Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zooplankton phosphorus excretion in Swarzędzkie Lake (Western Poland) and its influence on phytoplankton

100%

Kowalczewska-Madura K. , Gołdyn R. , Szyper H.

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 36, No.1

3-16

EN

Zooplankton phosphorus excretion was studied in Swarzędzkie Lake in 2000-2002. Phosphorus excretion rates were high from spring through autumn, but low in winter. The highest value, 203.7 žgP l-1 d-1 (vertical profile mean), was recorded in June 2000. The mean rate was 26.6 žgP l-1 d-1 and was 10 times greater for rotifers than for both cladocerans and copepods. In most months, the calculated phosphorus excretion rate was greater than the sum of tributary external phosphorus loading and internal bottom sediment loading. Nevertheless, the influence of the zooplankton phosphorus excretion rate on yearly phytoplankton abundance, biomass and chlorophyll a was not statistically significant. Yearly variance in phytoplankton variables was best explained by a canonical variable composed of internal loading and zooplankton phosphorus excretion (total redundancy 32.8%).

2

Has zooplankton 24 hour vertical distribution pattern in Lough Derg (Ireland) been changed over the period of ~90 years?

100%

Pociecha A. , McCarthy T. K.

|

2011

|

tom Vol. 40, No.3

28-35

EN

The vertical distribution of zooplankton was examined in Lough Derg, Ireland. Zooplankton was collected at one location every 2 m from the surface to the bottom during 24 hours at four-hour intervals. Zooplankton was identified to the species level and its density was calculated for each taxon, depth and hour. We recorded 9 rotifer, 3 copepod, and 4 cladoceran species. The highest total zooplankton density (rotifers, copepods, cladocerans, mysids and zebra mussel larvae) was recorded at 3 a.m. Rotifers preferred mainly a depth from 0 to 8 m, while copepods and cladocerans were observed within the whole water column during a 24 hour observation. It was a different pattern of diurnal migration than that Southern and Gardiner (1932) received, though they didn’t study rotifers. Probably food concentration and/or predators, or other environmental factors could influence the diel vertical migration of zooplankton from Loug Derg.

3

The impact of biometric parameters of a hydromacrophyte habitat on the structure of zooplankton communities in various types of small water bodies

100%

Kuczyńska-Kippen N. , Nagengast B. , Joniak T.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 38, No.2

99-108

EN

Hydromacrophyte habitats, which can differ in a multiplicity of biometric parameters, are among the most important factors affecting zooplankton community structure. The main goal of this work was to determine the impact of plant habitat parameters expressed by density, biomass, and plant volume along with chemical features on the composition and dynamics of rotifer and crustacean communities. A number of small water bodies of different origin (12) located in different catchment areas of the Wielkopolska region were analyzed. It was found that helophytes and nymphaeids had the highest biomass and the lowest stem density, while elodeids were of the lowest biomass and the greatest stem density. Similarity analysis confirmed this distribution of biometric parameters among particular ecological groups of macrophytes. The greatest numbers of zooplankton were noted among vegetated zones, which supports the idea of zooplankton using macrophytes as anti-predator refuge. Based on the study of a total of 23 plant stands, it was found that macrophyte biomass and the density of the plant habitat were the strongest predictors of three biometric parameters of zooplankton abundance.

4

The diurnal distribution of the zooplankton community of the littoral zone of Lake Wielkowiejskie (Wielkopolski National Park, Poland)

100%

Kuczyńska-Kippen N. , Milecka E.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 38, No.2

91-98

EN

The main aim of this study was to analyze the diel distribution of zooplankton communities within the zones of Nymphaea albae, Myriophyllum verticillatum, and Typha angustifolia, and, compared to that, in the open water area of a lake. It also aimed to analyze the relationship between zooplankton densities and the concentration of physicochemical factors and chlorophyll a content. A total of 149 zooplankton taxa were noted, and, despite the narrow range of the research in the analyzed lake, some rare species were noted, among which two - Colurella sinistra and Lecane inopinata – were recorded for the first time among Polish fauna. The rush zone was taxonomically the richest, while the open water area was the poorest. The highest number of individuals was observed in the Myriophyllum bed, while the lowest was noted in the zone dominated by Nymphaea alba. The highest densities of zooplankton occurred at dusk, while the lowest occurred during the day, irrespective of the sampling station. Because Lake Wielkowiejskie is a shallow and macrophyte-dominated water body, the differences in the diurnal distribution of zooplankton communities may suggest horizontal migrations between the pelagic zone and the phytolittoral, as well as between particular macrophyte stands. A positive correlation between the densities of some zooplankters and the concentration of chlorophyll a was found, while a negative relationship with the concentration of nitrites was recorded for Lecane quadridentata and Alonella nana.

5

Zooplankton community structure within various macrophyte stands of a small water body in relation to seasonal changes in water level

86%

Kuczyńska-Kippen N. , Nagengast B. , Celewicz-Gołdyn S. , Klimko M.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 38, No.3

125-133

EN

Different morphological features of particular water bodies, physical and chemical factors of their waters and sediments will have an impact on the development of specific aquatic vegetation types, which in turn will affect the creation of specific communities of plankton organisms. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyse the quantity and quality changes of macrophyte structure in relation to the lowering of the water level. Furthermore, the relationship between zooplankton community densities and environmental parameters was studied. Another aspect of the study was to investigate the similarity of the zooplankton communities of particular sampling stations in the three examined seasons. The study was carried out on Dąbrówka water body, a shallow and macrophyte-dominated pond, situated 10 km west of Poznań, Wielkopolska region, western Poland. The examination was conducted in the three seasons: spring, summer and autumn. The results revealed that during one vegetative period, including three seasons – spring, summer and autumn, three different layouts of aquatic vegetation were obtained, which reflected a significant transformation in the macrophyte cover. Along with the lowering of the water level the structural changes, especially in the case of submerged vegetation were recorded, which in each season was represented by different dominating species. Only three significant correlations between zooplankton densities and environmental factors observed. Negative relationship concerned total nitrogen and two positive related to biometric parameters of the macrophyte habitat (plant biomass plant stem volume). The plant biomass was a predictor of cladoceran abundance and plant stem volume referred to rotifers, which may reflect the complexity of the aquatic plant habitat, indirectly relating to the effectiveness of the macrophyte stand as anti-predator refuge. The analysis of the similarity of the zooplankton communities of particular sampling stations in the three examined seasons did not reveal any clear relationship, either in relation to a particular season or a sampling station. The participation of eutrophic species was highest in the spring and lowest during the autumn season. The open water zone possessed the highest participation of these species compared to the macrophyte zones.

6

Prace nad nowatorskimi metodami zwalczania puchnięcia osadu otrzymują wsparcie z funduszy strukturalnych Innowacyjna Gospodarka

86%

Fiałkowska E. , Pajdak-Stós A.

|

2010

|

tom Nr 1 (46)

30-30

PL

Już w latach 70. ubiegłego wieku rozpoczęto badania dotyczące nadmiernego rozwoju bakterii nitkowatych w oczyszczalniach ścieków i poszukiwania sposobów ograniczania tego niekorzystnego zjawiska. Jednak dopiero dwie ostatnie dekady przyniosły rozwiązania, które pozwalają w miarę skutecznie ograniczać puchnięcie osadu czynnego. Niestety metody te, polegające głównie na stosowaniu środków chemicznych, są w większości niedoskonałe i obarczone wysokimi kosztami. Nadal trwają poszukiwania metod które będąc skuteczne byłyby jednocześnie tanie i przyjazne dla środowiska naturalnego. Prowadzone przez nas kilkuletnie badania osadu czynnego z wielu oczyszczalni ścieków zwróciły naszą uwagę na wyraźną zależność pomiędzy licznym występowaniem wrotków a ograniczonym rozwojem bakterii nitkowatych, o czym można przeczytać w artykule "Alternatywne metody zwalczania bakterii nitkowatych" w Forum Eksploatatora nr 5/2009. Wyniki naszych pierwszych eksperymentów przeprowadzonych w skali laboratoryjnej dają nadzieję na opracowanie nowatorskiej, biologicznej metody ograniczania puchnięcia osadu, która opierać się będzie na wykorzystaniu zależności pokarmowych między organizmami naturalnie występującymi w osadzie czynnym.

EN

Despite numerous researches concerning ways of limiting the excessive growth of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge, there is still no universal method which would help to achieve this goal. The most popular chemical methods, apart from being not always effective, are rather expensive. The results of our preliminary studies indicate that some rotifers occurring naturally in activated sludge and feeding on filaments, might be used as a factor significantly limiting bacteria growth. Preparing a new biological method requires a lot of studies carried out in cooperation with other scientific centers and wastewater treatment plants. Further research will be supported by a grant co-financed from EU resources in a frame of the Program lnnovative Economy - one of six national programs under National Strategic Reference Framework. The project will last three years and is divided into several stages. The goal of the first of them is to select species of rotifers most effective in limiting the growth of bacteria and to find the best method of mass-cultivating them. In the laboratory, the influence of food, temperature and oxygen concentration on the proliferation of rotifers from different clones will be tested. In the next stage rotifers' resistance to toxic wastes will be tested. Another very important goal is to check the influence of high quantities of rotifers on the volume index of the sludge and on the effluent chemistry. The end result of the whole project is to prepare appropriate procedures and utilities which would enable plant operators to use the method directly in treatment plants.

7

Response of rotifers to hydrochemical and biotic factors

86%

Żurek R.

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 35, No.2

121-139

EN

The zooplankton community in an open cast sulphur mine impoundment was investigated over two years. Complicated physical and chemical relationships in this pit ecosystem resulted in an atypical planktonic assemblage. Changes in the rotifer populations were examined over time and space in the pit ecosystem. Only 20 species of rotifers were identified in the impoundment. In winter, Polyarthra dolichoptera coexisted with P. bicerca; in spring, one of the dominant species was Keratella quadrata, while, in summer, Hexarthra fennica, Keratella cochlearis and Synchaeta tremula were all present. In autumn, Filinia longiseta dominated the population. On the border of the oxycline and beneath the thermocline lived Keratella testudo. Thermal and chemical stratification generated five variants of diurnal vertical migrations of planktonic animals including two typical, well-known patterns. Some species were able to penetrate the oxygen-free layer in the hypolimnion. These species were also resistant to low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Multidimensional scaling and correspondence analysis identified the following factors as important for rotifers: mineralization and the presence of sulfide with hydrogen sulfide, as well as biotic (predators) or the life supporting parameters: temperature, oxygen. Toxic compounds present in the water, especially sulfides or its derivates, were probably responsible for deformation of the rotifers’ spines in 0.1% of the population.

8

Zooplankton structure in architecturally differentiated macrophyte habitats of shallow lakes in the Wielkopolska Region, Poland

86%

Kuczyńska-Kippen N.

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 35, No.2

179-191

EN

The aim of this examination was to study the impact of the physical parameters, understood as spatial and morphological features, of two macrophyte habitats created by Chara tomentosa and Typha angustifolia on the Rotifera and Crustacea communities of three shallow lakes with extensive macrophyte cover. There were 161 zooplankton species in total identified from three lakes, with over 60% of species common among all lakes. Species richness varied between the sampling stations, with lowest values within the open water zone and highest among macrophyte stands. Significant differences in zooplankton densities between particular stations for all groups of zooplankton were observed, with the highest values within the most diverse and complex habitat – the Chara bed. Furthermore, the distribution of pelagic species between particular stations differed significantly in the case of copepods, with the highest abundance also in the stonewort beds.

9

The role of lake shore sand deposits as bank of ciliate, rotifer and crustacean resting forms : experimental approach

72%

Kalinowska K. , Ejsmont-Karabin J. , Rybak J.

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 58, nr 2

323-332

EN

The experiment, with the use of sand deposit from hygroarenal (shore sand beach wetted by lake waves) of the beach of eutrophic Lake Mikołajskie (Masurian Lakeland, Poland), was performed in order to test the hypothesis that shore sand deposit is the bank of resting forms of ciliate, rotifer and crustacean species. The experiment was conducted over a 38 days period in March-April 2004. Frozen sand taken in winter was exposed in aquariums filled with pre-filtered (GF/C) lake water in stable temperature (20[degrees]C), oxygen saturation and 12:12 light/dark conditions. Samples (three replicates) were taken each day. A total number of 44 ciliate, 59 rotifer and 9 crustacean taxa were identified during the studied period. Resting forms of different species and/or taxonomic groups developed in different time and it may be the result of different strategies in colonization of new habitats. Organisms forming resting cysts such as ciliates (11 species) and bdelloid rotifers appeared after the first day of the incubation whereas organisms hatching from resting eggs (monogonont rotifers and crustacea) were observed from the 2nd-3rd day of the experiment. The numbers of all the studied groups of organisms increased gradually and then strongly decreased indicating probably nutrient and/or organic matter limitation. The highest numbers of ciliates (731 ind. cm[^-2] of sand) was found on the 5th day, rotifers (987 ind. 100 cm[^-2]) on the 23rd day, cladocerans (60 ind. 100 cm[^-2]) on the 21st day and copepods (30 ind. 100 cm[^-2]) on the 33rd day of the experiment. The results of this study suggests that shore sand deposits being the temporal refugium for the small-bodied invertebrates transported here with the wave action may also play an important role as the transfer for their further dispersal in addition to postulated ways of expansions such as wind, rain, animals and surface runoff.

10

Spatial distribution of zooplankton communities between the sphagnum mat and open water in a Dystrophic lake

58%

Kuczyńska-Kippen N.

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 56, nr 1

57-64

EN

The composition and dynamics of zooplankton (Rotifera, Crustacea) communities were studied in a dystrophic lake (Drawieński National Park, northern Poland). The investigated lake was a typical mid-forest lake of a small area (ca. 0.65 ha) but relatively deep (Z[max] = 6.8m) and covered with a peat (Sphagnum sp.) mat. The study was made in the shallow part of the lake (Z = 0.5 m). Zooplankton was collected twice in August 2004, in triplicate subsamples, taken from three stations (1. under the peat mat, 2. the transitional zone between the peat mat and open water area and 3. open water zone) from two different sites within the same lake. The distance between sampling stations within a transect was ca. 1.5 m. The whole area under study was not greater than 10 m[^2]. Therefore the results concern the very small-scale distribution of zooplankton. The aim of the study was to find out whether spatial segregation of the zooplankton community and the dominating species between the Sphagnum mat and open water zone as well as in the transitional zone between both zones takes place in a dystrophic lake and whether the moss mat can be considered as an anti-predator refuge. Both the species number and zooplankton densities differed between the stations along a transect, being the highest (40 zooplankton species and mean 150 ind 1[^-1] for the whole zooplankton community) in the peat mat and lowest (12 species and 72 ind 1[^-1]) in the open water zone. Humic-water species constituted 24% of the species composition of rotifer and 14% of the crustacean community. Cladocerans prevailed numerically over rotifers. Dominating species - Bdelloidae, Keratella cochlearis Gosse, Polyarthra vulgaris (Carlin), Synchaeta pectinata Ehrenberg, Trichocerca insignis Carlin, Alonella excisa (Fischer), Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O.F. Muller) - revealed a differentiated pattern of spatial distribution. The mean Shannon-Weaver biodiversity index of zooplankton was not notably high and amounted to 1.45. The highest values were found in the peat mat (mean - 1.76 for rotifers and 0.67 for crustaceans), while the lowest values were found in the open water (0.99 and 0.36 respectively). These results suggest that in the site connected with Sphagnum moss in a humic lake more diverse and abundant zooplankton occurs in relation to other habitats. The differences in zooplankton distribution between the peat mat and the open water zone of the dystrophic lake seems to be affected by biological interactions which relate to predator presence, both vertebrate and invertebrate, and competition between large cladocerans and smaller rotifers. Due to the dominance of larger forms of zooplankton it may be supposed that invertebrate predators may have a more pronounced effect. The habitat within the Sphagnum moss can be considered as a predictable refugium.