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EN
Technological progress has made the use of remotely controlled objects moving on the surface and underwater, for a variety of purposes, become extraordinarily popular. The widespread use of such vehicles enables unauthorized use. Therefore, knowledge of the hydroacoustic field characteristics makes it possible to identify by passive underwater observation systems. The paper presents the results of narrowband and one-third-octave frequency analyzes of remote-controlled surface and underwater vehicles. The change in sound pressure was recorded for vehicles moving a short distance away from the hydrophone. The research was carried out in difficult conditions, propagation, at a small depth in the coastal zone.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to present the process of devising and shaping the methods for handwriting research. The approach discussed in this presentation comprises various threads, as it covers the divisions based on different criteria which — in consequence — differ in their assumed aims, research process, and the obtained results. The type of the examined object is undoubtedly some sort of a parameter for the presented methods. Certain methods are aimed at examining short and long texts, while others are focused on examining signatures. One can also refer to a group of the so-called universal methods which are applied both to examine handwriting and signatures. This publication is addressed primarily to students, as it is a teaching aid during the forensic, criminal or civil procedure courses, but also to practitioners who — for professional purposes — appoint handwriting experts, and who require knowledge regarding handwriting research.
EN
This article focuses on the analysis of practice, which allows for identification of hidden texts and signatures. The examples of subsequent handwriting researches of de­tected notes, signatures and people, on whose behalf they were made, are given. In this article there is a description of optical research of dashes, which were created by com­mon and special pens. The author formulated all practical recommendations about work­ing with research equipment, programs and creating illustrations (phototable) to expert testimony. There are several findings: 1) the aggressive impact on the document some­times does not preclude the successful handwriting identification of the remote notes and signatures perpetrator; 2) based on the outcome of the practice analysis, it points to the need of joining two specialties: «technical and criminalistics examination» and «forensic handwriting examination» due to the fact that practicing experts in the handwriting field often make mistakes.
EN
A catalogue contains the most frequent owner's marks placed in manuscripts and early printed books from restricted collections from University of Warsaw Library. Manuscripts and books were marked with enumerated signatures, supralibros, bookplates, manuscript notes, etc. in advance they were moved to current collection. The aforementioned marks were the main indication of the former collection. Copies of the owner's marks could be used as an aid in the research of old collections by librarians and scholars interested in provenance research.
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