Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

100%

Štefanides J.

Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)

|

2013

|

tom 16

|

nr 1

6-18

EN

This article points out the necessity to research theatrical life in Moravia separately while its development until 1918 differed enormously from that in Bohemia and Silesia, as the author claims. The research has to go much further than understanding theatre history as a picture of isolated national cultures. The multicultural aspect of theatrical life has to be respected, considering the fact that the German-speaking productions predominated in this region until 1918. Lacking its own cultural centre, Moravia became the place of transition in which various forms of European theatre collided and coexisted.

2

THE QUESTION “WHY?” AS THE FOUNDATION FOR KNOWLEDGE OF CAUSES IN ARISTOTLE

80%

Gondek P.

Studia Gilsoniana

|

2013

|

tom 2

91-105

EN

According to Aristotle, philosophical knowledge consists in the discovery of the first causes that occur in reality. For this reason, the quantitative and essential analysis of the causes was the fundamental task for philosophical reflections. Aristotle considered it a priority to show the ways the causes are discerned in the aspect of questions that occur in the cognitive process. The question “why” is the question that Aristotle regarded as fundamental for the acquisition of philosophical knowledge. The phenomenon of this question is revealed when we indicate that it corresponds to the causes that occur in reality. The causes discerned in this way become the foundation for building the method of causal knowledge.

3

Some remarks concerning virtuality

80%

Latawiec A.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

|

2020

|

tom 56

|

nr S2

81-94

EN

The development of computer sciences has transformed the way of thinking and our perception of the world. To express this new view of the world, a new language is created, which uses such notions as “virtuality”, “virtual world”, “virtual reality”. These words have already worked in our colloquial speech and our thinking. However, they are used in various contexts and have a different meaning. The paper offers some remarks on the problem of the meaning of these notions and draws some consequences of their interpretation.

4

Przystanek Miłosz

80%

Gutorow J.

|

nr 25

102-120

EN

This paper undertakes a critical examination of Czesław Miłosz’s negative responses to contemporary art in general, and American modernist poetry in particular. It focuses on Miłosz’s interpretations of Cézanne’s statements and Wallace Stevens’s poems, and concludes that the Polish poet’s inability and unwillingness to appreciate contemporary art results from his recognition and approval of mimetic representation as the only strategy which guarantees rationality, certainty, a sense of metaphysical hierarchy and which is informed by them. Quoted are Miłosz’s somewhat angry reactions to the concepts of abstract, non-fi gurative art as well as his words of admiration for the representational moment apparently inherent in both poetry and painting. Parenthetically, the paper points to Miłosz’s repressed feelings of existential and epistemological ambivalence, arguably the most valuable aspect of his work.

5

Racjonalność a wiara w Boga

80%

Spaemann R.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

|

2009

|

nr 23

277-292

EN

Starting with his own modification of Plato’s allegory of the cave the author explains the notion of creation, which does not mean a single initiating event but the grounding of the entire process of the world in a creative will that lies outside of this process. Faith in God is faith in a reason for the world, which is not itself groundless, as the scientific worldview holds. When we think the concept „God”, we think the unity of two predicates that are only occasionally and never necessarily bound together in our earthly experience of the world: the unity of absolute power and absolute goodness, i.e. the unity of being and meaning. After Nietzsche we can no longer rest the proofs for the existence of God on the human capacity for truth, for its foundation is sure only if we presuppose the existence of God. However, there is a grammar based proof that is Nietzscheresistant. The rationale of the futurum exactum, the future perfect tense, shows that the reality of the present entails the reality of the past. The question is: What sort of reality does the past have? The sole answer can be: We have to think of a consciousness in which everything that happens is taken up, an absolute consciousness.

6

The will to live and man’s responsibility according to Etty Hillesum and Victor Frankl

80%

Mizdrak I.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

|

2017

|

tom 7

|

nr 1

PL

Bauman Z., Nowoczesność i zagłada, Warszawa 1992.Bauman Z., Płynna nowoczesność, Kraków 2006.Bauman Z., Ponowoczesność jako źródło cierpień, Warszawa 2000.Bèriault Y., Etty Hillesum. Świadek Boga w otchłani zła, Warszawa 2011.Frankl V., Bóg ukryty. W poszukiwaniu ostatecznego sensu, Wyd. Czarna Owca, Warszawa 2015.Frankl V., Człowiek w poszukiwaniu sensu, Wyd. Czarna Owca, Warszawa 2015.Gadacz T., Kryzys „europejskiego człowieczeństwa” [La crisi dell’ “umanità europea”], http://www.iumw.pl/kryzys‑europejskiego‑czlowieczenstwa.html (13.07.2016).Grygiel S., Jestem, więc modlę się, Poznań 2011.Hillesum E., Myślące serce. Listy, Wyd. WAM, Kraków 2002.Hillesum E., Przerwane życie. Pamiętnik 1941–1943, Wyd. WAM, Kraków 2013.Szmyd J., Moralność w ponowoczesnym świecie – kryzys i nadzieja, “Res Humana” n. 2 (2008), http://www.kulturaswiecka.pl/node/125 (13.07.2016).Tylor Ch., Źródła podmiotowości. Narodziny tożsamości nowoczesnej, Warszawa 2012.

EN

The quest for and the discovery of the meaning of life, so basic to human existence, play a fundamental role in the process of self‑discovery, that is, in the examination of our own identity, subjectivity and the “self”. Underlying this quest are not merely vague approximations to what man is, but clear fundamental dimensions of humanity: freedom and responsibility.Etty Hillesum and Victor Frankl, take different perspectives on the meaning of life of a person who experiences himself, the world, others and God in the face of war and extreme circumstances (Etty perished in Auschwitz, Frankl survived the concentration camps). However, they both point to the universal trait of the utmost engagement of the will and the assumption of responsibility for one’s life, despite the inevitability of death and the prevalent “cultural hibernation”.In both analyses, freedom appears as a response to reality, to the here and now. That response, as such, means taking responsibility for reality and its shape. Hence it an important question to ask would be what it means to take control of one’s destiny. Is it an obligation, a task, life’s demand, or perhaps just submission to what life may bring? Freedom, which is constantly threatened, must fight for itself. This happens owing to the will to live, which first evokes meaning and then the obligation of taking responsibility for oneself, for others, and even for God himself.

7

Literatura i rzeczywistość (wprowadzenie)

80%

Gabryś-Sławińska M. , González Groba C.

|

nr 1

8

Moc sterowania matematycznego

71%

Janusz R.

Semina Scientiarum

|

2011

|

tom 10

EN

One can speak about mathematics too simplistically. On the one hand, school programs are such examples. On the other hand, the function of mathematics in elementary physics very much indicates the profound philosophical significance of mathematics: the author claims that mathematical language is a kind of command language, i.e. it is not just a description, but a control which has a specific power (lat. virtus) to manage the reality. This language has its proper hierarchy and structures which humans only are just starting to understand and to use in basic ways, not without errors. Therefore some ethics regarding human mathematical thinking are needed: the affirmation of life.

9

Bridging the Gulf between Wittgenstein's Works: A Matter of Showing

70%

Sultana M.

Forum Philosophicum

|

2007

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

207-225

EN

In this paper, I take three snapshots of Wittgenstein's philosophical work in order to jot a few notes on the issue of the continuity in his philosophy. I use Wittgenstein's distinction between what can be 'said' and what can only be “shown” in order to highlight Wittgenstein's continual insistence that our basic relation with reality is seamless. I propose that Wittgenstein holds, throughout his philosophical career, that our thinking does not stop short of the world. In brief, I suggest that Wittgenstein would note that our natural history is largely what the mediaevals would call second nature.

10

ИСТИНА И ВЫМЫСЕЛ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ МИХАИЛА ВРУБЕЛЯ КИЕВСКОГО ПЕРИОДА

70%

Лагутенко О.

|

2016

|

tom 10

|

nr -

517-528

RU

The statement of Vrubel "Truth is in the beauty" has become a key in his creativity. The interweaving of canonicity and subjectivity, religiosity and individualism, ancient and modern, reality and fiction is indicative in the works of the artist and in the memoirs of contemporaries about him.

11

CИМУЛЯЦИЯ

70%

Сенкевич В.

|

2016

|

tom 10

|

nr -

447-476

RU

The adverse effects of simulation on the phenomenal reality of a principal cultural institution - the language are viewed here. Bid to identify and put into shape everything captures anything and everything that has no nature and is understood as things existent. Speculative substitutions of a live "here is"-reality for its significant and indicative alternative lead to the validation of a reality that is not involved in existence.

12

Iunctim. An Essay on Alicja Kuczyńska’s Thought

70%

Schollenberger P.

|

nr 1

253-261

EN

In this essay, I trace different motives in Alicja Kuczyńska’s thought that are linked together in her philosophy of image. According to Kuczyńska, the creative power of forming artistic images is deeply rooted in existential experience that can be described in terms of finitude, fragmentality, evanescence. The desire to find a way out of such a state is the origin of philosophical as well as artistic creation. It is hope which joins together the individual wish or desire and culture. Hope can be treated as yearning for indeterminacy that is characteristic of existence, as longing for the state of lost totality.

13

Is reality really real or is it just a colorful rainbow of sensations that we perceive as being real?

70%

Istrate V.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

|

2020

|

tom 13

105-120

EN

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the methods which are used to mislead the public perception towards reality. I will discuss and try to determine the nature of the relationship between the language we use and the reality we create through words. The close examination of words, the correlation of different advised opinions and the study of particular aspects in language will become dominant features in this study. The linguistic relativity or the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has as a primary concern the fact that the spoken language has an important and immediate impact upon the speaker.

14

Universes and simulations: Civilizational development in nested embedding

70%

Komosinski M.

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 43, No. 3

181--205

EN

The rapid development of technology has allowed computer simulations to become routinely used in an increasing number of fields of science. These simulations become more and more realistic, and their energetic efficiency grows due to progress in computer hardware and software. As humans merge with machines via implants, brain-computer interfaces and increased activity involving information instead of material objects, philosophical concepts and theoretical considerations on the nature of reality are beginning to concern practical, working models and testable virtual environments. This article discusses how simulation is understood and employed in computer science today, how software, hardware and the physical universe unify, how simulated realities are embedded one in another, how complicated it can get in application, practical scenarios, and the possible consequences of these situations. A number of basic properties of universes and simulations in such multiply nested structures are reviewed, and the relationship of these properties with a level of civilizational development is explored.

15

Indexicality or Technological Intermediate? Moving Image Representation, Materiality, and the Real

70%

Verdon J.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies

|

2016

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

191-209

EN

Drawing on the application of C. S. Peirce’s notion of indexicality, this paper argues that iterative imaging technologies modulate the manner in which moving images represent reality and determine how they are traced back to that referent. Rather than subscribing to the canonical divergence between analogue and digital technologies, the paper argues that current moving image theories do not sufficiently acknowledge the granularity of technology when describing indexical relationships between moving images and the reality they represent. Despite a shared use of analogue technologies, film’s technique of fixing a full frame of movement to a momentarily static strip of light-sensitive celluloid or Mylar is profoundly different from analogue video’s parsing of the image frame to its constituent parts and then recording this signal to continuously moving tape or broadcasting the resulting images. These are particularities of technique and technology, not easily ranked in terms of verisimilitude. The paper concludes that despite a widely accepted indexical analogue/digital divide, the indexical status of analogue video is no different to that of digital video images because both consist of discrete and non-continuous picture elements.

16

ON JEST. Metafizyka a język. Parmenides - Wittgenstein - Barańczak

70%

Wiertlewska M.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

|

2008

|

nr 22

235-251

EN

The aim o f this article is to look from an existential point of view at the metaphysical argument from language to reality. The main questions are as follows: does language reflect the structure of reality? or is it rather a tool that enables us to perform certain actions, like the action of proving a thesis? and can we, by investigating the nature of language arrive at truths about extralinguistic reality? Those issues are taken up with respect to insights gained by Parmenides, Wittengenstein and Barańczak, a contemporary Polish poet and translator. For Parmenides language is not an autonomous domain but is conjugated with external reality, so by discovering the rules that govern the attribution of meaning to linguistic utterances we can reach beyond phenomena towards the nature of the world as such. Contradictory statements are then seen to result from the aspectuality of particular accounts, whereas in being conceived in its entirety there is no self-contradiction but only degrees of properties. Parmenidean metaphysics is of interest to us here in connection with his concept of the relationship between a word and its referent, whereby it is possible to infer the essence of the thing picked out by a word from the established rules of its correct usage. Ludwig Wittgenstein is a philosopher whose impact on thinking about the metaphysical consequences of language is not to be overlooked. His position concerning the very possibility of metaphysical claims splits into two standpoints, expressed in his two basic works: Tractatus logico- philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations. Tractatus is Parmenidean in its presupposed isomorphism between the structure of language and the world, as well as in assuming that the substance of the world determines the logical space of all possibilities and that it is eternal and unchangeable. On the other hand, however, we do not have an access to the comprehensive state of things denoted as «the world» in its material mode, and therefore we have no basis for deciding which metaphysical statements are its true formal representations. That is why on the level of logic people can arrive at mutually exclusive metaphysical claims, as shown by Plato in the ending of his Parmenides. In Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein considers, among others, the role of prototypes in the process o f transmitting/learning the meaning of words whereby the objects of experience can be categorized. He also reflects on language as an act governed by autonomous rules which are accepted by users, a theory which he called language games. What underlies both these issues is the question of an element o f identity between language and extralingustic reality. The answer that this element consists in the logical form of an utterance whereby reality is supposed to be mapped by a sentence becomes problematic in the light o f the discovery o f the ambiguity of an image when it is placed in two different contexts that contain different prototypes of reference for the sign under consideration. In reading a particular notation as a mapping of a specific state of things, one’s knowledge of the rules of notation plays an important role as it enables one to recognize the content that one already knows. The rules that impose interpretation on reality constitute a broadly understood grammar. They are autonomous relative to reality so when we utter a sentence the words obtain their meaning depending on how they are used. This does not translate into a referentially understood meaning, because what turns out to be important is the sense of the word, i.e. the way in which it is used by the speaker. Self-aware poetry seeks sense in links between the word and the world, not just within the domain of language itself. Conscious of grammatical rules, it employs them as a tool in overcoming the autonomy of language. This approach is analyzed on the example of an essay on the essence of poetry titled Tablica z Macondo [The Macondo License Plate] by Stanisław Barańczak. He talks in it about a personalized license plate he would devise for himself in order not to forget the most vital truth that enables him to navigate his life. Such a plate would read in Polish ON JEST [HE IS], where - owing to the specificity of the Polish grammar - the third person masculine singular pronoun can stand for the reader (or more generally “the other”), the world, and God (or transcendence). The intended ambiguity of this pronoun makes us realize that although pronouns are substitutes for the noun phrase in a sentence, they are in fact a sort of mental abbreviations that encapsulate more abundant content than a mere 1:1 correspondence with a single noun. Of the two basic functions of pronouns in interpersonal communication: anaphoric and deictic, the latter proves to be more basic as it introduces new objects into the universe of discourse shared by the participants of a conversation. One cannot speak about the meaning o f the pronoun «he», but about the sense in which it is used, and this sense pertains to extralinguistic reality indicated directly by the speaker. The sentence HE IS does not tell us anything about reality unless reality itself is included into the utterance as one of its constituent elements. The triple encounter (the other, the world, transcendence) spelled out by Barańczak in terms of an inclusive unity of experience represented by a single sentence is a manifestation of the metaphysical.

17

Beyond the realism of mainstream economic theory. Phenomenology in economics

70%

Galbács P.

|

2016

|

tom 2(16)

|

nr 4

3-24

EN

In this paper some special features of phenomenology which enable them to be a possible ground for a research program in economics, complementing previous mainstream results, are reviewed. The potential fruits and their importance will also be highlighted. The direct purpose is to study what scientific problems have been hidden beyond the territory of mainstream economics and what scientific methods are available for economists to scrutinize an area mainly ignored, that is, the unquestioned aspects of our socio-economic reality. Along these lines we can get to findings that can complement the traditional research directions of mainstream economics. In this paper some special features of phenomenology which enable them to be a possible ground for a research program in economics, complementing previous mainstream results, are reviewed. The potential fruits and their importance will also be highlighted. The direct purpose is to study what scientific problems have been hidden beyond the territory of mainstream economics and what scientific methods are available for economists to scrutinize an area mainly ignored, that is, the unquestioned aspects of our socio-economic reality. Along these lines we can get to findings that can complement the traditional research directions of mainstream economics.

18

NETWORK MONEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

70%

Partycki S. , Filipek K.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

|

2012

|

nr 1

91-107

EN

Tracing back the long history of money, we can identify crucial stages in its evolutionary development. Content of money has been structured by the process of civilizational change and growth. Money participated in every phenomenon characterizing humanity, social experience and social actions. It links individuals and groups, local, regional and global communities dispersed all over the world. Money ignores boundaries dividing reality and virtuality. It releases extreme emotions and behaviours e.g. jealousy, fear, love, desire, struggle, swank or extravagance. On the one hand, money is often considered as a significant power dynamizing the modern societies. On the other hand, its form and content is perceived as a consequence of complex social processes triggered by technological, political or cultural trends appearing in modern societies. Global financial crisis heavily struck the European economies. In the network world made of different scale entities tied together into global organism, financial disease spreads immediately and affects all actors involved in the global exchange of material and non-material goods. Problems of sub-prime market in US were instantly transmitted to Europe and other parts of the world belonging to the global financial organism. The impact of global financial crisis has been very visible in the European Union. EU legislators failed to prevent or contain the financial crisis. As a consequence some EU economies fell into fiscal troubles boiling up the socio-political atmosphere in Europe and other parts of the world. European fiscal problems caused by the network money diffusion froze the pace of social, cultural but also political (the view from below) integration. Utter concentration on the financial issues limited the ability of the lower level actor e.g. self-governments, NGOs, citizens to act in order to reinforce the EU institutions and its horizontal policies. In order to understand and tackle sources and consequences of global and regional crises it is necessary to reconstruct social theories describing the modern world.

19

Osobnienie

70%

Siwczyk K.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

|

2019

|

nr 36

31-39

EN

The article aims to outline the presence of a metaphysical perspective in Stanisław Barańczak’s poems which is already present in the poet’s earliest works. Barańczak outlines this process in his debut collection. His translation achievements support the presence of a metaphysical perspective in his original poems, and the mutual dependence of his poetry writing and translation can already be clearly felt in his initial works. The article compares the views of poets from generations younger than Barańczak’s and their reactions to the work of the author of A Postcard from the Other World (Widokówka z tego świata).

20

Krytyka teorii wielości rzeczywistości Leona Chwistka przez Romana Ingardena. Analiza z perspektywy interpretacji logicznej

60%

Bednarz G.

|

tom 47

|

nr 3-4

39-50

EN

The aim of the article is to show how one can avoid Ingarden’s criticism of Chwistek’s theory by assuming its logical interpretation, the author of which is Teresa Kostyrko. I am arguing that there is no common domain of the four realities which Chwistek distinguished. This aim is achieved by means of a critical analysis of Ingarden's objections to Chwistek’s theory of plurality of realities.