Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Construction of the Measurement Scale for Consumer’s Attitudes in the Frame of One-Parametric Rasch Model

100%

Tarka P. , Poznan University of Economics D. o. M. R. a. S.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2013

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tom 286

EN

The article discusses issues concerning the scale design based on one-parametric Rasch model in the context of consumers’ attitudes. The first part describes the specificity of the measurement in the light of Item Response Theory (IRT). In particular the attention is paid to the nature of the dichotomous data used in the model. At last, the author presents the scale in reference to attitudes of people towards their hedonistic, consumer lifestyle.

PL

W artykule autor omawia zagadnienia dotyczące konstrukcji skali pomiarowej postaw konsumenckich w kontekście jednoparametrycznego modelu Rascha. W pierwszej części opisano specyfikę pomiaru w świetle teorii reakcji na odpowiedzi (IRT) oraz założenia teoretyczne stanowiące podbudowę konstrukcji skal pomiarowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na charakter danych dychotomicznych. W końcowej części opracowania zaprezentowano problem badawczy w sferze konstrukcji skali do analizy postaw konsumentów wobec konsumpcyjno-hedonistycznego stylu życia. W pomiarze wykorzystano jednoparametryczny model Rascha.

2

Development and verification of the scale formation model during high temperature oxidation for S235 steel

100%

Przyłucka A. , Cebo-Rudnicka A. , Rywotycki M. , Augustyn-Nadzieja J. , Malinowski Z.

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2020

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tom Vol. 20, No. 4

139--146

EN

Every year rapid industrialization and the following urbanization fuel the global demand for steel. The use of steel products contributes to the sustainable development of society. The scale growth mechanism accompanies the high-temperature plastic working of metals and alloys. The article focuses on the thickness of the scale formed as a result of annealing steel samples in a furnace. Samples made of S235 (A283C) steel were heated at two temperatures, 1100ºC and 1200ºC, for 8 minutes. The amount of scale formed was determined on the basis of photos taken with a light microscope. The transformed equations of steel oxidation kinetics were used in the computational part. The scale thickness obtained numerically corresponded to the scale formed in real conditions. The aim of the research was to adjust the scale growth model on steel so that it gives correct results in relation to the actual thickness of the formed oxidized layer.

3

Tactility, detail, and scale in the photography of sculpture

100%

Thein K.

Umění (Art)

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 5

350-367

EN

In the wake of the recent surge of interest in the relation between sculpture and photography, the article revisits the photography’s capacity to convey the haptic qualities of sculpted matter. Starting from the logic of supplementarity, whereby a photograph reveals something that we do not notice while meeting the sculpture itself, the article focuses on the photographic detail and its inherent tactility as the materiality’s own surprising touch. At the same time, a close attention is paid to the role of scale in the photography of sculpture and to the connection between the impact of the detail and the play of scale, which makes us aware of the uncertain borderline between image and mental image. Different from measurable size, scale enters our perception of the photographed sculpture as something irreducible to the detail understood as the matter’s signature. While being a more abstract agent than the more directly tactile detail, scale has its own mode of addressing the viewer by making her suddenly aware of her own situation. The more personal nature of this address makes it possible to connect the scale, rather than the detail in its more usual iconographic sense, to Roland Barthes’ notion of the punctum as, first and foremost, a mental event. However, as the article makes clear, this event, whereby a detail expands mentally and independently on any measurable size, cannot occur without the underlying relief-like or tactile qualities of the photographs themselves. To support this interpretation of the productive tension between the detail and the scale, the article discusses a series of examples (starting with the early daguerreotypes) and appeals to a broad range of studies, from Herder through Aloïs Riegl and Ronald Barthes to the most recent debates.

CS

V návaznosti na řadu zkoumání, jež zdůrazňují zvláštní povahu fotografií sochařských děl, vychází článek ze schopnosti fotografie sdělit hmatné kvality, tradičně chápané jako doména sochařského umění včetně nízkého reliéfu. Východiskem předložené interpretace je schopnost fotografie nejen upozornit na detaily, které lze při vnímání děl samých přehlédnout, ale tyto detaily pomocí světla a stínu vytvářet. Výklad vztahu mezi sochařským a fotografickým detailem je následně doplněn o zkoumání měřítka, jež hraje ve vnímání fotografií sochařských děl samostatnou roli: na rozdíl od přímočaře látkového detailu působí měřítko nezávisle na dané měřitelné velikosti a oslovuje diváka svým specifickým způsobem, spjatým s činností vnitřní vizualizace. Vědomí měřítka, které v nás může fotografický detail vyvolat, vede od vnímaného díla k dalším představám, jejichž osobnější povaha se nutně týká divákovy situace ve světě. Odtud přirozené propojení otázky měřítka s fotografickým oslovením, jemuž dává Roland Barthes jméno punctum a jehož odlišnost od tradičního ikonografického detailu spočívá v tom, že je realizováno v divákově mysli, v níž se rozpíná nezávisle na uspořádání vnějšího obrazu. Článek přitom zdůrazňuje, že nezbytnou podmínkou tohoto oslovení a s ním spojené hry měřítka zůstávají hmatové kvality fotografie samé a jejich schopnost věrně evokovat povahu sochařského reliéfu. Výsledné čtení produktivního napětí mezi tradičním detailem a měřítkem, jehož proměnlivost ztělesňuje punctum, se opírá o řadu příkladů počínaje ranými daguerrotypy a využívá širokého spektra dalších studií, sahajícího od Herderovy Plastik přes Aloïse Riegla a Rolanda Barthese po současné diskuse.

4

Psychometric properties of the French versions of the Perceived Stress Scale

100%

Lesage F.-X. , Berjot S. , Deschamps F.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2012

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tom 25

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nr 2

178-184

EN

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the French versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and to compare the appropriateness of the three versions of this scale (14 items, 10 items, or 4 items) in a sample of workers. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and one workers were randomly selected in several occupational health care centers of the North of France during 2010. Participants completed a questionnaire including demographic variables and the PSS. The psychometric properties of this scale were analyzed: internal consistency, factorial structure, and discriminative sensibility. Results: For the PSS-14 and PSS-10, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) provided a two-factor structure, corresponding to the positively and negatively worded items. Those two factors were significantly correlated (r = 0.43 and 0.50, respectively). For the PSS-4, the EFA yielded a one-factor structure. The reliability was high for all three versions of the PSS (Cronbach’s α values ranged from 0.73 to 0.84). The results concerning the effects of age, gender, marital, parental and occupational statuses showed that the 10-item version had the best discriminative sensibility. Conclusions: The findings confirmed satisfactory psychometric properties of all the three French versions of the PSS. We recommend the use of the PSS-10 in research settings because of its good psychometric properties.

5

Beurteilung und Selbstbeurteilung im Studienbegleitenden Deutschunterricht

100%

AMELINA S.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2013

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tom 4

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nr 2

294-298

EN

The article deals with questions of evaluation and self-evaluation of knowledge of foreign language of students in the learning process in higher education. Approaches to the evaluation of the „Framework Program in German language for professional communication for higher educational institutions of Ukraine” are presented.

6

Effect of spatial scale on relationship between plant species richness and microclimate in a forested ecosystem

100%

Xu M. , Qi Y.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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tom Vol. 48, nr 1

77-88

EN

This study examined how the correlation between plant species richness and microclimate varies when aggregation scales change from 10 to 3000 m. We measured soil moisture and air, soil and soil surface temperatures in the Southeastern Missouri Ozarks. Measurement were taken every 10 m along a 4250 m transect during the 1996 growing season. Plants up to 2 m above ground were sampled using 1 x 1 m^2 plots to record average height and coverage by species. We found that the correlation between understory plant species richness and temperature was, in general, highly dependent on spatial scale. The correlation coefficients were small, or even negative, at small scales, and the highest correlation occured around the 1500 m scale. Univariate linear regression analysis at 1500 m scale indicated that growing season mean temperatures of air, soil, and soil surface explained 83%, 76%, and 74% of the total variance in species richness, respectively. Microclimate variables, including seasonal mean, minimum and maximum temperatures of air, soil, and soil surface and seasonal soil moisture, explained 98% of the total variance in plant species richness (R^2=0,98, n=277, P<0,01) at 1500m scale. The results from this study suggest that the species-energy theory was adequately supported at certain spatial scales (around 1500m in this case), but less supported at other scales within the range under study. The findings indicate the necessity, feasibility, and difficulty to incorporate spatial scales explicitly into the species-energy theory.

7

The verification of the influence of heating steel charge parameters on the thickness of scale layer

100%

Benduch A. , Boryca J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2013

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tom Vol. 7, nr 18

1--5

EN

Parameters of heating are understood as the conditions in which heating process is conducted to obtain the required steel properties. During the heating process, on the surface of heated elements, layer of scale is formed as a by-product,. The selection of appropriate heating parameters allows for achieving the required layer of scale, and thus the predictability of the process effects . The article presents sample calculations of heating parameters for the charge of steel and the analysis of the results of conducted experiments.

8

Ryzyko braku relacji zawodowych. Konstrukcja Skali Niepewności Zatrudnienia w Sytuacji Pandemii

100%

Chirkowska-Smolak T. , Czumak M.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

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2021

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tom 51

145-164

EN

In a pandemic situation, anxiety about work has added to anxiety about the perceived threat to health or life. Job insecurity is a stressor that causes deterioration of mental and physical health, but also leads to behaviors that have negative consequences for the organization. The anxiety related to fears about the future of work may be increased due to limited contacts with co-workers (remote work, forced downtime) and social isolation, while social support is one of the most important stress buffer factors. In this article, we present the results of research on the construction of a scale for measuring job uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

9

High Temperature Oxidation Process of P91 Steel in CO2 Atmosphere Containing SO2

88%

Kominko H. , Jaroń A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, iss. 4

1597--1602

EN

In order to improve the efficiency of power generation system and reduce CO2 emissions power plants work at high temperature and pressure. Under such conditions modified steel 9Cr, which fulfils the requirements concerning creep resistance, isused. However, Cr2O3 formed on the steel does not protect the construction material in the atmosphere which contains CO2 and SO2. The aim of the experiment was to study the behaviour of P91 steel in CO2 atmosphere with the addition of 1% and 5 vol.% of SO2 at different temperatures (700, 800 and 900°C). It was concluded that the corrosion rate of P91 steel is increasing with a rise in temperature. Scales formed in CO2 atmosphere at 900°C contain a mixture of iron oxides in the outer layer and chromium-iron spinel in the inner layer. The FeS and Ni were found in the inner zone of scales formed in SO2 atmosphere.

10

Characteristic of Oxide Layers Obtained on Titanium in the Process of Thermal Oxidation

88%

Aniołek K. , Kupka M. , Barylski A. , Mieszczak Ł.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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tom Vol. 61, iss. 2A

853--856

EN

Thermal oxidation in air may be one method to improve the properties of titanium and its alloys through its influence on the structure and properties of the material’s surface layer. This paper presents a description of oxide layers obtained on the surface of Grade 2 titanium as a result of oxidation at temperatures of 600 and 700°C. On the basis of kinetic curves, it was found that the intensity of oxide layer growth increased with oxidation temperature. Studies of the surface morphology of oxide layers showed that the size of the formed oxide particles was greater following oxidation at 600°C. The obtained layers were subjected to X-ray phase analysis and microhardness measurements. Irrespective of oxidation temperature, the scale consisted of TiO2 oxide in the crystallographic form of rutile and of Ti3O oxide. The hardness of oxide layers amounted to around 1265 HV and was more than 4 times higher compared to the material in i ts initial state.

11

A global perspective on denudation data, primarily specific sediment yield in mountainous regions

88%

Slaymaker O.

Landform Analysis

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2018

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tom Vol. 36

19--31

EN

A brief review of the evolution of denudation research since the 1960s is followed by a review of specific sediment yield variability in mountainous regions of the world as a function of spatial scale, relief, glaciation, lithology and disturbance type and location within the basin. A general model of scalar relations of suspended sediment yield for Canadian regions warns against comparing data from basins with areas ranging over several orders of magnitude. A regional summary of specific sediment yield in mountainous British Columbia confirms that in basins <1 km2 and >30,000 km2 specific sediment yield decreases with basin size whereas in basins of intermediate size (between 1 km˛ and 30,000 km˛) specific sediment yield increases with basin size. This effect is interpreted in terms of three distinct process zones in every mountain basin. These zones can be characterized as a) generally degrading hillslope zones, b) generally aggrading footslopes and valley sides, and c) channelized flows on valley floors demonstrating either net aggradation or degradation. These are identifiable repeating elements in such landscapes. Suspended sediment yield data from mountainous regions around the world are considered in light of the British Columbia model. Some support for the model is found where basins are stratified according to scale, relief, lithology, disturbance types, and location within each basin. Disturbance types include the presence of glaciers, land use activities of various kinds, such as increasing population pressure in the intertropical montane zone, changing population distribution and associated economic activities in the temperate montane zone, and potentially hydroclimate change.

12

Communicative dynamism and prosodic prominence in presentation sentences with initial rhematic subjects

88%

Adam M. , Headlandová Kalischová I.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2017

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tom 27

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nr 1

57-69

EN

Within the framework of the theory of functional sentence perspective (Firbas 1992), the distinction between presentation and quality scale sentences plays a vital role. The present paper proposes to shed light on one of the most common configurations of presentation sentences, viz. structures with initial rhematic subject (e.g. an uninvited dwarf came), examining the way native speakers place the intonation centre in such structures, i.e. to map the correspondence between the degrees of communicative dynamism and prosodic prominence. For the purpose of the investigation selected chapters from Tolkien’s The Hobbit are used.

13

Implementing the nexus at various scales: Local and regional perspectives

88%

Aarnoudse E. , Leentvaar J.

Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems

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2015

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tom 2

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nr 1

EN

Many issues in the water, energy and agricultural sector are in fact crosscutting issues, which can only be solved by a nexus approach. A nexus approach means that management solutions account for synergies and tradeoffs between the sectors. Critical issues emerging across the three sectors ask for different policies at different governance levels. However, at each level of policy making the impact at local level should be an important point of reference. In line with this, the case of the Aral Sea Basin in Central Asia exemplifies how international energy politics affect local farmers’ access to irrigation water. Moreover, a comparative study of three states in India shows that local differences in the implementation of the nexus approach can lead to different outcomes in terms of groundwater and electricity use for agriculture. These two examples underline that to implement a nexus approach; the local perspective should not be overlooked, even when policies are designed at higher governance levels.

14

Polska adaptacja Kwestionariusza Motywów Biegaczy do Biegania

88%

Dybała M.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2013

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nr 40

118-128

EN

Background. Despite a growing number of marathoners and evoking interest and attention, there is no tool to measure their motives for running in Poland. The study presents an adaptation of the tool measuring those motives: The Motivations of Marathoners Scales (Masters, Ogles and Jolton, 1993). Material and methods. The original tool consists of 56 items divided into nine scales: (1) general health orientation, (2) weigh concern, (3) affiliation, (4) recognition, (5) competition, (6) personal goal achievement, (7) psychological coping, (8) self-esteem, (9) life meaning. Characteristics of the original scales are presented, including confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity measurements. The adaptation was made taking participants of the two biggest marathons in Poland in 2011 as the subjects (N = 126). Results. After the adaptation procedure, the 41-item instrument was built. The scales presented have good internal consistency indices. Results of the reliability and validity assessment of the scales as well as confirmatory factor analysis of the model is as good as in the original MOMS. Conclusion. Adapted questionnaire is good enough for being used for scientific as well as practical purposes. It can be used for marathon runners as well as runners of other distances or even non runners. As a qualitative tool it can be also used for other disciplines.

15

Na dobre czy na złe? Wspólny kryzys a dobro wspólne

88%

Michalski M. A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2013

|

tom 16

51-62

EN

Crisis, sometimes associated with historically distant times or centrally planned economies, has turned out to be one of the main contemporary issues. Hence different systems like socialism and capitalism become similar in their inability to reply to expectations for a safe, peaceful and abundant life. It means that economic problems are more complex in their nature. Thorough analysis of the roots of different crises should therefore reach deeper than just economic explanations. This is the point where ethical and cultural explanations may be useful because they strive to explore the socio-cultural fabric at its foundations in the hierarchy of values and vision of human beings and society. When it comes to contemporary crisis the problem is twofold: firstly, there is the threat that the crisis will be treated inadequately and not realistically in consequence. Secondly, the roots ofthe crisis may not be diagnosed properly, which may lead to false ‘treatment’. This article is an attempt to highlight the above issues and analyse them in the context ofthe common good approach, which seems to offer valuable potential to understand the difficulties properly and offer a reasonable plan for recovery.

16

How to assess quality of life. Theoretical and methodological research aspects in cross-border regions

88%

Angelovič M. , Ištok R.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2016

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tom 32

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nr 32

19-32

EN

In our paper we deal with both the theoretical and methodological aspects of our research, which focuses on the quality of life in cross-border regions. The aim of the paper is to draw on the methodological system for assessment of the quality of life in those regions, taking into consideration both the objective and subjective dimension. The first part of the paper contains the use of qualitative methods when assessing the quality of life, which, in our understanding, are not sufficiently applied in the process of assessment of quality, not only in the field of Geography. We also focus on the definition of the key terms related to our work, such as ‘quality of life, border and border-region/neighbour’. The main emphasis of our work lies in the formulation of the theoretical and methodological model of the quality of life assessment in the cross-border regions. The methodological outline of researching this issue is presented in the chart. The scale of the region is a key element we take into consideration, since it is significant when choosing the appropriate method of life quality assessment. We also distinguish between the application of both the qualitative and quantitative research methods on various scales. In our opinion, the representation of the qualitative methods in research should increase with the increase in the scale of the area researched. In the conclusion we provide selected outcomes of our research at various scales, which confirm the validity of our theoretical basis, since we came to various findings, depending on the scales researched.

17

Digitalizacja powierzchni w aplikacjach mikro, mezo i makro

75%

Wieczorowski M.

Mechanik

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2018

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tom R. 91, nr 11

944--949

PL

Przedstawiono wizję metrologii długości i kąta w czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej, określanej jako Przemysł 4.0. Omówiono problemy i uwarunkowania z tym związane w kontekście możliwości przyrządów pomiarowych i człowieka. Zaprezentowano pojęcie skali i jej podział na różne zakresy, tzn. makro, mikro i mezo. Opisano, na czym polega digitalizacja i jakie spełnia zadania w każdym z tych obszarów.

EN

In the paper a concept of length and angle metrology in fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 was presented. Problems and conditions as well as limitations connected with measurement possibilities from devices and man point of view were shown. Scale as metrology term with its division to different ranges, i.e. macro, micro and meso were described. For each of these areas digitization and its tasks were presented.

18

Przyczepność zgorzeliny w procesie nagrzewania wsadu stalowego

75%

Kieloch M. , Boryca J. , Piechowicz Ł.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2005

|

tom Vol. 72, nr 1

7-12

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano stanowisko do nagrzewania próbek i zbijania z nich zgorzeliny. Przedstawiono metodykę badań przyczepności zgorzeliny do podłoża stalowego. Dokonano analizy wpływu parametrów cieplnochemicznych na przyczepność i opracowano odpowiednie zależności. W pracy omówiono technologiczne aspekty przyczepności zgorzeliny w procesie nagrzewania wsadu stalowego przed przeróbką plastyczną.

EN

A testing stand for heating specimens and removing scale from them is presented in this article. A methodology for the measurement of the adhesion of scale to the steel substrate is provided. The analysis of the effect of thermo-chemical parameters on scale adherence has been performed and suitable relationships have been derived. The technological aspects of scale adhesion in the process of heating steel before plastic working in this article provided.

19

Construction and validation of the Areas of Academic Life Scale to measure organizational risk factors for student burnout

75%

Chirkowska-Smolak T. , Piorunek M. , Garbacik Ż.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2023

|

tom 36

|

nr 6

798-811

EN

Objectives Academic burnout poses a challenge to the educational process. Higher education institutions have responsibilities similar to the ones of management in business settings. These institutions are responsible for creating conditions conducive to development and, as such, may be interested in verifying the presence of student burnout and pinpointing its causes. The purpose of this study was to answer these needs and develop a scale to measure the effect of organizational factors that may predict student burnout. Material and Methods This paper reports the results of a study conducted on a sample of Polish students (N = 659) to construct and validate a multidimensional measure of organizational factors impacting academic burnout, focusing on students. For background purposes and as a starting point, the authors used the concept of the areas of worklife by Ch. Maslach and M. Leiter, who identified 6 areas of the work environment that affect the relationships people develop with their work, i.e., workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. Results The authors assessed the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity and performed confirmatory factor analysis of the new scale to measure 6 areas of academic life. Given the results of this study, the scale can be recommended as an adequate tool to measure organizational (academic) factors of burnout in students. Conclusions The authors have validated the final scale, which can be used to advance the understanding of the academic burnout phenomenon.

20

Comparing measures of religiosity and spirituality in the experience of emotions – Development and Validation of a Scale of Non-Spiritual Religiosity

75%

Da Silva J. P. , Pereira A. M. S. , Monteiro S. O. M. , Bartolo A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2020

|

tom 51

|

nr 1