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Involvement of vagal opioid receptors in respiratory effects of morphine in an anaesthetized rats

100%

Kaczynska K. , Szereda-Przestaszewska M.

nr 2

Respiratory effects of morphine injection to the femoral vein were investigated in urethane and chloralose anaesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats, prior to and after midcervical vagotomy. Bolus injection of morphine HCl at a dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight induced depression of ventilation in all rats, due to the significant decrease in tidal volume and to the decline in respiratory rate both pre- and post-vagotomy. Expiratory apnoea of mean duration of 10.0±3.4 s was present in the vagally intact rats only. Bilateral midcervical section of the vagus nerve precluded the occurrence of apnoea. Prolongation of the expiratory time (TE morphine / TE control), which amounted to10.7±2.2-fold in the intact state, was apparently reduced to 1.5±0.3-fold after division of the vagi. Morphine significantly decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 30 s after the challenge, the effect persisted for not less than 1 minute and was absent in vagotomized rats. The respiratory changes evoked by morphine reverted to the control level after intravenous injection of naloxone at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Results of this study indicate that opioid receptors on vagal afferents are responsible for the occurrence of apnoea and hypotension evoked by morphine.

Respiratory effects of serotonin challenge to pulmonary and laryngeal circulation in anaesthetized cats

84%

Szereda-Przestaszewska M. , Wypych B.

nr 4

Respiratory effects of exposure to dust from herbs

84%

Golec M. , Skorska C. , Mackiewicz B. , Gora A. , Dutkiewicz J.

nr 1

A group of 150 people occupationally exposed to dust from herbs were examined. As a reference group, 50 urban dwellers, not exposed to any kind of organic dust were examined. People were subjected to routine physical examination and to lung function examinations with the LUNGTEST 500 spirometer (MES, Krakow, Poland). The spirometric values of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and FEV1/VC were recorded before and after work. Physical chest examination revealed pathological crepitations in 10 people (6.7%). The mean baseline spirometric values in the study and reference groups did not show significant differences compared to the normal values. In the herb workers exposed to organic dust the post-shift decrease of all analysed spirometric values was noted. The post-shift decrease of some spirometric values (VC, VC% of normal values) was highly significant (p<0.01). There was evidenced of a significant positive correlation between the age of examined people and decrease of VC and FEV1 values. In 12 exposed workers the decrease of FEV1 or FEV1% of normal values higher than 15% was noted. 50% of these workers cultivated thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). This may suggest that dust from herbs, especially thyme dust, may cause acute airway obstruction. In the group showing significant decrease of FEV1/FEV1% of normal values (>15%) the frequency of reported respiratory work-related symptoms (83.3%) was higher than in the rest of exposed group (61.5%). In conclusion, occupational exposure to dust from herbs may cause harmful effects on the respiratory system among herb processing workers. This indicates the need for use of prophylactic measures in this professional group, the more so as number of people occupationally exposed to dust from herbs is growing.

Diverging respiratory effects of serotonin and nicotine in vagotomised cats prior to and after section of carotid sinus nerves

84%

Szereda-Przestaszewska M. , Kopczynska B. , Kaczynska K. , Chrapusta S. J.

tom 52

nr 1