Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Selected problems of real driving emissions measurement

100%

Merkisz J. , Pielecha J.

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tom Vol. 24, No. 3

189--196

EN

The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars. Real Driving Emissions procedures have been introduced in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/427. Currently, quantitative RDE requirements have been established to limit emissions from exhaust systems in all operating conditions in accordance with the road emission limits set out in Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007. Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a number of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring segments, their overall test timeshare, and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A mobile device for reading the EOBD System information was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. The obtained results were then analysed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. Despite the same research route, the obtained results were not the same. The analysis also uses the two-dimensional operating time-share characteristics expressed in vehicle velocity and acceleration co-ordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare the dynamic properties, share of operating time and, consequently, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their practicability and emission values.

2

Analiza ekologiczna samochodów osobowych z silnikami benzynowymi i Diesla podczas drogowych testów emisyjnych

75%

Pielecha J. , Merkisz J. , Jasiński R. , Stojecki A.

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tom nr 4

823--835, CD1

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, przeprowadzonych w warunkach rzeczywistego ruchu pojazdu na terenie górskim, uwzględniając przy tym informacje związane z charakterystyką topograficzną terenu. Obiektem badań były pojazdy typu SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) z silnikiem ZI i ZS spełniające normę emisyjności Euro 5. Wykorzystując mobilny system pomiarów związków szkodliwych dokonano pomiaru natężenia emisji zanieczyszczeń. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły istotne zmiany w emisji poszczególnych związków szkodliwych spalin wraz ze zmianą kąta nachylenia terenu. We wszystkich rozpatrywanych przypadkach stwierdzono, że zwiększaniu się nachylenia drogi towarzyszy wzrost emisji drogowej szkodliwych składników spalin, jednakże wzrost ten jest inny dla różnych zanieczyszczeń.

EN

This article presents the results of research carried out under real motion of the vehicle in the mountainous terrain, taking into account information related to the topography of the area. The object of the research was an SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) with Gasoline and Diesel engine (Euro 5 emission standard). Using portable measurement system, were measured exhaust emissions. The results confirmed significant changes in the emission of harmful individual compounds of exhaust with the change of the angle of the terrain. In all cases examined, it was found that increasing the slope of the road is accompanied by an increase in emission of all harmful exhaust gases; however, this increase is different for different pollutants.

3

Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests

63%

Pielecha J. , Skobiej K.

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2020

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tom Vol. 56, iss. 4

33--46

EN

New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional rela-tionships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust components). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.

4

Determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emission based on road tests

51%

Merkisz J. , Rymaniak Ł.

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tom R. 56, nr 3

66--72

EN

The article discusses the possibility of determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emissions. These are called toxicity indicators because they concern the compounds: CO, THC and NOx. Three Euro V compliant vehicles with different propulsion systems types were used for the study: a 0.9 dm3 urban passenger car with a SI engine and a start-stop system, a 2.5 dm3 off-road vehicle with a CI engine, and a city bus with a hybrid drive system in series configuration and a CI engine with a displacement of 6.7 dm3. Measurements were made in actual operating conditions in the Poznan agglomeration using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The paper presents the characteristics of the operating time shares of vehicles and propulsion systems as well as CO2 emissions depending on the engine load and crankshaft rotational speed for individual vehicles. The determined toxicity indicators allowed to indicate their usefulness, to make comparisons between tested vehicles, and to identify directions for further work on the application and interpretation of these indicators.