Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Dostęp do informacji publicznej a ochrona prywatności na tle aktualnego orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych

100%

Michalak A.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2016

|

nr 2(133)

47-65

EN

The confl ict between the right to privacy and transparency of public information is inevitable, and the case law of the Polish courts administration in this regard clearly indicates the primacy of transparency of the functioning of public authorities and persons holding public offi ce. However, this leads to mindless — and in most cases, deprived of a higher purpose — invasion of privacy of public officials and other employees of the public sector. In extreme cases, it may also jeopardize the smooth operation of the state and the safety of its offi cers distorting the purpose and nature of this form of social control. The article discusses the current posts of Polish administrative courts in regard of the confl ict of right to public information and the right to privacy.

2

Prywatność vs. świat wirtualny: ochrona praw jednostki w dobie Internetu

100%

Cłapińska K.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

|

2023

|

nr 3 (43)

153-165

EN

The article aims to indicate the most important issues facing an individual wishing to protect his or her privacy on the Internet. It also describes the evolution of the concept of the right to privacy, which over the years has become one of the most important subjective rights reﬂected both in the Polish Constitution and in the legal acts of the Council of Europe and the European Union. The text also demonstrates the approach to the issue of the right to privacy taken by both the Polish constitutional and international judiciary. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, in the cases of Dupate v. Latvia and Brother Watch and others v. United Kingdom, dealt with both the publication of photographs of a public ﬁgure taken surreptitiously in a private situation and mass surveillance. The Court of Justice of the European Union in Luxembourg, in its judgments, has often referred to the issue of the protection of telecommunications data, including the question of access by state services to such data (H.K case) and the rights and obligations created by Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter (Kärntner Landesregierung and Digital Rights Ireland Ltd case). The European Union authorities, reacting to the increasingly widespread problem of data ﬂows on the Internet, decided to enact the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The article describes the most important objectives and tasks to be fulﬁlled by this legal act. In addition, the main problems associated with the use of new technologies such as cybercrimes, cyber surveillance, data theft, as well as cryptojacking and the functioning of APTs (Advanced Persistent Threat), i.e. skilled hacking groups, are also indicated.

3

Nieukierunkowana inwigilacja elektroniczna w świetle aktualnego orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

100%

Rojszczak M.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

|

2022

|

nr 4 (40)

111-142

EN

In 2016, while testifying before a UK parliamentary committee, William Binney, former technical director of the US National Security Agency, stated that by implementing bulk surveillance programmes, “your government and my government has permitted what terrorists have wanted all along but could never achieve. That is to cause us to restrict our freedoms while also tripping up our efforts to stop them”.Despite the passage of years, controversy about the proportionality of the use of surveillance programmes involving indiscriminate and bulk data collection continues unabated. There are numerous arguments that such measures should not be used in democratic states. Despite the recurring reports of abuse and questionable usefulness of such solutions, there is also no shortage of arguments put forward by proponents of the use of untargeted measures proving the need (or even necessity) for their use for public security purposes.The issue presented here is also the subject of ongoing interest on the part of legislators and the judiciary. The article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of the ECtHR’s position on the use of electronic surveillance, in particular its untargeted forms. However, the article is intended not only to recapitulate the reasoning as set out in recent case law – including the 2021 judgments of the Grand Chamber in Big Brother Watch et al. v. United Kingdom and Centrum för rättvisa v Sweden – but also to prompt further discussion on the relevance of the Court’s position as set out in relation to the most important legal issues relating to mass surveillance. It is the author’s intention that in this way it will be possible to answer the question of whether the current standard set by the ECtHR can be considered sufficient to protect against the risk associated with the spread of modern surveillance measures and their increasing use by public authorities.

4

Prawo do życia rodzinnego na tle ogólnie pojmowanej prywatności jednostki

100%

Michałowska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2013

|

nr 911

51-64

EN

The article examines the conceptual scope and the capacity of the right to privacy. The study analyses the conceptual scope of ways of formulating the right to privacy and its sources in the literature. In the light of this relationship: value – personal rights – right of the subject, the considerations center on proving the fundamental thesis of the article – that the right to family life is an independent value formulated within a framework of isolated personal rights. The considerations focus on the juxtaposition of the two rights – to privacy and to family life – to determine their mutual relationships and prove the thesis adopted at the beginning of the article.

5

The right to privacy in the light of case law – selected issues

100%

Jarocka J.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2020

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tom 6

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nr 4

7-21

EN

The article presents rudimentary information on how the right to privacy is understood in the doctrine and case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, the Supreme Court and common courts. In the first place, the author will discuss protection of the right to privacy in light of the acts of international law and the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Then, selected judgments linked with the right to privacy in certain aspects will be discussed. The article ends with conclusions on how the right to privacy is understood as well as the observable contemporary threats to its protection.

6

Legal and Ethical Grounds of Professional Secrecy of a Lawyer in Selected European Union Countries and in the United States of America

100%

Białkowska P. M.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2021

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tom 45

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nr 2

77-103

EN

The subject of the article is professional secrecy in practicing the legal profession in American law, with the indication of some differences resulting from separate laws of different states, and in the European Union – taking into account a few exemplary countries. Its sources were described – both legal and ethical, as well as the definition and construction. Confidentiality has been included in the objective and subjective aspect, taking into account different views in the doctrine as to its scope. Bearing in mind the basic right from which professional secrets derive – the right to privacy – the article also includes some of its aspects related to confidentiality.

7

Strategic monitoring in the judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights

88%

Radoniewicz F.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2021

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

193-205

EN

The importance of the problem of surveillance carried out by state authorities, especially in recent years, in connection with the growing threat of terrorism is indisputable. State authorities sometimes take measures, which involve restricting human rights, especially the right to privacy, justifying them by the need to ensure security of both the state and its citizens. The objective of this article is to outline the standpoint of the European Court of Human Rights (under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights) on the so-called strategic monitoring, i.e. mass interception of data transferred via telecommunications networks and their subsequent analysis with a view to acquiring specific information.

8

The online school – a barrier of the right to privacy?

88%

Tirică A.-M.

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

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2021

|

nr 1(28)

117-132

EN

Following the current situation caused by the coronavirus pandemic, this study brings to light the way in which the traditional school (the notion “school” was used in this paper with reference to all levels of learning, both schools and universities) was replaced, in a somewhat forced way, with online school in a society pursuing the tradition of face-toface education. Given this aspect of e-learning and a possible higher exposure of their private life, for both students and teachers, the study will seek to answer the question: “Does online school represent a limitation of the right to private life?” through a series of legal arguments. However, before an answer is found, the right to private life and the right to education, as seen through Romanian legal regulations, as well as through the perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights, will be studied in detail. Last but not least, the concept of online school will be subject to analysis, from the perspective of both main parties involved in the education act, closely following the concept of private life.

9

Refleksje nad prawem do prywatności więźniów w kontekście powierzchni mieszkalnej

88%

Zięba-Załucka H.

Przegląd Prawa Publicznego

|

2012

|

nr 6

7-19

EN

The right to privacy is one of the fundamental rights of the modern constitution. Right to privacy includes the sphere associated with deprivation of liberty. The author says that there is no need to separate personal interest in the form of a right to a dignified imprisonment, because it contains the personal well-being, which is human dignity. The author on the background of the constitutional catalog of personal property shall render the Constitutional Court of 26 May 2008, which recognized the constitutional complaint of Jack G. concerning the lack of time limits placed prisoners in conditions where the cell area per person is less than 3 square meters. The Constitutional Court ruled that in exceptional situations (eg, building disaster in prison) is possible to embed prisoners for less than the standard 3m in short periods. The rules place the offender temporarily in a smaller cell but clearly defined. The author also emphasizes that the result of judgment of the Tribunal in May 2008. was the resolution of seven judges of the Supreme Court of 18 October 2011 at the request of the President of the Supreme Court in the application dated 30 March 2011 (BSA V-4110-2/11), which asked „Does placing a prisoner in a cell with an area for one person less than 3 square meters it is a violation of personal rights, whether the premise of compensation referred to in art. 448 of the Civil Code in this case is only unlawful or the guilt?” Now the Supreme Court arising from the article 77 paragraph 1 of the Constitution and article 417 of the Civil Code found that the make good damage caused by unlawful action of public authority also includes non-pecuniary damage (harm) in terms of article 448 of the Civil Code, and the fault is not a condition of the State Treasury pursuant to article 448 of the Civil Code. In the text we find the comments indicating a need for sanctions and measures of freedom and the idea that any circumstances, even the emergency can’t be an obstacle to respect the human dignity.

10

Freedom of independent speech and debate – vanishing point in an algorithmic democracy

75%

Piotrowski R.

Studia Iuridica

|

2023

|

tom 99

591-602

EN

The new technologies are fundamentally changing the culture of human rights, including the right to freedom of speech, by lowering the level of sensitivity to their violation and making people gradually accustomed to systemic restrictions not only on the right to privacy but also on the sovereignty of the nation. The dependence on new information and communication technologies is transforming the constitutional identity of the democratic state ruled by law, without formally changing the existing constitution. In a situation where any kind of fictitious reality may be fashioned using AI algorithms, the freedom of speech, as a reflection of freedom of thought, comes under acute threats.

11

The right to privacy in the legal system of the United States

75%

Bartczak M.

Torun International Studies

|

2013

|

nr 6

5-12

EN

The article presents a historical aspect of development of the right to privacy in the American legal system. The considerations bring closer the most significant issues concerning the privacy protection presented among U.S. case-law and doctrine.

12

Compatibility of Polish Law with EU Law Concerning the Use of Electronic Communications Means for Direct Marketing Purposes

75%

Salbert A.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2019

|

tom 12

|

nr 19

53-75

FR

La législation de l’UE fixe certaines exigences en ce qui concerne le traitement des données à des fins de commercialisation directe. Ces exigences figurent notamment dans le règlement 2016/679 et la directive 2002/58/CE. L’utilisation des moyens de communications électroniques à des fins de commercialisation directe a une influence tant sur les droits des entrepreneurs que sur ceux de leurs clients; il est donc essentiel d’interpréter correctement le droit communautaire en la matière, de le transposer correctement en droit national et de le faire appliquer correctement dans les États membres. Le présent article analyse la conformité du droit polonaise avec le droit communautaire en ce qui concerne l’utilisation de moyens de communication électroniques pour la commercialisation directe de produits ou de services similaires à des produits ou services précédemment vendus ou fournis par la même entité. Il y a beaucoup de doutes à cet égard. L’évaluation correcte de la législation polonaise à travers l’interprétation des règles pro-UE est cruciale car la législation polonaise prévoit des sanctions sévères en cas de violation des dispositions concernant l’utilisation des moyens de communication électroniques à des fins de la commercialisation directe.

EN

EU law sets out some requirements in respect of data processing for direct marketing purposes. These requirements are included in particular in Regulation 2016/6791 and Directive 2002/58/EC2. The use of electronic communications means for direct marketing purposes has an impact on both the entrepreneurs and their clients’ rights, therefore, accurate interpretation of EU law in this respect and an appropriate implementation of EU law into national law in Member States as well as its appropriate application in practice, are essential. This article provides an analysis of the conformity of Polish law with EU law in respect of the use of electronic means of communication for the direct marketing of products or services similar to products or services previously sold or provided by the same entity. There are a lot of doubts in this regard. The correct evaluation of Polish law with the use of pro-EU rules interpretation is crucial, because Polish law provides severe sanctions for the infringement of provisions concerning the use of electronic means of communications for direct marketing purposes.

13

Fundamental Rights and the Obligation to Publicly Disclose Information on Tax Strategy

75%

Szymacha A.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

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2021

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tom 4

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nr 32

7-20

EN

The aim of the article: The presented study concerns the problem of violations of fundamental rights caused by the law regulation contained in art. 27c of the Corporate Income Tax Act in Poland. This regulation provides obligation to publish information about introduced tax strategies. Yet, it may endanger many human rights and this article focuses on two of them – the right to remain silent, and the right of privacy. The aim of this article is to make an analysis of the standards presented by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Additionally, the standard presented by the Polish Constitutional Court is presented. Methodology: To decode these standards the comparative law method is used. Especially the case laws of these courts are presented and additionally, they are completed by the comparison of the acts that concern similar law institutions but come from different lawmakers. Results of the research: The results of the study do not provide a clear answer. However, they do allow for an approximation of the issue of possible violations of fundamental rights by the analyzed regulation. It is very likely that the analyzed regulation violates the right to remain silent and it is even close to certainty that the analyzed laws violate the right to privacy. The problem is not only the interference in these rights, but in its character as well. Under certain circumstances, interference with fundamental rights is acceptable but must be proportionate. Examined laws are only explained in terms of budgetary balance and the academic world points out that the purpose of this type of regulation is mainly of administrative convenience. This is far too little to consider this interference with fundamental rights imperative.

14

Democracy and the development of information and communications technology

75%

Piotrowski R.

Studia Iuridica

|

2023

|

tom 101

315-326

EN

If we accept that the democratic paradigm involves majority rule being constrained by human rights, including, in particular, the right to privacy, then the continuing encroachments on this paradigm must be seen as a threat to the foundations of democracy. A culture of respect for privacy comes as an indispensable condition for a human being to develop and nurture a personality aware of their individual identity, enabling him or her to assess the performance of public authority in a manner independent of the latter. In everyday practice, as it happens, people find their affairs to be increasingly determined by non-human factors, a result of the expansion of automated services and stock-exchange transactions, the internet of things, etc. The rules laid down by constitutions of democratic states are about the exercise of power by sovereign people, not by sovereign algorithms. Such a sovereignty is grounded in the freedom of choice, which involves dialogue, persuasion, and the deliberative process as a basis for making decisions. Artificial intelligence, in the currently existing forms, is not capable of reasoning based on knowledge and culture, nor can it conduct a dialogue in which it could be persuaded to change its view and thus accept a given arrangement. No instrument has been developed up to this day that would embrace a spiritual culture, which is intrinsic to humans.

15

Glosa do Wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 14 grudnia 2017 r., sygn. akt K 17/14

75%

Karaźniewicz J.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2021

|

nr 1(162)

179-191

EN

In the commented judgment, the Constitutional Tribunal stated that the provisions of laws and regulations providing for the right of officers of many services to search a person or carry out a personal inspection are inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The inappropriate division of regulations between laws and sub-statutory acts, violating the constitutional requirement of specifying the principles and procedure of limiting the rights and freedoms of the individual at the level of a law, was rightly ques-tioned. The Tribunal also referred to the obligation to ensure effective mechanisms of protection of individuals against unjustified interference with their rights through the introduction of effective measures of appeal against undertaken actions. Due to the narrow scope of the Ombudsman’s request initiating proceedings before the Tribunal, the consideration was limited only to certain aspects of searches and personal inspection. However, valuable, albeit fragmentary, references to the essence of these activities and their nor-mative shape, desirable from the constitutional perspective, can be found in the judgement.

16

Ograniczenia prawa do informacji – zagadnienia wybrane na gruncie ustawy o dostępie do informacji publicznej

75%

Banasik M.

Przegląd Prawa Publicznego

|

2012

|

nr 5

16-29

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss limitations of right to public information in Polish system of law. The right to public information is one of the most important human right in modern society. Because of the constitutional requirements every limitation of that sphere must respect two constitutional principles – principle of proportionality and necessity. We may distinguish two types of limitation of right to public information a) directly included in the Act of access to public information e.g. right to privacy, business secret and, recently imposed to the act, exceptionally important economic interest of state, and b) the limitations from other acts. International guarantees of that subjective right are the ground for creating polish system of access to public information. Public information is every information concerning public affairs. It is worth to remember that every public official, who is a subject to the Act of access of public information is obliged to furnish that information.

17

Right to Privacy and State Policy on Cyber Security. Necessity or Threat from the State

71%

Maciejewski R.

Przegląd Strategiczny

|

2020

|

nr 13

379-394

PL

W dobie niezwykle szybkiego rozwoju technologicznego szczególne zainteresowanie państwo kieruje ku bezpieczeństwu w cyberprzestrzeni, a dominującą wartością w jego polityce staje się cyberbezpieczeństwo. Tego rodzaju polityka może wywołać szereg negatywnych konsekwencji, do których można zaliczyć m.in. chęć wprowadzenia regulacji prawnych, które ograniczać mogą prawa i swobody obywatelskie, a w następnym etapie mogą prowadzić do stosowania przemocy. Skutkiem tego, ich realizacja powoduje nadmierną, a niejednokrotnie nieuprawnioną ingerencję organów publicznych w sferę prywatności obywateli. Należy też podkreślić, że globalny charakter Internetu sprawia, iż mechanizmy oparte na terytorialności w dość ograniczony sposób zapewniają skuteczną ochronę praw jednostek przed naruszeniami ze strony władzy publicznej w cyberprzestrzeni. Obok dużych szkód fizycznych i bezpośrednich strat finansowych, samo prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia przyszłych cyberzagrożeń wywoływać może społeczną nieufność i niechęć do pracy z nowymi technologiami.

EN

In the era of extremely rapid technological development, the state is directing particular interest towards security in cyberspace and cyber security is becoming a dominant value in its policy. Such a policy may cause a number of negative consequences, such as the willingness to introduce legal regulations that may limit civil rights and freedoms, and in the next stage may lead to violence. As a result, their implementation causes excessive, and often unauthorized, interference of public authorities in the sphere of citizens’ privacy. It should also be stressed that the global nature of the Internet means that mechanisms based on territoriality in a rather limited way ensure effective protection of individual rights against violations by public authorities in cyberspace. In addition to significant physical damage and direct financial losses, the mere likelihood of future cyber threats may cause social distrust and unwillingness to work with new technologies.

18

Definicja i granice prawnej ochrony prywatności w epoce analityki big data

71%

Rojszczak M.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

|

2019

|

tom 81

|

nr 1

115-128

EN

More than one hundred years after the first definitions of the right to privacy, the content of this right and the limits of its protection are still being discussed and disputed in the doctrine. The protection of human rights tends to define privacy by determining an open list of protected values. At the same time, in data protection law the scope of regulation is determined by terms ‘personal data’ and ‘special categories of data’. The definition of these terms has remained unchanged for over thirty years. The division of vertical and horizontal intrusions in the area of privacy protection in cyberspace is no longer valid. The activities of public authorities and specialized entities such as data brokers have been increasingly complementing one another. Collecting vast amounts of data about hundreds of millions of users may lead to privacy intrusions not only of individuals, but also of entire societies. The purpose of this article is an attempt to determine whether the legal regulations already in force and being implemented, based on the definition of personal data adopted in the pre-Internet era, have the potential to effectively protect against the risks associated with modern data processing techniques such as Big Data. To achieve this goal, the most important features of Big Data are discussed, such as algorithmic knowledge building or incremental effect, and it is also explained how this technology allows legal restrictions related to the processing of different categories of personal data to be bypassed. In the summary, a postulate to develop regulations dedicated to regulating the market for the processing of large data sets is formulated.

PL

Po ponad stu latach od wprowadzenia pierwszych definicji prawa do prywatności treść tego prawa i tym samym granice jego ochrony są wciąż analizowane i dyskutowane w doktrynie. W systemach ochrony praw człowieka dominuje podejście do definiowania prywatności przez wprowadzanie katalogu chronionych wartości. Jednocześnie w prawie ochrony danych zakres regulacji wyznaczany jest terminami „dane osobowe” i „specjalne kategorie danych”. Definicja tych pojęć jest stosowana w niemal niezmienionej formie od ponad trzydziestu lat. Podział zagrożeń dla prywatności na wertykalne i horyzontalne nie jest aktualny w odniesieniu do zdarzeń zachodzących w cyberprzestrzeni. Działania organów publicznych i wyspecjalizowanych podmiotów, takich jak brokerów danych, w coraz większym stopniu się uzupełniają. Gromadzenie ogromnej ilości danych na temat setek milionów użytkowników może prowadzić do naruszenia prywatności nie tylko jednostek, lecz także całych społeczeństw. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba analizy, czy obowiązujące przepisy prawne bazujące na koncepcjach ukształtowanych w erze przedinternetowej posiadają potencjał do skutecznej ochrony przed zagrożeniami związanymi z nowoczesnymi formami przetwarzania danych, takimi jak big data. W tym celu omówiono najważniejsze cechy big data, takie jak algorytmiczne budowanie wniosków czy efekt przyrostowy, a także wyjaśniono, w jaki sposób technologia ta pozwala na omijanie ograniczeń prawnych związanych z przetwarzaniem różnych kategorii danych osobowych. W podsumowaniu sformułowano postulat opracowania przepisów dotyczących regulacji rynku przetwarzania dużych zbiorów danych.

19

Nowe obowiązki administratorów danych osobowych

63%

Toumi M.

Teka Komisji Prawniczej

|

2019

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

377-391

EN

Privacy is a problem that touches virtually all aspects of human life and the changes occurring in the modern world and the development of technical means for collection, storage and retrieval of information about other people have increased the need to legally protect the human right to privacy, i.e. the right “to be left alone”). In the age of digital democracy, there has emerged a need to adopt systemic solutions that would take into account both new threats and ways of violating human rights and freedoms. On the European ground, the response to such demand was the implementation of the regulation on personal data protection – GDPR Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), which entered into force on 25 May 2018.

PL

Pojęcie prywatności dotyka niemal wszystkich aspektów życia człowieka, zaś rozwój kultury i technologii nieustannie zmienia perspektywę jej postrzegania. Zmiany zachodzące we współczesnym świecie oraz rozwój technicznych środków zbierania, gromadzenia i wyszukiwania informacji dotyczących innych osób sprawia, że bardzo silnie wzrasta konieczność prawnej ochrony ludzkiego prawa do prywatności – prawa do bycia pozostawionym samemu sobie. W erze demokracji cyfrowej zaistniała konieczność przyjęcia takich rozwiązań systemowych, które uwzględniłyby zarówno nowe zagrożenia, jak i sposoby naruszeń praw i wolności człowieka. Na gruncie europejskim odpowiedzią na takie zapotrzebowanie było wdrożenie RODO (rozporządzenie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z dnia 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE ogólne rozporządzenie o ochronie danych), które weszło w życie z dniem 25 maja 2018 r.

20

O prywatności zatrudnionych w świecie pracy ery technologicznej

63%

Bąba M.

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa

|

2022

|

tom 3(XXII)

201-215

EN

The main research thesis of the article is as follows: any analyzes of the transformations in the world of work and the phenomena taking place in it will make sense only in connection with the principles of operation of algorithms (algorithmic technology), which interpret them in a specific way and from which they are inseparable. In turn, the method of algorithmic management is embedded, like any other method, in the sphere of fundamental rights of an individual, it cannot violate their core (essence), it cannot ignore them in any way. Therefore, neither the algorithms themselves nor their operation can be interpreted in isolation, but only in a manner consistent with the fundamental principles of the Constitution and its system of values.

PL

Główna teza badawcza artykułu jest następująca: wszelkie analizy dokonujących się obecnie przeobrażeń świata pracy i zachodzących w nim zjawisk będą miały sens jedynie w łączności z zasadami działania algorytmów (technologii algorytmicznej), które je w określony sposób interpretują i od których są nieodłączne. Z kolei metoda algorytmicznego zarządzania osadzona jest, jak każda inna metoda, w sferze praw podstawowych jednostki, nie może naruszać ich rdzenia (istoty), nie może ich w żaden sposób ignorować. Ani same algorytmy, ani ich działanie nie mogą być więc interpretowane w izolacji, ale wyłącznie w sposób zgodny zasadami podstawowymi Konstytucji oraz jej systemem wartości