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EN
The article presents a comparative assessment methodology of the investment climate (country, region, city, etc.). Unlike current approaches and methods for investment climate assessing the authors take into account not only the investment attractiveness which is formed on the basis of investment potential and investment risk, but also the investment activity. The research purpose is to calculate integral comparable indicators for the EAEU members taking quantitative data and expert assessments as a base. As a result of the research a rating of the EAEU country’s investment attractiveness was compiled. The analysis carried out by the authors showed that the Republic of Belarus in comparison with their main trading partners (Russia and Kazakhstan) has rather low production, innovation and natural resource potentials, as well as high economic and political risks. The results of the study allow identifying barriers restraining the inflow of foreign investment in the Republic of Belarus. The baseline data are statistical information published by the statistical committees of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as media materials, analytical reviews of research centres.
EN
The article focuses on the identification and analysis of the risks that may arise in the process of teaching foreign languages in the agrarian higher education institutions. The theoretical methods, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization, have been applied in order to meet the goal of this paper. The author characterizes the risks of high priority, such as the qualitative risk (risk of failure to attract students who are identified as gifted and talented), the recruitment risk (risk of inability to recruit enough student contingent), the risk of failing to achieve the main goal of foreign language teaching in the agrarian universities, which is to ensure a sufficient level for practical use of a foreign language in the future professional activity of specialists in the agrarian sector, the risk of low student motivation in learning a foreign language, as well as the reputational risk. The above mentioned risks are connected to, or dependent upon, the reputational risk. It is important to understand the relationship between these types of risks so that they can be effectively prioritized. Having identified the key risks in the process of teaching foreign languages in the agrarian universities, consideration has then been given to how they should be managed to reduce their probability or impact, should they occur. It is essential to understand the interaction between the identified risk and mitigation. One risk may require several mitigations to be in place to ensure it is effectively managed. The examples of appropriate risk mitigation measures which may reduce the impact of each risk on the process of teaching foreign languages in the agrarian higher educational institutions are given along with the detailed risk description. The mitigation measures to be put in placeare followed by early warning mechanisms essential for timely prevention of occurring adverse events in teaching process. The further research should focus on the possibility to use the experience and best practice of the European universities under the issue being studied in Ukraine. The European model of risk-based approach to teaching foreign languages is a good source of reference for the Ukrainian agrarian higher school.
EN
The article focuses on the identification and analysis of the risks that may arise in the process of teaching foreign languages in the agrarian higher educational institutions. The theoretical methods, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization, have been applied in order to meet the goal of this paper. The author characterizes the risks of high priority, such as the qualitative risk (risk of failure to attract students who are identified as gifted and talented), the recruitment risk (risk of inability to recruit enough student contingent), the risk of failing to achieve the main goal of foreign language teaching in the agrarian universities, which is to ensure a sufficient level for practical use of a foreign language in the future professional activity of specialists in the agrarian sector, the risk of low student motivation in learning a foreign language, as well as the reputational risk. The above mentioned risks are connected to, or dependent upon, the reputational risk. It is important to understand the relationship between these types of risks so that they can be effectively prioritized. Having identified the key risks in the process of teaching foreign languages in the agrarian universities, consideration has then been given to how they should be managed to reduce their probability or impact, should they occur. It is essential to understand the interaction between the identified risk and mitigation. One risk may require several mitigations to be in place to ensure it is effectively managed. The examples of appropriate risk mitigation measures which may reduce the impact of each risk on the process of teaching foreign languages in the agrarian higher educational institutions are given along with the detailed risk description. The mitigation measures to be put in place are followed by early warning mechanisms essential for timely prevention of occurring adverse events in teaching process. The further research should focus on the possibility to use the experience and best practice of the European universities under the issue being studied in Ukraine. The European model of risk-based approach to teaching foreign languages is a good source of reference for the Ukrainian agrarian higher school.
EN
The aim of this article is to discuss derisking phenomenon, the idea of which is to limit, terminate or refrain from entering into business interactions by financial institutions with specific clients or clients’ categories to avoid risk, its causes and consequences and/or to avoid liability for derisking by the obligated institutions. The authors also attempt to answer the question of whether the exclusion of derisking is possible and they also analyze the role played in this respect by the obligated institutions and the Polish regulator.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnienia deriskingu polegającego na nienawiązywaniu, ograniczeniu lub zakończeniu przez instytucje finansowe relacji biznesowych z konkretnymi klientami lub kategoriami klientów w celu uniknięcia ryzyka, a nie zarządzania nim opartego na zasadzie ryzyka (Risk-Based Approach), jego przyczyn i konsekwencji oraz odpowiedzialności instytucji obowiązanych za derisiking. Autorzy podejmują także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy wykluczenie deriskingu jest możliwe oraz jaka jest w tym rola instytucji obowiązanych i polskiego regulatora.
PL
Celem artykułu jest krytyczna analiza regulacji unijnych dotyczących przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich prewencyjnego aspektu, wprowadzanego głównie poprzez wdrożenie podejścia opartego na analizie ryzyka. Podstawą dla efektywnych działań w opisywanej materii jest maksymalizacja bezpośredniego zaangażowania sektora prywatnego oraz kooperacja prywatno-publiczna. Należy mieć jednak na uwadze, że zaangażowanie podmiotów prywatnych niesie ze sobą wiele zagrożeń, związanych przede wszystkim z możliwością powstania nieścisłości pomiędzy przepisami AML oraz swobodami i prawami podstawowymi. W związku z tym, w artykule nacisk położony został na analizę wpływu regulacji, dotyczących przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu, na swobody i prawa podstawowe, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem swobody świadczenia usług oraz prawa do sprawiedliwego procesu.
EN
The aim of the article is a critical analysis of EU regulations on counteracting money laundering and terrorism financing, with particular emphasis on their preventive aspect, introduced mainly by the implementation of a risk-based approach. The basis for effectiveness in the described matter is the maximization of direct involvement of the private sector and private-public cooperation. However, it should be borne in mind that the involvement of private entities carries a number of risks, mainly related to the possible tensions between AML regulations and fundamental freedoms and rights. Therefore, the article focuses on the analysis of the impact of anti-money laundering and terrorist financing regulations on freedoms and fundamental rights, with particular emphasis on the freedom to provide services and the right to fair trial.
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