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EN
The subject of the research involved the agricultural farms from the Przysucha county (Masovian Voivodeship, Poland). The assessment of ecological results from farms was the purpose of the thesis. Evaluation was made by using selected indicators: minerals balance, soil's organic substances balance and vegetation cover of soil's index. The research was carried out among 100 chosen agricultural farms, situated on light soil, i.e. rye soil. The ecological assessment of the examined farms showed that all of minerals balances (N, P, K) and soil's organic substances balances were positive. In the case of nitrogen, balances exceeded the limit value 30 kg N·ha-1. Vegetation cover of soil's index, as regards arable land, did not reach the recommended value, i.e. at least 60%. However, the cover of utilised agricultural area soil was similar to the recommended level (>70%). That was because of the large orchards and permanent crops share in horticultural farms, as well as large permanent grassland share in bovine and mixed farms.
EN
The article discusses Polish sentences which are based on the same pattern: '...w taki sposób, że...'. The semantic analysis of phrases with the sequence sposób 'manner' has shown that the basic context for the concept of a way, or manner, of doing something accounts for the relational character of this idea. The relation in question occurs between the action, which is mentioned in a sentence, and its description. This meaning can be found/indicated thanks to the thematic-rhematic structure of sentence which distinguishes two functions of '... w taki sposób, że...': expressing the process of doing something, and expressing the manner of doing the thing in question.
3
Content available remote Using statistical analyses to assess landslide hazard
100%
EN
The study was realized in the Western Carpathians, in north part of Slovakia. The main objective is to assess landslide hazard in the region, using a quantitative evaluation and compare the results between used methods. Besides the studies to improve investigation techniques and mitigative measures, there has been a constant development of quantitative methods to assess the probability of future landslide occurrence. These methods can be divided into two main distinct categories: the deterministic and the statistical methods. For assessment three statistical analyses had been applied: bivariate using the weights of input parameters, multivariate conditional analysis and artificial neural networks. The methodology of landslide hazard assessment using statistical methods in a GIS environment is based on an appropriate choice of the factors affecting the stability of slopes. Statistical processing of landslide hazard assessment is based on the geological principle of phenomena and processes that is true, that landslides will occur in places where they occurred in the past respectively in present because of similar activation conditions (Bednarik et al. 2005). In the study four input parameters are evaluated which entered to statistical processing in the form of parametric maps. Statistical evaluation was executed in ArcGIS and Matlab environment. The outputs of this study are three prognostic landslide hazard maps. Applying bivariate statistical analysis was founded that the most favorable conditions for the development of slope deformation create the combination of slope sediments, south-oriented with slope angle from 11° to 17° in areas where land is used as a transitional woodland-shrub. For bivariate analysis the biggest problem is the determination of weights of individual parameters. In evaluation process is therefore necessary the subjective interference in the automation process and correction of the calculated weight value. This intervention is not required in the case of multivariate method. The advantage of this method is that the researcher can confirm the importance of each factor, but this requires considerable experiences and knowledge of the researcher and not only in the field of engineering geology. Applying multivariate conditional analysis few possible combinations of input parameters with a 100% probability of slope failures was identified. As an example is provided a combination of 4.5.2.17, which represents the combination of slope sediments in the natural grasslands area with slope angle from 7° to 11° oriented to the North. The advantage of multivariate statistical analysis is that the method primarily works with more data and also indirectly allows to take into account interactions between the input parameters. Another advantage is the lower technical and time complexity of the computer operations. For artificial neural network, a suitable combination of the conditions for landslides occurrence represents flysch sediments in the area of pastures, northwest oriented with slope from 9° to 15°. The artificial neural network (NN) has many advantages compared with bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The artificial neural network method is independent of the statistical distribution of the data and there is no need of specific statistical variables. Compared with the statistical 145 methods, neural networks allow the target classes to be defined with much consideration to their distribution in the corresponding domain of each data source (Lee et al. 2004). The disadvantage is the high technical and time complexity of the computer operations. To verify the degree of success of created prognostic landslide hazard maps receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used. The most important parameter is the area under curve (AUC). The size of the AUC determines the overall quality of predictive models. The maximum area of graph is 1 (ideal model, success rate is 100%), the area of model with a success rate of 50% has AUC = 0.5 (trivial model). The closer the area to the value 1 is, the more accurate the model is (Bednarik et al. 2010). Using bivariate statistical analysis the AUC is 0.852, for multivariate 0.919 and using NN the result is 0.924. The results shows that bigger degree of success has the prognostic landslide hazard map created using NN and it is equal to 92.4%.
EN
This study investigates the power of variables in a logistic regression model (the efficacy model or (EM)) to explain the match results in the Turkish Men’s Volleyball League (TMVL) and the Turkish Women’s Volleyball League (TWVL) in terms of the players’ positions. The dependent variable was the match result, and the power of the variables libero player efficiency (LPE), setter efficiency (SE), middle blocker efficiency (MBE), outside hitter efficiency (OHE) and universal player efficiency (UPE) were separately investigated for both genders. The EM accurately classified 83.45% of the games won and lost in the TWVL. The sensitivity (proportion of won games classified as won) and specificity (proportion of lost games classified as lost) was 85.03 and 81.88%, respectively. In the TMVL analysis, the classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 78.23, 78.77 and 77.70%, respectively. Moreover, for both genders, the match results were chiefly explained by the SE, MBE, OHE and UPE. The LPE variable could not predict the results in the TWVL.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present economic determinants of the functioning of primary schools in Inowrocław borough as well as its neighbouring boroughs since 2010. The aspect of functioning of schools as budgetary units based on financial plans as well as principles, which must be guided by the organizational unit of the public sector are presented. Various statistical analyzes were carried out to approximate the interdependencies between the given inputs and the achievements in primary schools to highlight the result of the so-called economic calculation. Then, all the data concerning individual primary schools from the analyzed period were collected to attempt to indicate the most similar boroughs in terms of expenditures and results achieved in primary schools as well as to indicate the most prosperous boroughs in this respect based on cluster analysis. The Central Statistical Office turned out to be indispensable, from which a lot of information about local data was obtained and thanks to which boroughs could be compared in many aspects. The source documents received from units serving individual boroughs, such as financial annual reports or information on the state of implementation of educational tasks, were the most helpful in conducting a study on the functioning of primary schools in individual boroughs. The article uses the data for the years 2010-2017.
EN
The objective of the reported study was a trial of selecting factors that differentiate and, simultaneously, determine a sports level of women specializing in race walking. The study covered 35 one-year training macrocycles. The material collected was divided into three blocks. The study was conducted with the method of recording, gathering and analysis of training loads worked out at the Department of the Theory of Sports, Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. Use was also made of the classification of training means groups for the event of race walking elaborated by Krzysztof Perkowski, with own modification. Differences in training loads between three groups of sportswomen were evaluated with the use of a one-way analysis of variance (a parametric test ANOVA), and the Kruskal-Wallis test (a non-parametric test). Once the result was significant (p<0.05), the differences between groups were evaluated with the Tukey (RIR) test (for parametric tests) or with the multiple comparison test (for the Kruskal-Wallis test). Loads that significantly differentiated the training of sportswomen at various levels of advancement turned out to be efforts realized in the fourth area of energetic transformations (T₄), directed loads (D) as well as versatile loads realized in the fourth area of intensity (V₄). The achievement of high scores is facilitated by reduction of those loads and by increasing the special loads realized in the fourth area of energetic transformations (S₃), the effect of which appeared to be statistically significant. Another factor differentiating the levels of sports advancement turned out be the special loads realized in the fifth area of intensity (S₅).
EN
The article deals with the essence of special competence of lecturers of special subjects in higher military educational institutions as a multidimensional integral formation, which is a structural complex of professional qualities, abilities and approving of a lecturer as a pedagogic activity subject, that enable him/her to realize successfully certain pedagogic functions as a pedagogic activity subject in the military education system. There were substantiated and experimentally verified the organizational and pedagogic conditions increasing the productivity of development of special subjects lecturers' special competence.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zweryfikowanie, czy spółki notowane na GPW w Warszawie w przypadku zmniejszania stanu rezerw ujawniają mniej informacji o rezerwach w swoich sprawozdaniach finansowych niż w przypadku zwiększania stanu rezerw. Sformułowano hipotezę, że w przypadku zmniejszeń stanu rezerw szczegółowość ujawnień jest niższa niż w przypadku zwiększania stanu rezerw. Hipoteza została zweryfikowana za pomocą analizy danych zawartych w sprawozdaniach finansowych 148 spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie za lata 2007–2014: łącznie przeanalizowano dane zawarte w 1184 sprawozdaniach finansowych. W ramach prowadzonych badań skonstruowano trójstopniowy wskaźnik szczegółowości ujawnień dwóch wiodących kategorii rezerw, a następnie porównano wartości wskaźników ujawnień z faktem zmniejszania i zwiększania rezerw. Metodologia badań obejmowała studia literaturowe oraz badania empiryczne z wykorzystaniem autorskiego wskaźnika szczegółowości ujawnień i testowania statystycznego. Przeprowadzone badania poszerzają dorobek poznawczy nurtu badań nad jakością ujawnień w sprawozdaniach finansowych oraz teorii agencji.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to verify whether companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange disclose less information about reserves in their financial statements in case of a reduction in reserves than in case of an increase in reserves. It has been hypothesized that in the case of a reduction in reserves balance, disclosures are less detailed than in the case of an increase in them. This hypothesis was verified through an analysis of information reported in the financial statements of 148 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the years 2007–2014: in total, the analyzed data comes from 1184 financial statements. Within the research, a three-step index of disclosures detail of the two leading reserve categories is constructed and followed with a comparison of the values of disclosure indexes and the fact that reserves were reduced and increased. The research methodology included literature studies and empirical studies using the author’s index of disclosure detail and statistical testing. The conducted research extends the cognitive legacy of mainstream research into the quality of financial statements disclosures and in the principal-agent problem.
EN
Introduction. During assessing physical activity researchers often use self-reported methods which may not meet psychometric standards and can lead to false results due to the application of inaccurate or wrongly chosen tools. Aim of Study. The aim of this paper was to compile a list of most popular questionnaires used for assessing physical activity among the elderly and to examine their qualitative and psychometric characteristics. Methods. An analysis of articles published in international scientific journals on the topic of physical activity assessment among elderly people was performed in order to select reliable and valid questionnaires. Results. Twenty-one papers containing information on psychometric criteria of eleven questionnaires were analyzed. The majority of reliability and validity studies were performed on the PASE and YPAS questionnaires. In terms of objectivity, the best ones turned out to be the CHAMPS, IPAQ, PAQE, PASE, and YPAS questionnaires. The highest reliability assessment scores were given to the APAFOP, PAR, PAQE, and QAPSE questionnaires. The best validation scores with objective methods assessing physical activity were carried out for the APAFOP, PAQE, PASE, and YPAS questionnaires. Conclusions. Among the analyzed questionnaires, the best one in terms of objectivity, standardization, validity, and reliability was the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS).
EN
Fish and other fishery products are subjected to the official sanitary-veterinary controls as required by Regulation (EC) No 854/2004. The aim of the study was to analyse the results of sanitary-veterinary examinations of fish in Poland in 2010-2016 conducted by the Veterinary Inspection. The results of the laboratory examination on fish were worked out based on the annual reports issued by the General Veterinary Inspectorate. The analysis of the results included the sanitary-veterinary examination of marine and farmed fish (salmonids, cyprinids and other fish species) carried out by the Veterinary Inspection. Moreover, the sanitary evaluation of samples of fish, seafood and their products on the basis of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis results performed by the State Sanitary Inspection (PIS) were used. Throughout the analyzed period, a total of 1 436 109 009.60 kg of fish were examined, in that 145 711.71 kg (0.01%) were declared unfit for human consumption. The most important reasons for fish rejection proved to be parasite invasions (45.91% of the total amount of discarded fish), viral diseases (41.74%), bacterial diseases (9.71%) and the exceeded acceptable level of histamine (2.56%) and dioxins (0.07%). The sanitary examination of the food samples carried out by the PIS showed that the causes of rejection included the surpassed levels of food additives (2.3-2.7% of all the discarded samples) and chemical contaminants (1.4-2.4%) as well as abnormal microbiological and sensory tests results (0.1-1.2%). Summing up, the amount of fish rejected during the analyzed period was low which indicates the good quality of the obtained raw material.
EN
Analysis of results assessment of growth of Charolais beef cattle in Poland. The aim of the study was to assess the utility of selected results of the French Charolais breed with respect to their compliance with the goal of racial breeding and standards adopted by the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Beef Cattle (PABPBC). The subject of the analysis were recording results of the French Charolais beef cattle breed in Poland. The study was based on data for the years 2002-2013 of PABPBC and the National Center of Animal Breeding (NCAB) for 1996-2001. The data set included: n - the number of animals tested, min. - Minimum values in the studied traits, max. - the maximum value of the selected features, average - average values of the analyzed traits, SD - standard deviation. Evaluated properties are: average weight of cows (kg), the average body weight of calves after birth (kg), the average daily gains for age 210 days (g), the average body weight of calves at the age of 210 days (kg), the average milk yield (kg), the terms of cows and heifers calving aptitude, the distribution of the population according to the order of calving cows. One can observe a gradual decline in the share of Charolais breed in national beef cattle population, also shows a significant decrease in the number of crossbreds with Charolais breed. The average weight of cows in 2005-2006 amounting to 559.4 and 570.2 kg meet the standards for breeding of cows entered in the initial part of the herd book, which define the minimum weight of Charolais cows after first calving as 550 kg. The average weight at birth of heifer calves in each year assessment was similar, but after 2008 began more than 40 kg. In purebred bull calves was seen a systematic increase in the average birth weight. The difference in birth weights between heifers and bulls ranged from 1 kg in 1999 to 3.6 kg in 2012. High average daily weight gains of bulls to 210 days of age, at short extra supplementary fattening period of about one month allow to export the animals weighing about 300 kg at an good price. The average daily gains of heifers (550-560 g), guarantee obtaining at 15 months of age body weight allowing the commencement of breeding. From 30.4 to 47.8% Charolais cows in recent years delivered in the relevant period.
PL
Analiza wyników oceny wzrostu bydła Charolaise w Polsce. Celem pracy była analiza wybranych wyników oceny użytkowości francuskiej rasy charolaise w odniesieniu do ich zgodności z celem hodowlanym i standardami rasowymi przyjętymi przez PZHiPBM. Przedmiotem analiz były wyniki oceny użytkowości francuskiej rasy bydła mięsnego charolaise w Polsce. Opracowanie oparte jest na danych Polskiego Związku Hodowców i Producentów Bydła Mięsnego (PZHiPBM) za lata 2002-2013 oraz Krajowego Centrum Hodowli Zwierząt (KCHZ) za lata 1996-2001. Zbiór danych obejmował: N – liczbę badanych zwierząt, min. – minimalne wartości w badanej cechy, max. – maksymalne wartości badanej cechy, średnia – uśrednione wartości badanej cech, SD – odchylenie standardowe. Oceniane cechy to: średnie masy ciała krów (kg), średnie masy ciała cieląt po urodzeniu (kg), średnie przyrosty dobowe do wieku 210 dni (g), średnie masy ciała cieląt w wieku 210 dni (kg), średnia mleczność krów (kg), terminy ocieleń krów i jałowic, rozkład populacji krów według kolejności ocielenia. Można zaobserwować stopniowy spadek udziału rasy charolaise w krajowej populacji bydła mięsnego. widać również znaczący spadek liczby mieszańców z rasą charolaise. Średnie masy krów w latach 2005-2006 wynoszące odpowiednio 559.4 i 570.2 kg spełniają standardy hodowlane dla krów wpisywanych do części wstępnej księgi hodowlanej, które określają minimalną masę ciała krowy rasy charolaise po 1. ocieleniu jako 550 kg. Średnia masa ciała przy urodzeniu jałówek w poszczególnych latach oceny była zbliżona, ale po roku 2008 zaczęła przekraczać 40 kg. U buhajków czystorasowych widać systematyczny wzrost średniej masy urodzeniowej. Różnica średnich mas urodzeniowych między jałówkami, a buhajami wynosiła od 1kg w roku 1999 do 3.6 kg w roku 2012. Wysokie średnie przyrosty dobowe masy ciała buhajków do 210 dnia życia pozwalają przy niedługim dodatkowym uzupełniającym okresie opasu wynoszącym około jednego miesiąca sprzedaż na eksport za korzystną cenę opasów o masie ciała około 300 kg. Uzyskane średnie dobowe przyrosty cieliczek dają gwarancję, że dalsze żywienie gwarantujące przyrosty dobowe w granicach 550-560 g pozwolą na uzyskanie przez nie w wieku 15 miesięcy masy ciała pozwalającej na rozpoczęcie użytkowania rozpłodowego. W polskich stadach bydła charolaise cieliło się w ostatnich latach we właściwym okresie od 30.4 do 47.8 % krów.
EN
Two groups of turkeys: slow-growing primitive turkeys (SS n = 80 and n = 80) and fast-growing Big-6 turkeys (<$<$ n = 80 and n = 80) were reared in a semi-intensive system: turkey hens until 14th week whereas turkey toms until 22nd week of life. Twelve males and twelve females with body weight corresponding to the mean body weight in a group were selected from each group for slaughter and slaughter performance analysis. A significantly (P < 0.01) higher body weight and weight of all anatomical parts examined were found in both hens and males of Big-6 turkeys. An exception was the weight of abdominal fat (P < 0.05) and weight of gizzard (NS) in males. In turn, Big--6 females were characterized by a significantly (P < 0.01) higher percentage of: breast muscles (by 8.7), leg muscles (by 2.4) and abdominal fat (by 0.9), and significantly (P < 0.01) lower percentage of: wings, heart, liver and gizzard (by respectively: 0.2, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.9) in the body weight. In the case of Big-6 males, analyses demonstrated a significantly (P < 0.01) higher percentage of breast muscles (by 16.5) and leg muscles (by 2.5, P < 0.05), and lower (P < 0.01) percentage of wing, heart, liver and gizzard (by respectively: 0.3, 0.2, 0.7 and 1.5) in the body weight, compared to the primitive turkeys.
PL
Wpływ genotypu indyków na wyniki wydajności poubojowej. Dwie grupy indyków: wolnorosnące prymitywne (88 n = 80 i $C n = 80) i szybkorosnące Big-6 (88 n = 80 i $C n = 80) odchowywano w systemie półintensyw-nym. Indyczki utrzymywano do 14. a indory do 22. tygodnia życia. Do uboju i analizy rzeźnej wybrano po 12 samic i 12 samców o masie ciała średniej dla płci w grupie. Stwierdzono istotnie wyższą (P < 0,01) masę ciała i wszystkich części ciała u obu płci indyków Big-6. Wyjątek stanowiły u indorów masa tłuszczu brzusznego (P < 0,05) i masa żołądka mięśniowego (NS). Indyczki Big-6 wykazały istotnie wyższy (P < 0,01) udział procentowy w masie ciała mięśni piersiowych (o 8,7), mięśni nóg (o 2,4) i tłuszczu brzusznego (o 0,9), ale istotnie niższy (P < 0,01) skrzydeł, serca, wątroby i żołądka mięśniowego (odpowiednio o 0,2, 0,1, 0,3, 1,9). Indory Big-6 wykazały istotnie wyższy (P < 0,01) udział procentowy mięśni piersiowych (o 16,5) i mięśni nóg (o 2,5, P < 0,05), ale niższy (P < 0,01) skrzydeł, serca, wątroby i żołądka mięśniowego (odpowiednio o 0,3, 0,2, 0,7, 1,5) w porównaniu do indyków prymitywnych.
EN
Currently, scientists draw attention to the issues of further professional growth and professional competence of the individual specialist. The problem of professional human self in the present socio-cultural dimension occupies a central place. The peculiarity of professional self-organization is that expert knowingly and intentionally uses and improves components of the personality structure in professional activities aimed at addressing educational and professional tasks. In the article the features of professional self-organization of the social pedagogue as a means of increasing professional competence are highlighted. Characteristics of competency approach to vocational education showed that competence is characteristic and integrative quality of a person, focused on solving real problems, stemming from its position. It should be noted that the problem of professional self-identity in the scientific literature is covered primarily in the context of interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge of the person and his interaction with the environment. The process of self-organization of professional activity of a social pedagogue is influenced by many factors throughout life, that are different: the quality and degree of intensity of exposure; formation of professional self, which is caused by the dynamics of the individual as a whole and in each case takes on a special character; complex, multidimensional process, following its internal logic and that the individual has a peculiar trajectory. Professional self-organizing of a specialist is a system whose elements are: self-governing, professional competence, pedagogical reflection. The same may be said about self-organization of professional social pedagogue as a means of increasing professional competence. Self-organization of professional social workers is the ability to determine purpose and priorities, organize their gradual solution to monitor this process and analyze the results obtained to further development, improvement of necessary professional skills, abilities and can be seen as a means. Therefore, in the professional competence of the expert is important to focus on the formation and the ability to self-organization and self-organization in professional careers.
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tom 1
153-162
EN
: The article deals with the research of the resultatives of the Ukrainian language: of the formal-grammatical types, of the peculiarities of functioning. The paper presents an interpretation of the notion “resultative” in the modern linguistic literature, it distinguishes types of the forms of the resultatives. Further, a definition of the term “resultative” is offered. Resultative constructions are described in connection with the extralinguistic phenomena by means of reception of external interpretation. The reception of interlevel interpretation allowed to trace connections of resultatives with other language units. Resultative constructions are investigated on the basis of other units in their proximity in a context: influence of context on resultative / stative / passive / perfect value of lexeme on the basis of the methodology of a distributive analysis of a structural method. The reception of substitution is applied for authentication of language units.
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2018
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tom 1
192-200
EN
The article contains an analysis of the concept of ‘aspect of the verbal action’ inaccordance with the assumptions of leading linguists, aspectual-semantic classificationof resultative constructions of the Ukrainian language, the statistical observation of the qualitativeand quantitative availability of resultatives in lexicographical works in the XX–XXI centuries.The article examines the factors determining resultatives: functions, correlative with thesemantics of the verb-motivator. The study classified lexical units, which represent the resultsof the basis of the value of the verb-motivator; lexical units formed from basic motivators, wherethe result of the action – the acquisition of a specific optical characteristic; lexical units indicatingthe result at which action cannot continue. The analysis of the category of resultatives was carriedout taking into account the quantitative and qualitative changes. The category of resultative isconsidered an open system that responds to the needs of real phenomena.
EN
The aim of this study was to examine relationships between results of soccer-specific skill tests and game-related soccer skills in young players aged 12 and 15 years. The participants were 60 male soccer players aged 11.87-14.76 years divided into two groups: lower secondary school candidates (12y) aged 11.87 ± 0.23 years (n = 30), and upper secondary school candidates (15y) aged 14.76 ± 0.42 years (n = 30). Soccer-specific skills were assessed using two outdoor tests in competitive match conditions: Dribble Test and Turning Test. The assessment of the game-related skills was carried out by five expert judges during a 5 vs 5 small-sided game. The evaluation criteria had been set by a panel of experts. The reliability of game-related skills assessments procedures was calculated using intra class correlation (ICC), standard error of the mean (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between results of assessments of game-related skill and soccer-specific skill tests. Relationships between soccer-specific skills and game-related skills in 15-year-old players (–0.325 to –0.452) are less pronounced than in 12-year-old players (–0.496 to –0.667). It seems to be unjustified to use soccer-specific skill tests for prediction of young soccer players’ potential. The results of these tests can depend on numerous biological differences in the development of adolescent players. In conclusion, evaluation of players by judges should be part in talent identification models in youth soccer.
PL
Celem artykułu było przedstawienie analizy działalności przedsiębiorstwa z branży przewozów intermodalnych w latach 2013-2017.Artykuł w swojej treści zawiera kolejno: istotę transportu, rodzaje technik przeładunkowych jak również porusza kwestie związane z technologiami przewozowymi w intermodalnym transporcie towarowym. Następnie w celu analizy rzeczywistej sytuacji rynkowej, analizie poddano przedsiębiorstwo świadczące usługi intermodalne, zlokalizowane w Polsce, PCC Intermodal S.A. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy wyciągnięto wnioski.
EN
The aim of the article was to presentananalysis of the enterpriseactivity from the intermodal transport industry in 2013-2017. The articlecontains in itscontent: the essence of transport, types of reloadingtechniques, as well as issuesrelated to transport technologies in intermodalfreight transport. Then, in order to analyze the actual market situation, the companyprovidingintermodal services located in Poland, PCC Intermodal S.A. Based on the analysis, I drew conclusions.
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