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EN
Marking quilled animals for individual recognition may be challenging. This is particularly true for European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus, whose defense mechanism involves the concealment of muzzle and underparts. Heat-shrink tubes have been widely used to mark quills, but they do not adapt to the morphological structure of the spines and are rapidly lost, thus reducing method effectiveness. We adapted a cheap and ethical method used to mark crested porcupine quills, which involves the use of colored adhesive tapes applied to quills. The retention period of this marking technique lasts up to 9 months, allowing short-term field studies and possibly dispersal distances measurements. The method could be improved by doubling the number of marked spines and by reapplying adhesive tape at every recapture event. Moreover, the use of a marking code can be obtained by subdividing the body of the hedgehog into six body areas, to increase the number of marking possibilities, through the combination of tape colors and body areas.
EN
The dam construction has substantial impacts on the downstream environment even from the beginning of construction stages. The stage of impounding water is supposed to have the largest effects on the downstream environment. Monthly observation was carried out during the trial impoundment of a large concrete dam, including water temperature, organic matter fluxes, epilithic chlorophyll a, and macroinvertebrate communities both at the upstream and the downstream water of the impoundment. Both before and after the impoundment, the epilithic chlorophyll a contents and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) fluxes variations were insignificant. As the impoundment volume increased the downstream water temperature substantially increased in comparison to upstream water temperature. Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) fluxes (gDW/10min) in the downstream became lower than that of the upstream even with one day of retention period. Chironomidae, Stenopsychidae, Simuliidae, Tipulidae and Hydropsychidae substantially enhanced immediately after the impoundment started, whereas, Taeniopterygidae and Chloroperlidae were declined. It was evident that the trial impoundment has a substantial effect on the downstream biota even from the low volume of water.
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