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1
Content available Racja stanu jako suwerenność państwa in actu
100%
Danek A.
|
2015
|
tom 13
7-16
XX
The article above attempts to clarify relation between notions of sovereignty and reason of state. Both notions refer to the same matter – state. Author explicates an argument according to which state sovereignty in international relations depends on its amount of power while reason of state is a demand of permanent enlargement of state’s power. Implementation of reason of state leads to increase and enhancement of state sovereignty.
2
Content available remote Racja stanu a polska prezydencja
100%
Jackowska N.
|
2012
|
nr 2(343)
59-68
EN
Presidency of the Council of Europe is an institution of the European law which has been exercised since 1958 and evolves together with changes of the treaty and the dynamism of development of the European Communities and the EU. It binds the European communities to their foundation, i.e. national states, and by giving prominence to the subjectivity of the state it facilitates references to the idea of the reason of state. In Poland, this idea manifested its validity in the last decades which are identified with the democratic breakthrough and transformation of the state system of government. The civic theme voiced in public rhetoric showed the reason of state in a new light, revealing its affinity to national interest. The civic foundation of statehood is expected to contribute bold and convincing ideas to the European debate on the future. This will help to outline a new interpretation of the notion of the reason of state, compatible with the model of a state that realizes its sovereignty within the framework of an institution of transnational cooperation.
3
Content available The Idea Of The Common Good
75%
Łatka R.
Studia Theologica Varsaviensia
|
2018
|
tom 56
|
nr 2
69-85
EN
The notions of common good and the reason of state were always present, usually in a joint way, in the teachings of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. They came to the foreground, especially in the periods of post-war crises in Poland, moments of growing social tension. Despite the fact that the primate did not want to be a politician, because the main sphere of his activity was concern for the souls of Poles, he became a statesman, for whom the welfare of Poland and Poles was the primary task. This was largely due to the primate’s concern for the broadly understood common good – Poland as a subject of common concern for all members of society, regardless of their views. Most importantly, Cardinal Wyszyński was able to look at the political situation without ideological bias or obstinancy. If he believed that communists somehow work for the common good and care about the fate of society, he supported their activity (an example of this could be the fight against social pathologies – especially alcoholism).   
4
Content available Remarks About Targeted Killing in the Light of Public International Law
71%
Łaski P.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2020
|
tom 11
59-66
EN
The premises concerning the use of force are currently changing, as are the goals and methods, which entails that appropriate adaptation and interpretation of international legal norms is required in the context of new threats and methods of combating them. This constitutes a significant problem, especially in the event of extraordinary circumstances that are to justify the use of unilateral measures without the consent of the UN Security Council. This encompasses, inter alia, the issue of targeted killing, i.e. eliminating in the territory of another state, while not operating against such a state, on the order of a specific government, a specific person responsible for the illegal use of force, if other methods of apprehending the perpetrator are unrealistic. This makes such a method, in a given circumstance, a legal form of combat, as long as the criterion of necessity and proportionality is taken into account.
5
Content available Racja stanu Polski w cyberprzestrzeni i cyberbezpieczeństwie
63%
Lewandowski P.
De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności
|
2022
|
nr 1(8)
125-142
PL
Artykuł ma za zadanie rozpocząć dyskusję nad problemem polskiej racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni. Dlatego założeniem pracy jest odniesienie się do dokumentów strategicznych i wypracowanie na ich podstawie warunków brzegowych dla weryfikacji pojęcia racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni. Praca dostarcza dwa elementy naukowe. Pierwszym z nich jest propozycja pomiaru na wysokim szczeblu ogólności racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni przy użyciu narzędzi wywodzących się z realizmu i konstruktywizmu. Drugi to weryfikacja możliwości aplikacji owego narzędzia w stosunku do dokumentów o znaczeniu strategicznym oraz określenie jakościowej racji stanu na zaproponowanym modelu badawczym. Tekst otwiera metodyczne rozważania nad budowa narzędzi do badania racji stanu Polski w obszarze cyberprzestrzeni. Artykuł wskazuje na sekurytyzację jako główny czynnik rozpatrywania racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni w Polsce połączony z właściwością działań defensywnych.
EN
The aim of the article is to start a discussion on the problem of the Polish reason of state in cyberspace. Therefore the assumption of the work is to refer to strategic documents and to work out on their basis the boundary conditions for the verification of the notion of the reason of state in cyberspace. The work provides two scientific elements. The first one is a proposal to measure at a high level of generality the reason of state in cyberspace using tools derived from realism and constructivism. The second is the verification of the applicability of this tool to documents of strategic importance and the determination of a qualitative reason of state on the proposed research model. The text opens with a methodical consideration of the construction of tools for researching Poland’s reason of state in the area of cyberspace. The article points to securitization as the main factor for considering Poland’s reason of state in cyberspace combined with the property of defensive actions.
6
Content available remote Bezpieczeństwo Polski w zmieniającej się Europie
44%
Łastawski K.
|
1999
|
tom nr 2
159--169
7
Content available remote Strategia bezpieczeństwa państwa : problemy teorii
38%
Otłowski M. J.
Wiedza Obronna
|
2000
|
tom nr 4
22--40
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