Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Coraz bardziej interdyscyplinarny charakter badań przekładoznawczych

100%

Tomaszkiewicz T.

Między Oryginałem a Przekładem

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2016

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tom 31

45-61

EN

In this text the author presents the short history of translations studies and their evolution in the last 70 years. It has to be stressed out that during this period the relations between translation studies and linguistics were very closed. Even now when translation studies are recognised as an independent scientific domain at the universities they still have a strong relationship with many branches of linguistics. More over this interdisciplinary character of translation studies can be seen in the contemporary researches. In the article this theses is exemplified by the relations between translation, conversation analysis and semiology. Also it is underlying the role of the person of translator. The author’s postulate is to use in the description of this scientific field the appellation in plural: translation studies.

2

Eco on Interpreting the Sign: The Limits of Narrating that which Cannot Be Theorized

86%

Auxier R. E.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

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2020

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tom 4

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nr 1

102-109

EN

Eco says that which cannot be theorized must be narrated. What about that which cannot be narrated? What must we do about (and at) the limits of interpretation, especially as (performative) narration. This review essay takes a method from Giambattista Vico and applies it to the interpretation of Laurent Binet’s portrayal of Umberto Eco in his novel The Seventh Function of Language (2015). Comparing the character of Eco with the thought of the historical Eco we find coincidences and other angles at incidence that reveal some portion of Binet’s underlying interpretation of Eco, and it limits.

3

Simmelova sémiologie

86%

Bůžek L.

Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)

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2013

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tom 2

51-74

EN

Simmel’s social theory, namely his formal sociology, has long been considered if not dead, then of little relevance for contemporary sociological theories. This study is an attempt at proving the contrary. Our aim is to show that Simmel’s social ontology can be seen as a form of semiology, i.e. a complex body capable of integrating seemingly irreconcilable segments of society into a social science of signs, thus showing that his “social grammar” is a true social theory of sign systems. A keystone which helped us span the bridge between society and language, linguistics and sociology, was the concept of value. By dint of Simmel’s theory of economic value we try to connect his social theory, on which it lies, with his theory of sign-money, which it supports. Simmel’s social theory is based on an unorthodox concept of interaction, whose main qualities are that of perfect synchrony and unity that is dealt with by Simmel on the empirical as well as experience level. The puzzling term of form is revealed as Simmel’s attempt to conceptually grasp this synchronic dimension of interaction. Simmel’s theory of economic value is seen as an extension of Simmel’s formal sociology. Simmel conceives value as a relation between two processes of valuation brought about within the exchange as a form of interaction. Money is the physical representation of this relation. To prove that Simmel’s social theory can be regarded as a fully-grown theory of sign systems, as well as to elaborate our analysis of his social theory, we use the conceptual apparatus of Saussure’s linguistics showing that not only does Simmel’s theory imply all Saussure’s key concepts, but it also solves some of its blind spots in contemporary sociology and spans the so far unsurpassable gulf between the individual and society or structure and development.

4

Poszerzanie pola literatury w Tajemniczym płomieniu królowej Loany Umberta Eco

72%

Winiecka E.

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich

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2015

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tom 58/116 z. 2

99-118

EN

The article reconstructs Umberto Eco’s point of view on mass culture and on the situation and tasks of literature in the world of media in the example of his novel The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana. The authoress uses for this purpose Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the literary field. She shows, how semiological mechanisms used inside the novel lead to, on the one hand, strengthening of the autonomy of literature in the world of multimedia and, on the other hand, constructing new, metamedia and hypertextual genre of novel.

PL

Autorka na przykładzie powieści Tajemniczy płomień królowej Loany rekonstruuje poglądy Umberta Eco na temat kultury masowej oraz sytuacji i zadań literatury w świecie mediów. Wykorzystuje w tym celu pojęcie pola literatury Pierre’a Bourdie’u pokazując, jak semiologiczne zabiegi pisarza dokonywane w obrębie powieści prowadzą z jednej strony do wzmocnienia autonomii literatury w świecie multimediów, a z drugiej – do wykształcenia nowej metamedialnej struktury gatunku o charakterze hipertekstualnym.

5

Podejście semiologiczne w badaniach nad zjawiskiem mitu politycznego na przykładzie mitu smoleńskiego

72%

Kwiatkowski B.

Świat Idei i Polityki

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2018

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nr 17

192-213

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę przedstawienia niezwykle istotnego w badaniach mitu politycznego na gruncie polskim mitu smoleńskiego z perspektywy podejścia semiologicznego. Analiza teorii Rolanda Barthesa i Tadeusza Biernata, będących przedstawicielami tego właśnie podejścia, pozwoli na przyjrzenie się mitologizowaniu rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej po katastrofie smoleńskiej poprzez schemat powstawania znaków symbolicznie wyrażających mit polityczny. Umożliwi ona również ukazanie obecności tak rozumianego zjawiska mitu w wydarzeniach czy wypowiedziach z omawianego okresu. Celem opracowania stanie się więc ukazanie kluczowego dla współczesnego dyskursu politycznego wydarzenia od strony mechanizmu kreowania mitologizacji w zbiorowej pamięci.

EN

This article is an attempt to present the Smolensk myth (which is a very important subject in Polish myth studies) from the perspective of the semiological approach. The analysis of the two most important theories in that field: one by Roland Barthes and another one by Tadeusz Biernat, will allow to examine the mythologization of the social and political reality after the Smolensk catastrophe. That examination will be conducted by analysing the ways of creating symbolic signs which may express the mythical political meaning. That analysis will also enable the depiction of the semiological meaning of political myths in the events or statements from the times after the catastrophe. In conclusion, the aim of this article will be a depiction of an historical event, which had an enormous impact on today’s Polish political reality, from the perspective of creation of the mythical constructs in the collective memory.

6

Caricature textuelle et visuelle française du XIXe siècle. Enjeux sémiologiques d’une analyse icono-textuelle

58%

Guinand C.

Quêtes littéraires

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2020

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nr 10

EN

This article considers caricature as an icono-verbal tool that mobilizes shared cultural codes. It shows that in the 19th century, both visual (in this case, Daumier and Gavarni) and textual caricature (in this case, Balzac, Baudelaire, Stendhal, Musset, Flaubert, Huysmans) were designed based on the model of a theatrical scene which plays on the rich possibilities offered by the combination of text and image at the heart of comical mechanisms. Indeed, invalidating the observation of the primacy of image over text (Charles Baudelaire's stance) or vice versa: of text over image (represented by Roland Barthes), this article posits that the visual and the textual take on fluid roles and complement each other. As such, the consonance or dissonance between the image and its title/legend are two types of relationships that contribute to the birth of laughter as well as to the semantic richness of a caricature. This vision of laughter proceeding above all from formal mechanisms could lead one to believe that the evaluation of the adopted value systems is superfluous. The important thing would be to understand and analyze, not to judge. Against such a claim, this article supports the need to add to the formal analysis of a work in its historical context, its ethical positioning in the face of its explicit and implicit ideological implications.

FR

Cet article considère la caricature en tant que dispositif icono-verbal qui mobilise des codes culturels partagés. Il montre qu’au XIXe siècle, la caricature visuelle (ici Daumier et Gavarni) comme la caricature textuelle (ici Balzac, Baudelaire, Stendhal, Musset, Flaubert, Huysmans) sont pensées sur le modèle de la scène théâtrale qui joue des riches possibilités offertes par la combinatoire du texte et de l'image au cœur des mécanismes comiques. En effet, invalidant le constat d'un primat de l’image sur le texte (position de Charles Baudelaire) ou inversement du texte sur l’image (position de Roland Barthes), cet article rappelle que le visuel et le textuel assument des rôles fluides et qu’ils se complètent. À ce titre, la consonance ou dissonance entre l'image et son titre/sa légende sont deux types de rapports qui concourent à la naissance du rire comme à la richesse sémantique de la caricature. Cette vision d’un rire procédant avant tout de mécanismes formels pourrait tendre à faire croire que l'évaluation des systèmes de valeur mobilisés est superflue. L'important serait de comprendre et d'analyser, pas de juger. Contre une telle prétention, cet article soutient la nécessité d’ajouter à l'analyse formelle d'une œuvre dans son contexte historique un positionnement éthique face à ses implications idéologiques explicites et implicites.

7

Různost jazyků a její interpretace v díle Vladimíra Skaličky: studie z moderních dějin české lingvistiky

51%

Vasiljev I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2008

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tom 69

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nr 1-2

99-109

EN

Vladimír Skalička’s contributions to linguistic typology have been widely recognized. This paper tries to capture the significance of the problem of language diversity in its broadest sense for the development of Skalička’s scholarship and for his scientific legacy. The author argues that in a 1947 Czech-language article titled “The problem of language diversity” published in Slovo a slovesnost, Skalička gave in fact a sketch of a blueprint for modern linguistics in which he advocated a holistic approach to the study of language through a balanced texture of the triple aspect of language: its semiotic nature, its diversity and its structure. The least one can say is that Skalička seems to have followed these self-imposed, yet highly stimulating guidelines for the rest of his life. The final part of the paper is an attempt at summarizing Skalička’s contribution to the understanding of the semiotic connection of linguistic typology and the mutual relations between language and mind or language and society. The author concludes that although Skalička did not directly answer or even explicitly ask the question of why languages differ from each other, he nevertheless cleared the way for future attempts at a structural explanation of the origins of language diversity.

8

Antropologiczna analiza obrazu na przykładzie fotografii

44%

Jędrzejewska P.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2008

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tom 4

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nr 1

36-70

EN

The article presents photography as a method of anthropological analysis, which undergoes interpretation while the interaction with the viewer is taking place. In the first part I concentrate on theoretical assumptions which focus on anthropological problems of the picture, especially semiology. Then, I describe the informants and the tools used – photography and research techniques: definitions of semantic fields; associations’ map and Robert Plutchik’s emotional model. The only formal criterion of the photographic samples was a common occurrence of a man and an animal. The material under analysis in this article, obtained during the interviews, concerns Krzysztof Hejke’s photograph Łódzkie podwórko from 1988. Out of the ten photographs chosen, this was the one that was found most interesting by the interviewed. I analyzed it considering emotions and associations it evoked and I constructed definitions of semantic fields of the photographic concept. I also discussed interpretations of the photograph, conducted taking the author’s intentions into account. In the last part of this text I present conclusions that may serve as a be a basis for future research.

PL

Artykuł porusza tematykę antropologicznej analizy obrazu, jakim jest fotografia, który w interakcji z odbiorcą podlega interpretacji. W pierwszej części skupiłam się na założeniach teoretycznych dotyczących problematyki antropologii obrazu, a w szczególności semiologii. Następnie opisałam osoby badane, użyte narzędzia - fotografie oraz techniki badawcze: definicje pól semantycznych, mapę skojarzeń oraz model emocji Roberta Plutchika. Jedynym kryterium formalnym doboru próby zdjęć było wspólne występowanie całości bądź fragmentu człowieka i zwierzęcia. Materiał poddany analizie w tym artykule, a uzyskany w trakcie wywiadów dotyczy fotografii Krzysztofa Hejke Łódzkie podwórko z 1988 roku, która spośród dziesięciu analizowanych fotografii najbardziej podobała się badanym. Analizowałam go m.in. pod kątem emocji i skojarzeń wywołanych przez kontakt z tą fotografią oraz zbudowałam definicje pól semantycznych pojęcia fotografia. Omówiłam także interpretacje fotografii, której dokonali badani w kontekście intencji jej autora. W ostatniej części niniejszego tekstu przedstawiam wnioski mogące stanowić podstawę dla dalszych badań.

9

... und wenn die Sprache einmal gebührend abgegrenzt wird?

44%

Hoskovec T.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2019

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nr 15

101–114

DE

Die gegenwärtige Manie, stets neue Zweige der Sprachwissenschaft zu erdenken, hinter der am öftesten lauter vergebliche Hoffnungen stecken, eine Forschungsstelle gegründet zu erhalten, verhindert die Sprachwissenschaftler am Anerkennen, dass ihre Wissenschaft seit zweihundert Jahren (d. h. seit Wilhelm von Humboldt, aber nicht früher) einen klar abgegrenzten Gegenstand, und seit einhundert Jahren (d. h. seit Ferdinand de Saussure) éine adäquat anzuwendende Methode hat, worauf die Linguistik als eine und untrennbare gebaut werden soll. Die einzige empirische Gegebenheit der Sprachforschung, die mit dem Forschungsobjekt nie verwechselt werden darf, sind die Sprechhandlungen, die immer als konkrete sozial genormte und kulturell-historisch verankerte Ereignisse sprachlicher Kommunikation betrachtet werden müssen. Der eigentliche Gegenstand der Linguistik, also die Sprache selbst, ist dann die Potentialität solcher Sprechhandlungen, welche Potentialität zweierlei, wechselseitig komplementär aufzufassen ist: als abstraktes System und als gesellschaftliche Institution. Das System sowie die Institution „Sprache“ sind letzten Endes komplexe Strukturen von sozialen Normen. Die grundsätzliche Einheit, mit der die Sprache wissenschaftlich beschrieben und dargelegt werden soll, ist das Saussure’sche Zeichen, dessen Tragweite und adäquate Anwendung neu durchdacht werden müssen. Als Plattform dazu dienen nun auch die Prager Thesen 2016.

EN

The nowadays trendy hunt for increasingly new, more and more unexpected domains of linguistic research is a run from acknowledging that linguistics has one unique object: language communication, conceived of as a particular cultural- historical event that is subject to social norms; and one fascinating goal: to explain how language communication works in an impersonal way, so that members of a given cultural- historical community are able to understand one another. Linguistics is surprisingly young a science, and still more surprisingly, it can disappear as science from one day to the next, so that academic life will not even notice: there will be departments of linguistics, but no linguistics any more. Linguistics was inconceivable until, two hundred years ago, Wilhelm von Humboldt consummated the Kantian philosophical revolution by stating that thought does not exist except within a language, and through language communication. Linguistics is highly endangered now by a kind of non-reflected Aristotelianism that is, ingenuously enough, still accepted in sciences as common sense and theory-free thinking. Since Humboldt, linguistics has been endowed with a tool appropriate to its tasks: with the bifacial language sign, which is usually ascribed to Ferdinand de Saussure; since Saussure, linguistics has been set to proceed in a consciously semiological way. The Prague Linguistic Circle, which has been working on those issues for more than ninety years, proposes itself as a platform for discussing the current subjects and procedures of contemporary linguistic research aiming at the future.