Superabsorbent polymers (SAP), sometimes defined as water-absorbent polymers or hydrogels, can swell to absorb water, physiological fluids or saline solutions in amounts as high as 10-1000 times their own weight. This property has led to many practical applications of these hydrophilic, slightly crosslinked polymers and copolymers. This article presents a review of superabsorbent gel synthesis, focusing on acrylic superabsorbent, modified starch and cellulose absorbent polymers, maleic-anhydride copolymers and on some other selected systems. Regarding practical applications a particular attention was given to uses in agriculture for improving water retention, medicine, biology and pharmacy, as well as in other miscellaneous fields of practice.
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