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2
88%
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2011
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tom 13
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nr 6
EN
The article analyses the regional and cohesion policy background for establishing the major instruments of EU regional policy for Eastern Poland, namely the Operational Programme Development of Eastern Poland for 2007-2013 and five Regional Operational Programmes for Warminsko-Mazurskie, Podlaskie, Lubelskie, Świętokrzyskie and Podkarpackie Voivodships. The discussion focuses on their role not only in evening interregional disparities, but also in supporting rural regions lagging behind in economic development. This gives basis to concluding on the model of regional policy applied in Eastern Poland in 2007-2013 and its adequacy to existing social and economic conditions.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia główne instrumenty unijnej polityki regionalnej dla Polski Wschodniej, tj. Program Operacyjny Polska Wschodnia, PO Warmia i Mazury, PO Województwa Świętokrzyskiego, PO Województwa Lubelskiego, PO Województwa Podlaskiego i PO Województwa Podkarpackiego na lata 2007-2013, na tle głównych założeń i priorytetów unijnej polityki regionalnej i polityki spójności. Opracowanie koncentruje się na roli wymienionych instrumentów nie tylko w wyrównywaniu międzyregionalnych różnic, ale także na ich roli pomocowej dla obszarów wiejskich, a tym samym dla wyrównywania wewnątrzregionalnych różnic rozwojowych. Stanowi to jednocześnie podstawę dla wniosków dotyczących modelu polityki regionalnej realizowanego w Polsce Wschodniej w latach 2007-2013 i jego dostosowania to istniejących uwarunkowań społeczno-ekonomicznych.
EN
The paper proposes synthetic index characterizing regional energy supply, useful in the monitoring of sustainable logistics of this process. This index takes into account the annual consumption of electricity, heat and gas, as well as annual biomass resources for energy use, calculated per capita. The proposed index was used for the analysis of territorial differentiation of sustainable energy supply and the changes that have occurred in this area in 2004-2013. Calculations and analysis are show using the example of rural areas of the Podkarpacie Region.
PL
W pracy zaproponowano wskaźnik syntetyczny charakteryzujący regionalne zaopatrzenie w energię, przydatny w monitorowaniu zrównoważonej logistyki tego procesu. Wskaźnik ten uwzględnia roczne zużycie energii elektrycznej, ciepła i gazu oraz zasoby biomasy możliwe do energetycznego wykorzystania przeliczone na jednego mieszkańca. Zaproponowany wskaźnik wykorzystano do analizy terytorialnego zróżnicowania zrównoważonego zaopatrzenia w energię oraz zmian jakie zaszły w tym zakresie w latach 2004-2013. Obliczenia i analizy przedstawiono na przykładzie terenów wiejskich Podkarpacia.
EN
The Photovoltaic solar cells convert the radiant energy from the Sun directly to electricity. Solar photovoltaic systems can help to fulfil the entire energy demands in rural areas by harnessing all the opportunities and potentials. The water is an important element in the life of plants, animals and human being. In this paper, it has been studied that solar energy could be used for water pumping applications such as providing water to rural and remote areas. It is being practiced in south Libya. The data is being collected over two years by measuring the water flow on daily basis at pumping head of (35m). In addition, this presents an evaluation of PV system in water pumping and piping systems and estimation of pumping energy cost. The solar pumping systems depend on water flow rate, pumping head and solar irradiance. The system components contain inverter, pump and PV generator. Besides, the effects of the climate and operating conditions on the performance of PV pumping systems has been discussed.
EN
Monitoring studies of environmental (soil, water, grass and cereals) and biological materials (tissues of hens, eggs, cow’s milk) in the industrialized area of the Legnica-Głogów copper mine district (LGOM-copper region) and Jeleniogórska Valley (KJG) were carried out in order to determine the content of mercury. Low concentrations, at levels naturally occurring in the environment, were determined. The content of this metal in soil, plants, water, poultry tissues and raw cow’s milk was slightly elevated in both the industrial (LGOM-copper region) and ecologically clean (KJG) regions.
EN
The aim of the present study was to identify any possible protective effects of wild greens on certain biochemical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in elderly women leaving in rural Crete. For the needs of the study a region with high consumption of wild greens (Avdou) and a region with low consumption (Anogia) were identified and a representative population from each area was recruited (n= 37 and n=35 respectively). Serum lipids and fibrinogen levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), soluble intercellular adhesion molucule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molucule-1 (s-ICAM-1) and haematological factors were measured in both regions during winter and summer time when wild-green plants consumption is high and low, respectively. Regarding classic lipid risk factors for arteriosclerosis no significant different between the two regions were detected. TAC was found higher in Avdou compared to Anogia during winter screening, but null in both regions during summer. Fibrinogen was found higher in Avdou compared to Anogia while no differences between the two regions were detected for sVCAM-1 and s-ICAM-1 in both screenings. The significantly higher TAC and fibrinogen values detected in Avdou could be attributed to the higher wild green consumption in that region since resent data indicated that their content in vitamin C and E as well as flavonoids is particularly high.
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