Artykuł dotyczy wykorzystania tzw. technik przesiewowych (screening techniques) w diagnostyce eksploatowanych urządzeń technicznych, zastosowanych głównie do wykrywania korozji/erozji w rurach i zbiornikach. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane techniki, ich możliwości i ograniczenia, a także korzyści z ich stosowania. Jednak celem artykułu nie jest szczegółowa prezentacja takich technik, lecz metodologia postępowania, gdy chcemy je wykorzystywać w programach nadzorowania urządzeń technicznych. Istotne jest, jak wybrać odpowiednią technikę do określonego zastosowania na podstawie wiedzy o tym, co chcemy wykryć i co dana technika „może wykryć” oraz jaki jest stopień zaufania w przypadku, gdy nie zostały wykryte żadne defekty.
EN
The paper describes the application of non-destructive testing in the diagnostic of operating technical equipment with particular emphasis on the so-called screening techniques, used primarily for the detection of corrosion / erosion in pipes and tanks. This paper presents some techniques and their capabilities and limitations, and benefits from their use. However, the objective of the paper is the methodology to use them in monitoring program of the operating equipment but not presentation of such techniques with the details. It is important to choose the appropriate technique for a specific application based on the knowledge about the expected defect and what is the level of trust in case you do not get any defects.
Recent studies showed, that ozone-induced gene expression occurs via at least two different signalling mechanisms that are ethylene-dependent (fi-1,3-glucanases) and ethylene-independent independent (stilbene synthase). To identify transacting factors involved in ozone-induced gene expression we analyzed a 150 bp PCR fragment of an ozone-responsive promoter segment of the grape vine resveratrol synthase gene (Vst1) in combination of a cDNA library prepared from ozone-treated tobacco plants, using the yeast one-hybrid screening system. Two cDNA clones that encode WRKY binding proteins were isolated by this screening technique. The open reading frame of NtWRKY10 and NtWRKYll showed an identity of 93.5 % and the deduced amino acid sequence an identity of 89.3 %. According to the WRKY domain classification in Arabidopsis, both proteins belong to subgroup II. Comparison with known tobacco WRKY proteins indicate that WRKY10 and WRKY11 belong to a new class of tobacco WRKY transcription factors. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) of yeast extracts, containing the WRKY fusion protein showed a weak binding to the radioaclively labelled 150 bp ozone-responsive Vst1 fragment. These results are consistent with an involvement of WRKY proteins in ozone-induced phytoalexin gene expression.