of Al on growth, root structure, content of phenolic compounds and mineral nutrition of roots and foliage. Plants exposed to Al concentrations exceeding 50 mg Al dm⁻³ had reduced growth, root structure and nutrient uptake were affected, and a substantial increase of Al concentration occurred in foliage and roots. Concentration of several elements in the foliage and roots declined with increasing Al concentration, including Mg and Ca, and to a lesser extent, P, K, and Na. Most root traits such as root mass or root growth rate were more strongly affected by Al than the foliage. Changes in root Ca, Al and Ca:Al ratio, and root morphology were detected at the lowest Al concentration (50 mg Al dm⁻³) indicating usefulness of these traits as early indicators of adverse aluminum effects on plants.

14

Intrapopulational and interpopulational relations of Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae) in Croatia, based on leaf morphometry

72%

Kovacic S. , Simic D.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

|

2001

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tom 43

EN

Seven morphometric variables of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves from 5 bioclimatic regions of Croatia were analyzed to establish the pattern of intrapopulational and interpopulational relations. As introgression in Croatia could be almost entirely excluded, this research may represent a model of a consistent B. pendula species. Leaf samples were taken from fertile and sterile shoots separately, and the analyses yielded statistically significant differences between them. There was significant variability of all variables within and between populations. The most prominent variables in evaluation of interpopulational variability of the leaves from both fertile and sterile shoots of B. pendula were the distance from the leaf base to the widest point of the lamina (at P = 0.01) and the angle of the leaf base (at P = 0.001). These variables could be used in future research on genetic diversity among populations of B. pendula.

15

Kora brzozy brodawkowatej jako biomonitor zanieczyszczenia powietrza metalami ciężkimi

58%

Rajfur M. , Świsłowski P. , Dębska L.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2018

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tom Vol. 12, No. 1

237--246

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena możliwości wykorzystania kory brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth) w biomonitoringu terenów leśnych. Do badań wykorzystano korę drzew rosnących na obszarze Beskidów i Puszczy Boreckiej. W korze, metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej ze wzbudzeniem w płomieniu (F-AAS), oznaczono stężenia metali ciężkich: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd oraz Pb. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono sezonowe zmiany stężenia analitów. Wykazano również, że kora brzozy brodawkowatej może być wykorzystywana jako bioindykator do oceny zanieczyszczenia aerozolu atmosferycznego na tych obszarach np. metalami ciężkimi. Ważne jest jednak, aby dokonać walidacji poszczególnych etapów procedury analitycznej z wykorzystaniem kory drzewa oraz uwzględnić czas pobierania materiału do badań.

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using silver birch bark (Betula pendula Roth) in biomonitoring of forest areas. The research involved the use of tree bark growing in two areas - the Beskidy and the Borecka Forest. In the bark, by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry with flame excitation (F-AAS), concentrations of heavy metals: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined. On the basis of the conducted study, there were determined seasonal changes in the concentration of analytes. It was shown that the bark of a silver birch can be used as a bioindicator to assess atmospheric aerosol contamination in these areas, e.g. with heavy metals. It is important to validate the individual stages of the analytical procedure using the tree bark and take into account the time of collecting the material for testing.

16

Chemical and microbial properties of sandy mine soils afforested with Scots pine and silver birch

58%

Chodak M. , Niklinska M. , Sliwinska E.

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nr 2

EN

The objective of this study was to compare chemical and microbial properties of sandy mine soils under young Scots pine, silver birch, and mixed pine-birch forest stands. The measured properties included the contents of organic C (Corg) and total N (Nt), the Corg-to-Nt ratio, pH, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphomonoesterase, and urease. Community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) of soil bacteria were determined with BiologR test and genetic profiles with the DGGE method. Scots pine and silver birch did not affect the Corg and Nt contents in the studied mine soils. The soil under birch contained larger and more active microbial biomass than the soil under pine. Under the mixed stand, most of the microbial properties were intermediate between the pine and the birch stand. The DGGE profiling indicated different composition of soil bacteria under the birch stand compared to the other stands. Differences in CLPPs were less pronounced, probably due to functional redundancy of soil bacteria.

17

Fungi and bacteria associated with the wet and brown wood in trunk of Betula pendula trees

58%

Przybyl K.

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nr 2

18

Effect of polluted substrate on growth and health of silver birch [Betula pendula Roth.]

58%

Bojarczuk K. , Przybyl K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 5

EN

From May till October 1999, 1-year-old birch seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in a substrate (forest soil under a birch tree + perlite, 1:1), without and with added aluminium chloride (40 and 160 mg Al dm⁻³). The added aluminium chloride inhibited the growth of seedlings, especially of their roots. At the end of the experiment the substrate treated with aluminium chloride contained more Al and Cl than the control. In comparison with control plants, the treated plants did not differ in assimilation of Ca, Mg and K ions, but their leaves and roots contained more Al. Disease symptoms on leaves of treated seedlings were similar to those observed on birch trees growing in a contaminated area (near a phosphate fertilizer factory in Luboñ). From collected birch leaves, symptomatic and asymptomatic, 18 species of fungi were isolated. From leaves of treated seedlings and of trees growing in the polluted area some fungal species were isolated more often than from control seedlings. Those species included: Aureobasidium pullulans, Hormonema dematioides, Alternaria alternata, and Cladosporium herbarum.

19

Changes in the size of pollen grains and structure of the tapetal layer in Betula pendula Roth during the maturation of pollen

58%

Krizo M. , Slobodnik B.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

|

1997

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tom 45

|

nr 2-4

20

Effect of polluted soil and fertilisation on growth and physiology of silver birch [Betula pendula Roth.] seedlings

51%

Bojarczuk K. , Karolewski P. , Oleksyn J. , Kieliszewska-Rokicka B. , Zytkowiak R. , Tjoelker M. G.

|

2002

|

tom 11

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nr 5

EN

One-year-old seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) were grown in pots filled with a soil substrate that originated from an area polluted by a phosphate fertiliser factory and characterised by a high soil Al level and low Ca/Al ratio or with a substrate from an area regarded as free from toxic pollution. In addition the effect of fertilisation with a mixture of nutrients was evaluated. Birch seedlings grew slowest in the unfertilised polluted substrate. In the unfertilised polluted substrate seedlings were characterised by high biomass allocation to roots (60% vs. 30 to 40% in control or fertilised substrate), lower diversity of ectomycorrhizae and the lowest rate of root and substrate microbial respiration. Roots of seedlings grown in the polluted soil were characterised by a significantly higher level of phenolic compounds. Fertilisation of plants grown in the polluted soil accelerated their growth, and lowered RWR (g root g-1 plant) and increased biomass allocated to foliage. Our results indicate that elimination of air pollution does not decrease the toxic effect of a polluted soil. Fertilisation may improve the condition of seedlings growing in polluted soil, however it was not able to eliminate entirely the adverse effect of soil pollution.