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1

Významové obměny a vývoj funkcí u příslovcí "dokona" a "dokonce" v barokní češtině

100%

Klimešová M.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2020

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tom 55

PL

Proces rozwoju etymologicznego i semantycznego przysłówków dokona i dokonce był podobny. Obydwa były stosunkowo często używane przez autorów barokowych w znaczeniu ‘úplně, zcela’ (‘w pełni, całkowicie’), a w połączeniu z przeczeniem – w znaczeniu ‘vůbec’ (‘w ogóle’). O ile dokona stopniowo wyszło z użycia, dokonce jest obecnie jedną z najczęściej stosowanych form wyrażania i podkreślania gradacji. Choć takie użycie nie zostało odnotowane w słowniku Jungmanna, niniejszy artykuł wykazuje, że obydwa omawiane przysłówki pełniły te funkcje już w okresie baroku. Wydaje się zatem oczywiste, że ten okres jest istotnym etapem w rozwoju języka czeskiego i nie można go pomijać w analizach językoznawczych.

EN

The adverbs dokona and dokonce went through a similar process of etymological and semantic development. Both of them were relatively often used by Baroque authors to mean ‘úplně, zcela’ (‘fully, completely’), and – when used with negated verbs – ‘vůbec’ (‘at all’). Whereas dokona gradually became obsolete, dokonce is currently one of the most frequent means of expressing and emphasising graduation. Although these functions are not recorded in Jungmann’s dictionary, this article demonstrates that both dokona and dokonce had these features already in Baroque texts. It is evident, then, that the Baroque period is an important stage in the development of the Czech language, and that it must not be overlooked in linguistic studies.

2

Park – leksem i pojęcie

89%

Kleszczowa K.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2018

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tom 11

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nr 1

11-19

EN

The lexeme park should be characterized as an international word. While examining its form and semantics, it is necessary to make references to other languages, primarily to Indo-European ones. A Latin source is pointed out by Jaqueline Picoche – the word parc is derived from Lat. parrĭcus, registered in the 8th century, which was a derivative of the pre-Latin *parra ‘pole, rod’. In this case it is worth asking the following question: what is the source of the root of the word park in the Indo-European Latin language? The form of the word makes us suspect that it is a borrowing from a Semitic language, most likely Arabic. In the Arabic language قرف FRQ carries the meaning ‘to separate, to set apart’, and further nominal formations which are derived from it include farq – ‘separation, division’ and firq ‘part, division; group, herd, set’. The development of the present meaning of the word park represents a broader array of issues associated with the semantic shift. The observation of the lexical material, not only of Polish material, demonstrates the following direction: ‘enclosure → ‘an enclosed (closed) area’ → ‘an area which is not necessarily enclosed’. Such a regularity is observed also in the Old French jardin, in the English garden, in the Slavic words gród (Ch. hrad, Russ. город, OCS гродъ etc.); ogród (ob-gród), kraj (‘end, limit’ → ‘an area within some boundaries’). Today the meaning park ‘garden’, which is a link in the semantic chain, occupies the first place; other meanings are secondary, and the original ‘enclosure’ has become obsolete.

3

Clues to the chronology of Old Germanic loans in Romanian and in other South-East European languages

75%

Poruciuc A.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2015

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tom 15

EN

Clues to the chronology of Old Germanic loans in Romanian and in other South-East European languagesThe present article is directly based on the handout of the talk this author gave at the International Conference on Balkan Linguistics (6-7 May, 2013, Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University); therefore the subchapters and paragraphs observe the arrangement of the materials included in that handout. The first part contains a chronological table that reflects mainstream archaeological-historical information regarding the history of military-political actions and achievements of the Old Germanic populations in south-east Europe between the 3rd century BC and the 6th century of our era. Then concrete textual proofs follow, which are chronologically arranged and briefly commented upon. Finally, the author proposes interdisciplinary approaches based mainly on reference of linguistic features to historical stages and evolutions. Źródła danych do ustalenia chronologii pożyczek starogermańskich w języku rumuńskim i w innych językach Europy południowo-wschodniejArtykuł przygotowano w oparciu o dane zamieszczone w materiałach do referatu na konferencję „International Conference on Balkan Linguistics” (6-7 maja 2013, Toruń, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika); porządek poszczególnych podsekcji i paragrafów artykułu jest zatem zgodny ze strukturą tej prezentacji. Część pierwsza zawiera chronologiczne przedstawienie istotnych materiałów archeologiczno-historycznych na temat działań o charakterze militarno-politycznym oraz zdobyczy ludów starogermańskich w Europie południowo-wschodniej w okresie od III w. p.n.e. do VI w. n.e. W dalszej części przytoczono i krótko skomentowano uporządkowane chronologicznie konkretne dowody językowe. Na końcu znajduje się propozycja interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do tematu, oparta głównie na odniesieniu cech językowych do odpowiednich etapów historii i ewolucji językowej.

4

Prague Linguistic Circle in English : semantic shifts in selected texts and their consequences

75%

Ambros V.

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nr 2

148-161

EN

The author examines selected scholarly studies available in English translation, and the ways in which they form or deform the understanding of the Prague Linguistic Circle for the English speaking reader. The contribution aims to show how the semantic shifts alter some theoretical concepts of the Prague School theorists. The semantic shifts mentioned here are indicative of both individual concretization in the sense introduced by Roman Ingarden, and in its broader meaning formulated by Felix Vodička. The selected texts are mostly present in collections chosen by scholars, who are not necessarily specializing in drama or theatre. They contain three sorts of semantic shifts: terms, titles and editorial interventions.

5

Adverbia rovně, zrovna, jejich funkce a významové obměny v čase

51%

Klimešová M.

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nr 4

235-242

EN

This paper aims to describe and differentiate the diverse meanings of the adverbs rovně and zrovna during the different historical periods. It focuses on the usage of these expressions primarily in Middle Czech. Although a complete dictionary of Middle Czech is not yet available, we attempt to find the most significant functions of rovně and zrovna. Rovně is characterized by multiple meanings in Middle Czech, e.g. 'stejně', 'právě (v tu chvíli)' or 'rovnoměrně'. Zrovna does not occur until the Baroque period. However, it is much more frequent than rovně in contemporary Czech.