Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Risk Factors for Wound Dehiscence after Laparotomy – Clinical Control Trial

100%

Kenig J. , Richter P. , Żurawska S. , Lasek A. , Zbierska K. , Nowak W.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2012

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tom 84

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nr 11

565-573

EN

Described in the literature dehiscence rate in the adult population is 0.3-3.5%, and in the elderly group as much as 10%. In about 20-45% evisceration becomes a significant risk factor of death in the perioperative period. The aim of the study was to identify the main risk factors for abdominal wound dehiscence in the adult population. Material and methods. The study included patients treated in the 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum in Cracow in the period from January 2008 to December 2011, in which at that time laparotomy was performed and was complicated by wound dehiscence in the postoperative period. For each person in a research group, 3-4 control patient were selected. Selection criteria were corresponding age (± 2-3 years), gender, underlying disease and type of surgery performed. Results. In 56 patients (2.9%) dehiscence occurred in the postoperative period with 25% mortality. The group consisted of 37 men and 19 women with the mean age of 66.8 ± 12.6 years. Univariate analysis showed that chronic steroids use, surgical site infection, anastomotic dehiscence/fistula in the postoperative period and damage to the gastrointestinal tract are statistically significant risk factors for dehiscence. Two first of these factors occurred to be independent risk factors in the multivariate analysis. In addition, due to the selection criteria, a group of risk factors should also include male gender, emergency operation, midline laparotomy, colorectal syrgery and elderly age (> 65 years). Logistic regression analysis did not show that a particular surgeon, time of surgery or a particular month (including holiday months) were statistically significant risk factor for dehiscence. Conclusions. Wound dehiscence is a serious complication with relatively small incidence but also high mortality. Preoperative identification of risk factors allows for a more informed consent before patient’s treatment and to take measures to prevent or minimize the consequences of complication associated with it.

2

Samobójstwa dzieci i młodzieży przed wybuchem II wojny światowej i obecnie — co się zmieniło, co pozostało bez zmian

100%

Ziółkowska A. M.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2020

|

tom 55

117-141

XX

The purpose of the article is an attempt to show the issue of suicides of children and young people in a historical perspective, by comparing the state of knowledge and methods of discussing the phenomenon from the pre-war period (until 1939) with the modern period. The first part of the work will be devoted to discussing the first papers on suicide issues that began to appear in Poland from the late nineteenth century to 1939. The second part of the article focuses on presenting the current state of knowledge on the frequency, risk factors and causes of suicide in children and young people. The last part of the work will be devoted to comparing the specifics and conditioning suicidal behavior in the discussed periods.

3

The Influence of Selected Risk Factors on the Hearing Threshold Level of Noise Exposed Employees

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Dudarewicz A. , Toppila E. , Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska M. , Śliwińska-Kowalska M.

Archives of Acoustics

|

2010

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tom Vol. 35, No. 3

371-382

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effect of noise exposure and additional risk factors on permanent hearing threshold shift. Three additional risk factors were: exposure to organic solvents, smoking and elevated blood pressure. The data on exposure and health status of employees were collected in 24 factories. The study group comprised of 3741 noise male exposed workers of: mean age 39§8 years, mean tenure 16§7 years and LEX;8h = 86 § 5 dB. For each subject, hearing level was measured with pure tone audiometry, blood pressure and noise exposure were assessed from the records of local occupational health care and obligatory noise measurements performed by employers. Smoking and solvent exposure were assessed with questionnaire. The study group was divided into subgroups with respect to the considered risk factors. In the analysis, the distribution of hearing level of each subgroup was compared to the predicted one which the standard calculation method described in ISO 1999:1990. For each of the considered risk factors, the difference between measured and calculated hearing level distribution was used to establish, by the least square method, a noise dose related correction square function for the standard method. The considered risk factors: solvent exposure, smoking and elevated blood pressure combined with noise exposure, may increase degree of hearing loss.

4

The value of pedigrees and clinical assessment in identification of a high risk cancer group – our experience

80%

Jaworowska E.

Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

|

2016

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tom 5(2)

51-56

EN

Pedigree and clinical data are still very important diagnostic tool useful in estimation of a high risk of a cancer devel-opment, molecular basis research and also determining optimal screening for a single family. In this study the own experience was presented in identification of the risk of cancer prevalence with different organ location among the first degree relatives of 760 patients with laryngeal cancer.

5

PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN PREVENTION OF FALLS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

80%

GAJOS M. , PERKOWSKI R. , KUJAWSKA A. , ANDROSIUK J. , WYDRA J. , FILIPSKA K.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2016

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tom 7

|

nr 1

92-102

EN

The process of population ageing is observed not only in Poland but also in other European countries. Physiological processes of ageing reduces the functional capacity. In particular, associated diseases, progressive weakness and failure of the motor system increases the risk of collapse in seniors. Dangerous consequences of falls, inter alia, injuries, can often cause death, what justifies its classification as a so-called geriatric giant. Health and psychosocial consequences of falls should be noted. Therefore, there is a great need for induction of preventive measures. Many results of studies constantly show, that an effective intervention in preventing falls in seniors should include, first and foremost, multidirectional rehabilitation, which aims to improve balance and increase postural strength muscle. In addition, prevention should include: patient education, pharmacotherapy prescribed by a medical specialist, eyesight improvement, elimination of potential risks surrounding the patient. The introduction of multi-directional prevention of falls can reduce the risk of their occurrence up to 50%

6

Some Practical Problems of Multivariate Survival Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

80%

Jasiński B. , Kawalec E. , Kupść W. , Bogdan Jasiński E. K. J. U. , Witold Kupść - National Institute of Cardiology

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2002

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tom 162

EN

In the epidemiological analysis of chronic diseases (most often cardiovascular or cancer) the main problem of interest is the estimation of the risk of death (or getting ill) related to set of characteristics called risk factors. For epidemiological studies typical features are: - large sample size (at least 1000 persons), - long follow up period for survival analysis (5 or more years), - large percentage of censored observations (patients who survive the whole time of study, more than 90%), - large number of registered risk factors. Some practical problems that concern the statistical analysis of the epidemiological data are following: - selection of the survival function model, - selection of the variables included into the model, - inclusion of interaction and/or higher order effect into the model. Some solutions of presented problems were applied to the Polish Part of Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Program (Euro 8202). The program was conducted in 1976-1982 years with long follow up period concerning mortality till 1994 year. The program covered 8603 working men aged 40-59 years in two regions - Warsaw and South-Eastern Poland. Most of statistical analyses were performed on the basis of standard Statistical Analysis System (SAS) package.

PL

Jednym z głównych celów epidemiologicznych badań nad chorobami przewlekłymi (najczęściej układu krążenia lub nowotworowymi) jest oszacowanie ryzyka zachorowania lub zgonu w zależności od zespołu cech - czynników ryzyka. Badania epidemiologiczne charakteryzują się najczęściej następującymi własnościami: - duża liczebność próby, powyżej 1000 badanych; długi okres obserwacji badanych osób, ponad kilka lat; - wysoka frakcja (ok. 90%) osób, które przeżyły cały okres badania bez incydentu chorobowego, tzw. cenzorowanie administracyjne; - duża liczba czynników ryzyka rejestrowanych w badaniu. Analiza statystyczna badania epidemiologicznego wymaga, między innymi, rozwiązania następujących problemów: - wybór modelu funkcji oceniającej ryzyko, - selekcja badanych w modelu czynników ryzyka, - ocena wzajemnego oddziaływania (interakcji) badanych czynników i ocena nieliniowych efektów ich oddziaływania. Rozwiązanie przedstawionych zadań przeprowadzono na przykładzie analizy wyników Polskiego Programu Prewencji Chorób Układu Krążenia przeprowadzonego w latach 1976-1982, obejmującego 8603 mężczyzn zatrudnionych w zakładach pracy w dwóch regionach Polski -Warszawy i Polski Południowo-Wschodniej i rozszerzonego o obserwację postępującą w zakresie zgonu do roku 1994.

7

Ocena wybranych czynników ryzyka w ubezpieczeniu OC posiadaczy pojazdów mechanicznych

80%

Celczyńska A. , Uniwersytet Łódzki W. E.-S.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2013

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tom 296

EN

The aim of the study is to provide the evaluation of selected risk factors in third party liability insurance agreements for motor vehicle owners. The study covers: age admitted, the astrological sign of policy-holder and the age of vehicle. Automobile insurance risk is determined by a number of factors arising from both external environment as well as psychological features of policy-holders. The study was preliminary and may constitute the basis for further research.

PL

Celem opracowania jest ocena wybranych czynników ryzyka w ubezpieczeniu odpowiedzialności cywilnej posiadaczy pojazdów mechanicznych. Przedmiotem badań objęto: wiek ubezpieczonego, znak zodiaku ubezpieczonego oraz wiek pojazdu. Ryzyko w ubezpieczeniu OC komunikacyjnym jest determinowane szeregiem czynników, wynikających zarówno z otoczenia zewnętrznego, jak i z cech psychologicznych ubezpieczonych. Przeprowadzone badanie miało charakter wstępny i może posłużyć do dalszych badań.

8

Clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized in the gastroenterology ward – retrospective analysis

80%

Podlaszewska K. , Małecka‑Panas, Ewa , Gąsiorowska A.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2018

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tom 90(1)

7-12

EN

INTRODUCTION. Clostridium difficile associated colitis became over last years a worldwide medical issue. It involves patients of the Polish hospitals too. The aim of the study was the analysis of CDAD incidence and the course of infection in Gastroenterology Ward of Regional Specialist Hospital of Zgierz, 2012-2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of 79 patients with CDAD was performed. Demographic and epidemiological data and the clinical course of infection were analyzed. RESULTS. The study group comprised of women in 59,5% and men in 40,5%. The patients’ average age was 70,5 years. The average hospitalization period was 10,3 days. CDAD infection seasonality was proved, with statistically significant peak in springtime. 73% of patients were previously hospitalized and 85% - had co-morbidities. 76% of patients underwent antibiotherapy, whilst 29% - used PPI prior to CDAD diagnosis. 50,6% of patients had severe CDAD diagnosed. The recurrence reached 14%. In 19% of patients CDAD resulted in death. DISCUSSION. The results of the study confirm increase of the incidence of the patients with CDAD in Gastroenterology Ward over 4-years’ observation. The prevalence was higher among 65+ patients, after prior hospitalization and antibiotherapy. The co-morbidities was a significant risk factor, especially common in severe cases. CONCLUSION. The results we obtained confirm substantial importance of Clostridium difficile infection leading to antibiotherapy-associated diarrhea among adults, causing prolonged hospitalization, increased prevalence and mortality of patients. Getting to know and minimizing the risk factors will prevent the future outbreak of the disease.

9

Retrospective evaluation of risk factors for oral cavity and oropharynx cancers in patients under the program of head and neck cancers prevention

80%

Kowalski A. , Olszewski J. , Zielińska-Bliźniewska H.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2019

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tom 73

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nr 6

24-31

EN

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer in people examined under the Head and Neck Cancer Prophylaxis Program. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a total of 300 patients, including 186 women and 114 men, as part of the Head and Neck Cancer Prevention Program in 2014–2018. Before the laryngological examination, the patients completed a demographic and medical questionnaire regarding the risk factors of head and neck cancer, including education, reported disease symptoms, smoking addiction, number of cigarettes smoked daily, alcohol consumption, frequency of visits in a dental office, oral hygiene measures, number of sexual partners, oral sex, family medical history of head and neck cancer. Results: The subjects reported the following symptoms: hoarseness 43.33%, difficulty swallowing 21.33%, pain or mouth burning 20.33% and other symptoms were observed in 46.33%. The main dental symptoms were: bleeding from the gums during teeth brushing in 48.89%, dry mouth 45.56%. Currently 20.33% of respondents smoke, whereas 54% of patients smoked in the past. In the analyzed material, the majority (80%) consumed alcoholic beverages. 27.67% of respondents admitted having oral sex, including 24.73% of women and 32.46% of men. After performing the extended diagnostics, the tumor was found in 10% of the subjects. C onclusions: Statistical significance of differences was found: between hoarseness and alcohol consumption, both in women and in men, between hoarseness and smoking in women, between difficulty in swallowing and smoking in women, between burning/pain in the mouth and smoking in men, between hoarseness and the cultivation of oral sex in men, between the difficulty of swallowing and the practice of oral sex in the studied men and between burning/pain in the oral cavity and the occurrence of malignancy.

10

Trends in the treatment of risk factors for stroke in a Czech stroke unit

80%

Simunek L. , Krajickova D. , Vysata O. , Valis M.

Open Medicine

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2014

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tom 10

|

nr 1

EN

The goal of this study is to evaluate therapeutic trends for several diseases that represent risk factors for stroke. The relative frequency of therapy with compounds that influence the risk factors for stroke was monitored in a group of 3,290 patients who were hospitalised in the Stroke Unit at the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove between 2005 and 2012. For most drugs monitored, the reasons for the significant decrease or increase in use were causes other than the reduction of stroke risk. Despite this finding, the majority of statistically significant changes had, according to review of comparative studies, a posi- tive effect on prevention of stroke. Motivation to change treatment of stroke risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, was mainly aimed at sufficient disease management with a minimum of adverse effects. On the other hand, optimization of stroke recurrence and economic factors were motivations to treatment changes in prevention with antiplatelets. Antidiabetics were associated with an increase in met- formin use and reduction in insulin use. For antihyperten- sives, the most significant reduction was associated with the use of diuretics, although calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers are also less used. Additionally, the use of the ACE inhibitor ramipril increased

11

Modern Factors of Health and Their Peculiarities for Teenagers

80%

Surmach M. J. , Tishchenko E. , Piecewicz-Szczęsna H.

Polish Journal of Public Health

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2015

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tom 124

|

nr 3

152-155

EN

The work aimed at specifying modern features of civilizational factors influence on the health, revealing peculiarities of young age, establishing reflexion of modern factors of health in methodological approaches to health studying. Changes in understanding health are reflected in its studying methodology. The analysis of sociological research data shows, that the social stress became the main reason of medical-demographic situation deterioration in days of reforms. The mechanism of its influence was the loss of effective labor motivation, social envy, and deterioration of spiritual condition of a society. Material well-being decrease was not a determinative factor. The problem of inequalities in health gets the increasing urgency. It is connected with physical and social living environment; availability of qualitative medical aid; specific features of behavior of people. At a medical aid guarantee, and at teenage age, factors of social living environment, which influence behavior in health sphere by means of stigmatization are especially significant.

12

Rationalization of servicing reefer containers in sea port area with taking into account risk influence

80%

Filina-Dawidowicz L.

Polish Maritime Research

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2014

|

tom nr 2

76--85

EN

This paper is aimed at presentation of a set of methods for rationalization of servicing containerized refrigerated cargoes in sea ports. During servicing reefer containers in port container terminals, take place various combinations of risk factors which can lead to loss of quality merits of cargoes contained in them. In the paper the risk factors capable of influencing quality of cargoes during their servicing in sea port, are identified, and the elaborated model for assessing risk level with the use of assumptions of fuzzy logic theory, is presented. Also, a simulation of servicing reefer containers in port, was performed. Moreover a prototype of an expert system which makes it possible to take correct decisions on servicing reefer containers in sea port, depending on impact level of risk factors, was proposed.

13

Risk Factors Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Iranian Patients with COVID-19: Application of Machine Learning

80%

Shafiekhani S. , Rafiei S. , Abdollahzade S. , Souri S. , Moomeni Z.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 28, Iss. 1

19--29

EN

Introduction: Predicting the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients based on patient's physiological conditions and demographic characteristics can help optimize resource consumption along with the provision of effective medical services for patients. In the current study, we aimed to develop several machine learning models to forecast the mortality risk in COVID-19 patients, evaluate their performance, and select the model with the highest predictive power. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the records belonging to COVID-19 patients admitted to one of the main hospitals of Qazvin located in the northwest of Iran over 12 months period. We selected 29 variables for developing machine learning models incorporating demographic factors, physical symptoms, comorbidities, and laboratory test results. The outcome variable was mortality as a binary variable. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors of in-hospital death. Results: In prediction of mortality, Ensemble demonstrated the maximum values of accuracy (0.8071, 95%CI: 0.7787, 0.8356), F1-score (0.8121 95%CI: 0.7900, 0.8341), and AUROC (0.8079, 95%CI: 0.7800, 0.8358). Including fourteen top-scored features identified by maximum relevance minimum redundancy algorithm into the subset of predictors of ensemble classifier such as BUN level, shortness of breath, seizure, disease history, fever, gender, body pain, WBC, diarrhea, sore throat, blood oxygen level, muscular pain, lack of taste and history of drug (medication) use are sufficient for this classifier to reach to its best predictive power for prediction of mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Study findings revealed that old age, lower oxygen saturation level, underlying medical conditions, shortness of breath, seizure, fever, sore throat, and body pain, besides serum BUN, WBC, and CRP levels, were significantly associated with increased mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. Machine learning algorithms can help healthcare systems by predicting and reduction of the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients.

14

Rómska komunita a jej riziká v segregovaných rómskych osadách

80%

Gulášová I. , Babečka J. , Czarnecki P.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2021

|

nr 1(34)

157-162

EN

Authors try to point out the risks of the Roma community, based on the specifics of their culture, thought, and values of a lifestyle with that they alive. They are delivering characteristics of segregated Roma settlements, reflect on the state of health of the Roma community, which is related to their social problems. Authors are discussing in detail numbers of risk factors that affect the health of the Roma community. Based on these characteristics authors point to the fact that the Roma ethnic group is a way of lifestyle for the group with a high incidence of risk of many diseases. Finally, they reflect on options and proposals for solution of the Roma population proposition.

15

Analiza wybranych czynników ryzyka udaru mózgu wśród pacjentów po udarze.

80%

Rosińczuk J. , Księżyc M. , Kołtuniuk A. , Kublik D.

Współczesne Pielęgniarstwo i Ochrona Zdrowia

|

2014

|

nr 1

4-7

PL

Wstęp. Udar mózgu jest stanem bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia, będącym jednym z głównych przyczyn zgonów oraz niepełnosprawności na świecie. Czynniki ryzyka udaru mózgu znacząco zwiększają prawdopodobieństwo incydentu naczyniowego. Ich skuteczna prewencja może opóźnić zachorowanie lub istotnie złagodzić przebieg choroby i jej powikłania. Cel pracy. Analiza częstości występowania opisywanych w literaturze czynników ryzyka udaru mózgu wśród chorych po przebytych udarach mózgowych. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono wśród 70 osób po przebytym udarze mózgu hospitalizowanych w Oddziale Rehabilitacji Układu Ruchu we Wrocławiu. Wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa. Wyniki. Z analizy zgromadzonego materiału wynika, iż: 1) prawidłową masę ciała stwierdzono wśród zaledwie jednej czwartej badanych; 2) wśród badanych osób nadciśnienie tętnicze stwierdzono wśród 70% kobiet i 55% mężczyzn, cukrzycę wśród 21% badanych kobiet oraz 19% badanych mężczyzn, a miażdżycę u jednej trzeciej ankietowanych; 3) znaczny odsetek osób pali papierosy oraz posiada niewłaściwe nawyki żywieniowe; 4) ponad połowa ankietowanych deklaruje spędzanie czasu wolnego w sposób czynny; 5) w badanej grupie najczęściej stwierdzano cztery i/lub więcej czynników ryzyka udaru mózgu (63% kobiet, 56% mężczyzn). Wnioski. 1. Najczęściej występującymi czynnikami ryzyka udaru mózgu są: nadciśnienie tętnicze, choroby serca, miażdżyca oraz cukrzyca. 2. Wśród znacznego odsetka badanych stwierdzono nieprawidłowy styl życia (palenie tytoniu, niewłaściwa dieta, otyłość, stres oraz niska aktywność fizyczna). 3. Współistnienie kilku czynników ryzyka udaru u jednego chorego zwiększa znacznie ryzyko wystąpienia incydentu naczyniowego.

EN

Background. Stroke is a life threatening condition and it is one of the major causes of death and disabilities in the world. Stroke risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of vascular incident. Their effective prevention can delay occurrence or significantly alleviate the disease and its complications. Objectives. The aim of this study is an analysis occurrence stroke risk factors among patients with a history of cerebral stroke. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 70 people after stroke hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation Movement System in Wroclaw. An original survey questionnaire was used for conducting the studies. Results. Analysis of the material shows: 1) normal weight were found among only one-fourth of the respondents; 2) hypertension was found among 70% of women and 55% of men, diabetes was found among 21% of women and 19% of men, and atherosclerosis was found in one-third of the respondents; 3) a significant percentage of people smoke cigarettes and have improper eating habits; 4) over half of respondents declare spending free time in an active way; 5) in the group most often stated four or more stroke risk factors (63% women, 56% men). Conclusions. 1. The most common risk factors for stroke are hypertension, heart disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes. 2. Significant percentage of patients have abnormal lifestyle (smoking, poor diet, obesity, stress and low physical activity). 3. The coexistence of several stroke risk factors significantly increases the risk of vascular incident.

16

Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in women

80%

Wierzbicka M. , Urban K. , Murawski M. , Wronecki K.

Physiotherapy

|

2009

|

tom 17

|

nr 1

38-44

PL

Nietrzymanie moczu (Urinary Incontinence - UI) u kobiet zostało uznane za chorobę społeczną ponieważ dotyczy ona ponad 5% społeczeństwa. Częstość występowania wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu u kobiet w różnych grupach wiekowych szacuje się na 22 do 45%. Cel pracy: W pracy podjęto próbę oceny występowania i czynników ryzyka nietrzymania moczu u kobiet. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono u 17 pacjentek z wysiłkowym nietrzymaniem moczu, które zostały zakwalifikowane do zabiegu operacyjnego leczenia wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu. U wszystkich przeprowadzono wywiad, badanie ginekologiczne i diagnostykę urodynamiczną. Spośród czynników ryzyka analizowano: wiek, BMI, przeszłość położniczą (przebyte porody, poronienia i cięcia cesarskie) oraz operacje urologiczne i ginekologiczne. Wyniki: Średni wiek pacjentek wyniósł 55,6 roku (37-79). Wartość BMI średnio wynosił 27 (otyłość). Wszystkie pacjentki były aktywne zawodowo, w większości były wieloródkami. Przeszłość operacyjną odnotowano w 9 przypadkach. Wnioski: Czynniki ryzyka występowania wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu sklasyfikowano jako uroginekologiczne, konstytucjonalne i środowiskowe (np. okres pomenopauzalny, liczne porody, obciążająca praca fizyczna, podwyższony wskaźnik masy ciała, operacje w miednicy mniejszej). Wnikliwa analiza czynników ryzyka pozwoliła na poznanie patogenezy choroby, wpływu czynników środowiskowych, kulturowych i anatomicznych oraz opracowanie metod zapobiegania występowania choroby i poprawy wyników leczenia.

EN

Urinary Incontinence (UI) in women has been claimed a social disease as its frequency has exceeded 5 %. Its prevalence is estimated in different age ranges as 22 to 45 %. Aim of the study: assessment of the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in women. Material and Methods: The tests covered 17 women with exercise urinary incontinence, who had been qualified for surgery. The evaluation included an interview, gynecological examination and urodynamic diagnostics. The following risk factors were analyzed: age, body mass index (BMI), obstetrical history (labours, abortions, Caesarean sections) urological and gynecological operations. Results: Mean age of patients was 55,6 years (37-79). The value of BMI (body mass index) was 27 (obesity). All patients were professionally active, most of them were multiparas. 9 of them had been undergone a surgery in the past. Conclusions: The Urinary Incontinence risk factors were classified as urogynaecological constitutional, neurological and environmental (for example postmenopausal period, numerous labours, exhausting physical work, increased BMI, minor pelvis surgery in the past). In-depth analysis of all urinary incontinence risk factors allowed the authors to recognize the disease pathogenesis, the influence of environmental, cultural, genetic and anatomic factors and to prepare methods of prevention and improvement of treatment results.

17

Risk factors for poor prognosis in heart failure with particular attention to the elderly population

80%

Dobrowolska M. , Miękus P. , Świątczak M. , Raczak G. , Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

|

2021

|

tom 4

|

nr 2

18-30

EN

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of poor outcome. Age is considered one of the most critical risk factors for both the incidence and prognosis of HF. Therefore we aimed to assess the predictors of poor prognosis in HF patients with particular attention to the elderly population. Material and methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients hospitalized due to HF exacerbation during 2016-2017 (203 patients). The end-points were all-cause mortality and emergency rehospitalizations within a two-year follow-up period. A detailed analysis was performed in the subgroups of patients younger and older than 65 years old. Results: 121 (60%) patients experienced the end-points. Age, low systolic blood pressure, NYHA class IV, right ventricle HF symptoms, high C-reactive protein, troponin, NT-proBNP, hyponatremia, catecholamine therapy and mechanical ventilation during hospitalization independently predicted the end-points. The elderly were characterized by a higher incidence of concomitant diseases and HF with moderately reduced or preserved LVEF, worse laboratory parameters and pharmacological treatment, as well as worse prognosis. Conclusion: The prognosis of patients hospitalized due to HF, mainly the elderly, is poor. Simple clinical parameters could be useful in further decision-making regarding the intensification of their treatment.

18

The effectiveness of screening for major cardiovascular risk factors in the population of small towns in Poland

80%

Rutkowski M. , Wierucki Ł. , Wojciechowska A. , Zdrojewski T.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

|

2021

|

tom 4

|

nr 1

57-64

EN

Background: Screening represents an important tool to improve detection of cardiovascular risk factors. Uniform standards for screening programs and for evaluation of their effectiveness are still lacking. Material and methods: The results of the Polish 400 Cities Project (P400CP) were analyzed by age and gender, and with regard to the prevalence and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors. The P400CP population were volunteers reporting for screening tests in small towns, and a representative sample was used as control. Results: Mean age in the screening group was 10 years more than in the representative sample. Two thirds of participants were women. First-time diagnosis rates for elevated arterial blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in the screening were 28%, 15% and 51%, respectively. Almost 40% of participants reported previously diagnosed hypertension (vs. 25% of the control sample), 7% vs. 4% reported diabetes and 16% vs. 9% – hypercholesterolemia. Smokers represented 16.5% of participants (36% of the control sample). Conclusions: “Open” screening programs fail in targeting young adults, especially males, and people reporting for screening are often already diagnosed with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes. Despite these limitations, “open” screening is effective in detecting undiagnosed cases of hypercholesterolemia. Non-smokers report for screening tests more often.

19

Application of Selected Statistical Methods in Assessing Homogeneity of Insurance Portfolio

80%

Szymańska A. , University of Łódź C. o. S. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2005

|

tom 194

PL

Podstawą prawidłowego funkcjonowania towarzystwa ubezpieczeniowego jest odpowiednie dopasowanie wysokości składek do poziomu ryzyka, jakie reprezentują ubezpieczani. Ubezpieczyciel najczęściej grupuje kontrakty ubezpieczeniowe w portfele charakteryzujące się zbliżonym poziomem ryzyka. Istnieją jednak czynniki bezpośrednio nieobserwowalne, wpływające na wielkość i częstość szkód. Dlatego istotnym zagadnieniem jest ocena jednorodności portfela ubezpieczeniowego. Celem referatu jest ocena wybranych metod, służących do sprawdzania jednorodności portfeli ubezpieczeniowych na przykładzie danych ubezpieczeń komunikacyjnych.

EN

The foundation of insurance company activity is proper adjustment of premium level to the risk level of the insured. The insurer usually groups policies in portfolios characterized with similar risk. However, there exist risk factors not observable directly, having impact on the claim size and frequency. An important issue, therefore is the assessment of portfolio homogeneity. The purpose of this work is the assessment of selected methods of testing portfolio homogeneity illustrated with an example of motor insurance.

20

Follow-up on the diagnostic level of children covered by the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in Poland, divided into voivodships

80%

Greczka G. , Zych M. , Dąbrowski P. , Gasińska A. , Król A. , Szyfter-Harris J. , Szyfter W.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

|

2019

|

tom 73

|

nr 4

1-7

EN

Introduction: Thanks to the Polish Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program (PUNHSP), all newborns in Poland undergo a free, screening hearing examination. Between 2006 and 2015, the average number of tested children per year was 373,477. According to the analysis of The Central Database (CDB), only 55.8% of the children attended the detailed hearing examinations at the second level of the Program. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the dates concerning the attendance of the children at the diagnostic level of PUNHSP in different regions of Poland. Materials and methods: To conduct an analysis of this fact and find out the reasons for low attendance at the second level in 2015, a telephone survey questionnaire was developed for parents who had not registered their babies for further consultation – 3,239 randomly selected parents. Results: The analysis revealed that the number of children examined at the second diagnostic level of the program is in fact much higher than the results of The Central Database show. The actual number is 83.6% as opposed to 55.8%. As a result of the telephone questionnaire some inaccuracies in the input data to the CDB were detected. The main errors in gathering the information for the CDB were incorrect OAE test result and no examination performed. C onclusion: In Poland the worst results (i.e. questionnaire results compared to CDB) for the attendance at the diagnostic level were shown in Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Mazowieckie and Podlaskie regions. In many cases there was a large discrepancy between the reality and the information in the CDB. The improvement of clarity concerning the CDB application is important in order to minimise the possibility of malformation in the CDB.