Aquatic ecosystems, including river sediments, are particularly vulnerable to contamination with mercury compounds. One of the most visible effects of increased mercury pollution are changes in the concentration of this element in the bottom sediments of rivers that collect surface water from industrial areas, where numerous sources of mercury emissions are found. The aim of the study conducted in 2014, was to assess mercury contamination of the bottom sediments in the Rudawa and Pr¹dnik rivers in areas with different land use: urban-industrial and agricultural, and thus to recognize the possibility of a potential threat to the environment including the groundwater. For the purpose of comparison, results of research conducted by the authors for the Chech³o river bottom sediments in 2007 were used. Mercury contamination of bottom sediments of the Rudawa, Pr¹dnik rivers and the previously studied Chech³o river is characterized by considerable diversity and variability from the spring to their mouth. The highest mercury contamination was found in the sediments of the Chech³o river, especially in the mining area. Average mercury content in the sediments of the Chech³o river is 0.380 mg/kg. The studies have shown the lowest mercury content in the Rudawa river sediments, where the mean values are between 0.066 mg/kg and 0.071 mg/kg, depending on the depth of sampling. The mean levels of mercury in the sediments of the Pr¹dnik river are higher at between 0.203 and 0.246 mg/kg. Mercury contamination in the river Pr¹dnik’s sediments increases in the lower course, particularly in the vicinity of Krakow metropolitan area. No observed a clear correlation between total mercury content in the test samples and the share of silt and clay fractions in the bottom sediments.
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Przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentalnych badań separacji zawiesiny krzemionki o ściśle zdefiniowanej wielkości cząstek oraz osadów dennych pobranych z rzeki Wisły, zarówno podczas frakcjonowania krótko-, jak i długotrwałego. Frakcjonowanie przeprowadzono w nowo opracowanej, samonastawnej celce do frakcjonowania z podziałem strumienia, pracującej w trybie pełnego zubożenia. Analizy zebranych frakcji dokonano metodą dyfrakcji laserowej za pomocą analizatora wielkości cząstek. Uzyskano bardzo dobre rozdzielenie obu materiałów w trakcie frakcjonowania krótkotrwałego. Separacja znacząco obniżyła się w trakcie frakcjonowania po 24 h w wyniku sedymentacji cząstek w aparaturze.
EN
A SiO₂ suspension with a strictly defined particle size distribution and a sediment taken from the Vistula river were sepd. by short and long-term fractionations carried out in a newly developed self-adjustable split-flow thin cell fractionation system operating in the full depletion mode. The collected fractions were characterized by using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. A very good sepn. of both materials during the short-term fractionation was achieved. The sepn. efficiency significantly decreased during the 24 h long fractionation because of sedimentation of particles in the app.
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