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In the shadow of the Wall. Hellenistic settlement in the Baysun and Kugitang piedmonts

100%

Stančo L.

2021

tom 25

nr 2

64-95

This article brings an up -to -date evaluation of the archaeological research in the core of the Bactro -Sogdian borderlands, i.e., in the vicinity of the Darband Wall, Baysun District, southern Uzbekistan, including the most recent results of the fieldwork of the Czech -Uzbek archaeological expedition. These are combined with the fruits of the efforts of other local and international teams busy in this region for the last twenty years in a spatiotemporal assessment. Building upon the lack of evidence, the author argues against the identification of the selected locations in the region as places where the events connected with the invasion of Alexander the Great took place. We also show that the area of the Baysun District including Darband was for the first time in history settled in the Seleucid / Greco -Bactrian period. The original function of the Darband Wall itself was most probably related to an event preceding the campaign of Antiochos III to Bactria and the presumed threat of nomads.

Polacy: największa grupa imigrancka w Norwegii

100%

Gmaj K.

2019

nr 4(60)

101-121

The objective of this article is to present migration flows from Poland to Norway. It begins with the short description of Norway as an immigration country. Next, it discusses the growth of Polish community and its social and demographic characteristics. Poles are the largest immigrant group in Norway, standing at more than 100,000 people. A special attention is given to the unfavourable working conditions for Poles in the Norwegian labour market. The article concludes with a summary referring to the main findings and an attempt to outline potential directions for future research.

PROCESS OF INCORPORATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT. THE CASE STUDY OF ŁÓDŹ

84%

Figlus T.

nr 2

The subject of the research covers the problem of morphological changes in former villages incorporated into the city on the example of Łódź. The first objective of the article is to analyse the urban development of the city, taking into account the territorial changes and incorporation of villages. The second objective includes the analysis of morphological changes in former villages that have taken place after their incorporation into the city since the mid-twentieth century. The study required analysis of source materials in the form of preserved historical maps and today’s plans, legal acts, planning documents and chosen statistical data. The analysis of changes in the spatial structure of villages incorporated into the city was possible mainly thanks to the retrogressive, as well as progressive method. The article also uses the method of morphological analysis of the city plan based on the Conzenian tradition of urban morphology. The study applies the typology of rural settlement patterns, taking into account the issue of morphological changes and relics of morphological features from the period before the incorporation into the city. It is characteristic that the transformation process of rural settlement patterns took place in different ways and with various intensity depending mostly on the scale of urbanisation processes. It was possible to distinguish the orthomorphic transformations, where all spatial modifications were mainly additions and did not destroy the morphogenetic core, so the former layouts have been preserved almost completely, semi-metamorphic transformations, where spatial reorganisation was considerable, but not total, and clear relics of the historical rural settlement pattern have been saved, and metamorphic transformations, in which almost all elements of the former morphological structure have been completely erased and the former layouts have been totally changed.