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EN
This article attempts to discuss borders of interpretation in the light of concrete poetry. The paper compares Franz Mon’s pieces to earlier works, especially A throw of the dice will never abolish chance by Stephane Mallarme. This research is conducted in the context of Mon’s and Mallarme’s metapoetic commentary, who both show interest in the categories of playing and musical scores. The article attempts to transfer this perspective into an interpretation of four texts by Mon.
EN
The global objective of this research was determining the relations between anthropometric variables with success in judo bout. The research was conducted on a sample of 122 subjects. The sample of variables consisted of 18 anthropometric measures, out of which three latent dimensions were isolated by the use of factor analysis. Three latent dimensions (factors) represent a set of predictive variables. Criterion is defined as a success in judo bout and it is represented by two criteria variables; number of wins and technical efficiency in judo bout. To test the relations of latent anthropometric variables with success in the bout the regression analysis was used. Statistically significant but low connections were found between anthropometric variables and the two criteria. As only the factor volume and mass of the body partially contribute to the explanation of criteria, one can conclude that the active muscle mass is in the background of achieved connection.
EN
This paper presents the framework of the Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) model with a variety of symmetric conditional densities of different time-varying hyperparameters. The distinctive trait and goal of the observation-driven GAS model is to use its score and information functions as the compeller of time-variation via hyper-parameters of conditional densities. 10 robust hyper-parametric conditional densities were used as random error drivers for the GAS model with an application to the price of the United States cooking gas in the period between 2005 and 2020. Out of the 10 robust hyper-parametric conditional noises for the GAS model, the Asymmetric Student–t with one tail decay parameter (AST1) outperformed other categories of its variants and other conditional densities subjected to the GAS model, achieving a minimum reduced-error performance of AIC=11943.277 and BIC=12014.525. The hyper-parametric model obtained a location score and scale score of - 1.2634 and 0.6636, respectively, while its location information and scale information was 0.2691 and 0.0362, respectively. Furthermore, the GAS model via AST1 proved more efficient than the core volatile conditional heteroscedasticity model of the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) at GARCH (1,1) via a Gaussian distributed noise.
EN
INTRODUCTION: One of the main causes of sudden cardiac death in the emergency department is myocardial infarction. Although there are several scores that helped predict an identified acute coronary incident, there was no quantitative tool available to risk stratifying patients with chest pain to support more decisions. The study is aimed to determine the prognostic accuracy of the HEART score as a predictor for major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency medicine department (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study included 83 adult patients presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction who had chest pain attending to the ED were studied their HEART score to predict major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: 60.24% of males and 39.76% of females with mean age of 57.83 ± 12.85 years were presented to ED. 44.56% had hypertension, 46.99% of diabetes mellitus, 21.69% of smoking, 16.87% of alcoholism, 4.82% of obesity, and 3.61% of patients with family history of cardiac diseases. 28.92% had non-specific repolarization, and 33.73% of patients had significant ST-Depression. According to Heart score, 26.51% of patients had low risk, 39.76% of patients had moderate risk, and 33.73% of patients had high risk. More percentage of male patient’s (67.9%) were in the high risk group of heart score than females (32.1%). ST-Depression cases were more in the high risk group (85.7%), and statistical significant association seen between ECG and the heart score (P<0.0001). among risk factors, Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus patients was more in the high risk groups with 48.6%, and 53.8% (P=0.001). 100% of high risk cases had ≥3 x normal limit of troponin, and there was a statistically association seen between troponin and heart score (P<0.0001). Diagnosis of HEART score of the low risk group showed that the risk factor had significantly higher AUC value (AUC = 0.801) than the age group (AUC = 0.778), history (AUC = 0.747), Troponin (AUC = 0.738), and ECG (AUC = 0.722). Out of 22 cases of the low risk group, 6 of Unstable angina (UA), 16 of NSTEMI, 4 of Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 2 CABG, and 1 cardiovascular (CV) death. For moderate risk group (n=33), 13 of UA, 17 of NSTEMI, 3 of STEMI, 20 of PCI, 14 of CABG, and 12 of CV deaths. For high risk group (n=28), 10 UA, 14 of NSTEMI, 3 of STEMI, 9 of PCI, 6 of CABG, and 4 number of CV death. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the HEART score should be used as the primary clinical decision tool for the risk stratification and a good predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department to promote their safe and efficient nature in a community hospital setting.
EN
Music and animals have been in a close relationship in the history of music: starting from musical instruments made of birds’ bones, through animal voices illustrated in medieval songs and presented in later instrumental music up to chirping and trilling written by Olivier Messian in his birdlike pieces and animal sounds recorded and matched with ideas of the 21st century composers. The purpose of this article is to show the change of the context in which animals were introduced in music from the ancient to contemporary period.
EN
Introduction. Soccer is a highly dynamic and acyclical game and a soccer player’s performance during a match involves a high variability of actions since. Aim of Study. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of endurance and speed skills of players from two top German Bundesliga teams on their teams’ final standings in the league table. Material and Methods. The study covered all 34 matches of the 2013/2014 season, and it consisted of 480 observations of 41 players. It was carried out using the Impire AG motion analysis system on the basis of official Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB) match reports. The players’ endurance skills were estimated on the basis of total distance covered during match play and distances in different intensity ranges. The players’ speed skills were assessed on the basis of the total number of performed sprints, sprinting distance, and maximal and mean running speed. Results. The results showed that the team which was ranked lower in the final league table scored higher in all players’ motor parameters than the team which was ranked higher. Conclusions. Pre-season motor preparation of top German Bundesliga teams is not the decisive determinant of the teams’ final standings in the league, and even the highest level of players’ skills does not guarantee reaching the championship position.
PL
Autorzy artykułu krytycznie omawiają klucz punktowania rozprawki stosowany na egzaminie gimnazjalnym w latach 2002–2011. Przedstawiają podejmowane w Instytucie Badań Edukacyjnych próby opracowania holistycznej skali oceny tej formy wypowiedzi, które przyczyniły się do wprowadzenia zasadniczej zmiany w ocenianiu egzaminacyjnej rozprawki oraz stały się inspiracją dla zespołu pracującego w Centralnej Komisji Egzaminacyjnej nad modernizacją egzaminu maturalnego z języka polskiego.
EN
The authors of the article give a critical analysis of the essay evaluation criteria used in the final lower secondary school examinations in the years 2002–2011. Subsequently they present the attempts at preparing a holistic scale of essay evaluation undertaken at the Educational Research Institute. The attempts eventually resulted in the implementation of a significant modification in the essay evaluation criteria, which provided an inspiration for the team working on the modernization of the final general lower secondary school of Polish language examination.
EN
The article is a collection of information necessary for performing validation by laboratories. The basic concepts have been defined, the purpose of the validation is described, outlining the various steps that a validation process should contain. The article also proposes which parameters should be assessed during validation and how to complete all documentation in the form of a protocol.
PL
Artykuł jest zbiorem niezbędnych informacji dotyczących wykonywania walidacji przez laboratoria. Zdefiniowano podstawowe pojęcia, przedstawiono w jakim celu przeprowadza się walidację, nakreślając przy tym poszczególne etapy, z których powinna składać się walidacja. W artykule zawarto również propozycję parametrów ocenianych podczas walidacji oraz jak należy skompletować całą dokumentację w formę protokołu.
EN
This article is a republication of an unknown poem by Norwid, entitled Blade kłosy na odłogu [Pale ears on the fallow...]. The text is taken from the sheet music edition of two songs published by Kazimierz Lubomirski (the latter song is authored by Lucjan Siemieński), developed for voice and piano. Most probably, the score was published in the spring of 1851. The article attempts to unveil the circumstances of how the work came into being and it settles the problem of its unclear authorship and roots. Moreover, it shows a story of a musical piece that has for long remained unknown, and which was well-recognized in the realm of household musical culture at the turn of the 20th century.
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Content available Podstawy motywacji osiągnięć fachowca turystyki
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EN
The article deals with the motivation of specialist tourism industry achievement. Psychologists distinguish two main groups of motives. The first concerns the achievement of a just solution, the search for truth, formation of appropriate situational behavior. The second is the need to maintain a sense of dignity, self-respect due to the opinion of other people. Other important motives relate to cognitive matching, coexistence with the environment, the need for achievement in a particular field of activity, in particular, specific discoveries, the desire to do something different, to reach a high level of financial status, to implement the planned career. It is stressed that in the case of essence of human nature motivation based on the sense of connection between human actions and their results, namely the internal sense of control, a person is successful. Achievement motivation involves a person’s ability to take responsibility for the future, considering the fact that people with internal locus of control deal better with difficult situations while achieving success. The most important component of achievement motivation is self-confidence. The one, who believes in himself and knows him to be able to cope with life’s difficulties in achieving goals, is able to succeed. The main components of achievement motivation are: specific objectives, conscious need for achievements, and the desire to know the real conditions of activity, search for favorable circumstance of cooperation with the employers, appropriate knowledge, skills and competence. The basic principles of achievement motivation of specialist tourism industry achievements: self-improvement, the ability to take risks, readiness for sustainable development in the context of socio-economic changes, systemic perception of the activity situations as situations of achieving success
PL
W artykule rozpatruje się wpływ motywacji osiągnięć człowieka, w tym fachowca turystyki, na odpowiednie formy ludzkiego zachowania, wyróżniając dwie główne grupy motywów. Pierwsza odnosi się do osiągnięcia prawidłowego rozwiązania problemu, tworzenia odpowiedniego zachowania sytuacyjnego. Druga wiąże się z koniecznością zachowania godności, samooceny spowodowanej opinią innych. Motywacja osiągnięć przewiduje istnienie poczucia związku między własnymi działaniami i ich skutkami, wzięcie odpowiedzialności za swoją przyszłość. Najważniejszym elementem motywacji osiągnięć jest zaufanie. Człowiek, który wierzy w siebie, jest zdolny do podołać wszystkim trudnościom i osiągać konkretne cele. Głównymi składnikami osiągnięć motywacyjnych są: konkretne cele; świadoma potrzeba osiągnięć, aspiracje w zakresie wiedzy o rzeczywistych warunkach pracy, znalezienie sposobów współpracy ze współczesnymi pracodawcami, nowoczesna wiedza, umiejętności i kompetencje. Podstawą motywacji osiągnięć współczesnego człowieka jest: samodoskonalenie, zdolność do podejmowania ryzyka, gotowość do zrównoważonego rozwoju w kontekście zmian społeczno-gospodarczych
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EN
This article is a republication of an unknown poem by Norwid, entitled Blade kłosy na odłogu [Pale ears on the fallow...]. The text is taken from the sheet music edition of two songs published by Kazimierz Lubomirski (the latter song is authored by Lucjan Siemieński), developed for voice and piano. Most probably, the score was published in the spring of 1851. The article attempts to unveil the circumstances of how the work came into being and it settles the problem of its unclear authorship and roots. Moreover, it shows a story of a musical piece that has for long remained unknown, and which was well-recognized in the realm of household musical culture at the turn of the 20th century.
EN
This article is a republication of an unknown poem by Norwid, entitled Blade kłosy na odłogu [Pale ears on the fallow...]. The text is taken from the sheet music edition of two songs published by Kazimierz Lubomirski (the latter song is authored by Lucjan Siemieński), developed for voice and piano. Most probably, the score was published in the spring of 1851. The article attempts to unveil the circumstances of how the work came into being and it settles the problem of its unclear authorship and roots. Moreover, it shows a story of a musical piece that has for long remained unknown, and which was well-recognized in the realm of household musical culture at the turn of the 20th century.
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