Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Women’s rights and pro-life movement: opposition or harmony?

100%

Bach-Golecka D.

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tom 99

9-40

EN

The aim of this article is to focus on women’s rights and how these rights correlate with pro-life stance: Are those in opposition to one another or in harmony? In order to answer this question, an analysis of the notion of women’s rights has been performed. Moreover, the categories of the rights of pregnant women and reproductive rights are also examined. The normative analysis of human rights provisions concerning the scope of the protection of the right to life in the pre-natal phase is made, alongside the examination of relevant judicial decisions, namely: the Court of Justice of the European Union in the "Grogan" case (1991), the Supreme Court of the United States judgments in "Roe v. Wade" (1973) and "Dobbs" case (2022), the European Court of Human Rights in "Bouton v. France" (2022) and the Polish Constitutional Tribunal judgment on prohibition of eugenic abortion (2020). In conclusion, the arguments concerning the mutual relationship between women’s rights and the pro-life and pro-abortion movements are presented, with a final standpoint on the noble character of the pro-life stance, based on human rights protection due to solidarity, altruism and cosmopolitan values.

2

The analysis of human rights ‘inflation’ in the context of evolving international regime of women’s rights

88%

Buszman Z.

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tom 99

41-58

EN

Without a doubt, the concern about ‘human rights inflation’ reflects the modern world’s increasing ambition, breadth and complexity in developing the human rights regime. This rapidly expanding catalogue of rights has generated discussion about human rights proliferation, devaluation and too vast interpretation. Consequently, some critics perceive new generations of human rights as less relevant, which ultimately is supposed to alter their purpose, legitimacy, and effectiveness. This article seeks to disentangle the inflation objection from other concerns about rights expansionism and to critically assess it. Therefore, it will both analyze the phenomenon of rights inflation as well as evaluate its scope of implication based on the progressive development of women’s rights in the domain of gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence. The article will also analyze examples of possible regresses of women’s rights in the topic of reproductive rights based on constitutional court decisions in the United States and Poland. To underline only a few examples, the most striking ones will be presented and they will relate to (i) the evolution of women’s rights invigorated by the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the interpretation of its provisions by the CEDAW Committee, (ii) the recognition of the crime of sexual violence in armed conflicts as well as a more accurate definition of the crime of rape and lastly (iii) the exponential progress of second generation rights, which include social, economic and political emancipation of women. The article will reach its conclusion by explaining the importance of generating a sense of closure in human rights interpretation through drawing strict boundaries around the corpus of ‘proper’ human rights without entitling to a suspicion of claims of too far-reaching cultural and political transformations within societal structure. Instead of calling it human rights devaluation, the author argues that it should be perceived as human rights evolution, which encompasses both a constant adjustment and reinterpretation of rights according to the rapidly changing world as well as the way people understand it.

3

“Gender troubled” – from the production and reproduction of masculinity to the forms of overcrossing gender: Masculinity, sexuality and procreation. Reproductive rights and health as not only women’s issue

75%

Dzwonkowska-Godula K.

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2017

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tom 18(2)

144-167

EN

The aim of the article is to investigate men’s reproductive rights and reproductive health. I want to answer questions concerning men’s freedom and autonomy in decisions about their own sexuality and fertility and about restrictions imposed on them by the society through informal and formal social norms. The research refers to such fields of reproductive rights as sex education, fertility and reproductive health control and are based on the analysis of secondary data (publications, law regulations, results of social research, media coverage, websites) related to male sexuality and procreation. In the first part of the paper the model of hegemonic masculinity is presented, with particular emphasis on the elements relating to sexuality and procreation. The second part of the article refers to the impact of this model on the implementation of reproductive rights of Polish men in three mentioned above areas of reproductive rights. The analysis of the results of the previous research and literature on the subject resulted in formulating a hypothesis that male reproductive rights are limited not by formal, legal norms (as is the case of women, for example access to contraception or abortion), but by cultural norms – patriarchal, hegemonic concept of masculinity and male sexuality.

4

Eugenika w propozycjach legalizacji prawa do zdrowej reprodukcji

63%

Biesaga T.

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nr 2

PL

Artykuł demaskuje prowadzone od wielu lat starania ruchów demograficznych, kontroli urodzeń i tzw. wyzwolenia kobiet dotyczące zalegalizowania prawa do tzw. zdrowej reprodukcji. Prawo to, przyznane rodzicom, zmuszałoby lekarzy do śledzenia poprzez diagnostykę prenatalną wszelkich schorzeń w okresie prenatalnym oraz do eugenicznej, aborcyjnej eliminacji instytucjonalnej dotkniętych tymi schorzeniami.Tekst przywołuje również najnowsze projekty poszerzania prenatalnej selekcji eugenicznej. Są one propagowane przez bioetyków utylitarystycznych zalecających przeprowadzanie selekcji prenatalnej, manipulacji genetycznej czy aborcji w okresie prenatalnym w celu rodzenia jedynie zaprojektowanych najlepszych dzieci. Swoich zaleceń – rozpowszechnianych pod hasłem prokreatywnego dobrodziejstwa – nie tylko nie uważają oni za niemoralne, ale wprost przeciwne, propagują je jako moralny obowiązek rodziców. Rodzice ich zdaniem są moralnie zobowiązani do projektowania najlepszych dzieci, i w tym celu powinni mieć prawo do tzw. prokreatywnego dobrodziejstwa, czyli do eliminacji dzieci niespełniających ich oczekiwań.

EN

The paper reveals different efforts of population and birth control movements engaged for years in legalization so-called rights of reproductive health. This kinds of rights owned by parents would force physician by using prenatal diagnostic tests to check on unborn, ill children to eliminate them through institutional, eugenic abortion.The article also presents recent projects to enlarge prenatal, eugenic selection. These are spread by utilitarian bioethicist who advised parents to do prenatal selection, genetic manipulation and abortion to produce best children. These recommendation for parents they treat not as immoral but as a Procreative Beneficence and moral obligation. According to them parents are morally obliged to project their best children and in the realization of Procreative Beneficence should have rights to eliminate those children who cannot fulfill their expectations.

5

Typy legitymizacji w wypowiedziach hierarchów Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce na temat gender i praw reprodukcyjnych

63%

Szwed A.

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nr 3(234)

81-108

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi legitymizacji obecnych w dyskursie Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce wypowiedzi na temat gender i praw reprodukcyjnych z lat 2012–2017. Jego celem jest rekonstrukcja sposobów, w jakie przedstawiciele Kościoła uprawomocniają swoje stanowisko we wspomnianych polach dyskursywnych oraz odpowiedź na pytanie o rolę, jaką pełni wykorzystanie zróżnicowanych legitymizacji o charakterze religijnym i świeckim w kontekście obecności Kościoła w sferze publicznej. Prezentowane dane są wynikiem jakościowej analizy treści dokumentów Konferencji Episkopatu Polski oraz publicznych wypowiedzi polskich biskupów, takich jak: wywiady w mediach, kazania, wystąpienia konferencyjne. W warstwie teoretycznej i metodologicznej artykuł odwołuje się do założeń perspektywy społecznego tworzenia rzeczywistości (Berger i Luckmann), koncepcji dyskursywnego konstruowania legitymizacji (van Leeuwen) oraz założeń SKAD (the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse).

EN

The article discusses the problem of legitimations in the discourse of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland on gender and reproductive rights from 2012–2017. Its aim is to reconstruct the ways the representatives of the Church legitimize their standpoint within these discursive fields and to explain the role of using diverse religious and secular legitimations for the public presence of the Roman Catholic Church. The results of the quantitative content analysis of the Polish Bishops’ Conference documents and bishops’ public utterances, i.e. media interviews, sermons, and conference speeches, are presented in the article. At the theoretical and methodological level the article uses the social construction of reality perspective (Berger and Luckmann), the conception of discursive construction of legitimation (van Leeuwen) and the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD).