Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Limits of Rationalist Explanations for the Development of International Security Institutions

100%

Drgas M. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Urbański D. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J. , Bryc A. , Bojarczyk B. , Jorgensen F. A. E. , Niedziołka D. , Pacześniak A. , Potorski R. , Wincławska M. , Włodkowska-Bagan A. , Jeran A. , Mol A. , Solsbery A. , Dąbrowska I. , Głodkowski M. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

|

2013

|

nr 2 (5)

PL

In this article I argue that rationalist explanations which aspire to demonstrate why international security institutions develop, do not qualify as fully satisfactory arguments. Their limits become apparent particularly if one attempts to account on their basis for the diversity of types of institutions such as balance of power, collective security, hegemony, etc.The initial step in my analysis was to address the limitations of the three arguments which I referred to as materialist, functionalist, and evolutionist that individually make up either whole rationalist conceptions on the development of international security institutions or parts of them. Having done so, I also examined the possibilities to combine these arguments to explore whether the effort yields any extra explanatory power.The main reasons for why these explanations and their combinations fail to convincingly account for the diversity of international security institutions are threefold. First, the functionalist, evolutionist, and the functionalist-evolutionist arguments do not attempt to address the issue directly and provide only a general assertion on the factors influencing the formation of institutions instead of tackling the problem with respect to their particular types. Second, the materialist argument advances a logic of state action that justifies the creation of certain types of institutions and, at the same time, rules out the development of others. Third, it proves also incompatible with the other two arguments. The implication of this is that states would have to choose between mutually exclusive logics of action and, thus, behave in a way for which none of the arguments provides any explanation.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14760

2

Dokąd zmierza cywilizacja zachodnia? Esej

100%

Golka M.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2017

|

nr 4(365)

7-23

EN

The article aims at reflecting on the future of Western civilization, whose identity is determined primarilyby two values: rationalism and the pursuit of social emancipation. The question is whether the success of this civilization, and above all its 500 year-old world domination, will continue. It seems that long-term forecasts can be formulated only in the form of assumptions. One can only predict several potential scenarios: a successful continuation of this civilization; its gradual aging; various probable forms of hybridization; a possible, but rather unexpected, disaster.

3

Prawo i racjonalizm

100%

Łuszczyński A.

|

nr 2

EN

The article makes an attempt to analyze particular relations connecting the law and rationality. In the widely-held feeling, the law is a natural derivative of mind and such an approach is strongly placed in the history of ideas (Cicero, Saint Thomas Aquinas, and others). However, the crash of the Enlightenment project makes us reevaluate a lot of beliefs. It turns out that mind and its power in social problems is the issue of an agreement, conventions and does not resemble a mathematical equation. The author believes that a lot of foundations of a modern democracy, including legal institutions, are a kind of a contemporary myth, illusion taking the form of being seemingly reasonable.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą analizy szczególnych relacji łączących prawo i racjonalizm. W powszechnym odczuciu prawo jest naturalną pochodną rozumu i takie postrzeganie ma bardzo silne oparcie w historii idei (Cyceron, św. Tomasz z Akwinu i inni). Jednakże dziejący się na naszych oczach krach oświeceniowego projektu każe przewartościować wiele sądów. Okazuje się bowiem, że rozum i jego władza w sprawach społecznych są kwestią umowy, konwencji i niekoniecznie przypominają równanie matematyczne. Autor wyraża pogląd, że wiele z fundamentów współczesnych demokracji, również tych wyrażanych przez instytucje prawne, jest jakąś formą nowożytnego mitu, iluzji, przybierającą kształt pozornie rozumowy.

4

Критический рационализм К.Р. Поппера

100%

Михина Ф.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2012

|

nr 1

25-50

EN

According to the author, Popper’s critical rationalism can be seen as critical theory and gnoseology of human cognition. Cognition, which is not the goal, and instrument by which we can know the conditions of our lives.

5

O intelektualizacji życia, czyli o płaskim umyśle

88%

Błajet P.

Rocznik Andragogiczny

|

2008

|

tom R. 2008

29-37

EN

The article is a critical analysis of mind conception by Zbigniew Pietrasinski described in his recent book 'The Expansion of Beautiful Minds'. Intellectual approach by Pietrasinski is analyzed in the context of neurophysiology and biocybernetic knowledge and also in the context of integral perspective presented by Ken Wilber in his book 'The Marriage of Sens and Soul'. The flat 'Pietrasinski mind' is confronted with deep 'Wilber mind'.

6

Donald Gillies a modifikovaný faksifikacionismus

88%

Havlík V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2015

|

tom 63

|

nr 3, Special No: Sedmkrát z logiky a metodologie vědy

77-100

EN

Popper’s critical rationalism and especially his solution of the problem of induction, which is based on the fact that beliefs are not inferences and rejection is not induc-tive, has little orthodox followers but more critics and revisers. Many of Popper’s fol¬lowers admit that his concept is rightly criticized from various positions and they seek to further develop Popper’s legacy by adopting diﬀerent strategies and correc¬tions. Unlike the orthodox followers of Popper (e.g. David Miller) they tend to make serious changes to Popper’s conception (e.g. John Watkins, John Worrall) under the inﬂuence of Imre Lakatos and his discussions with Popper. Donald Gillies belongs to the seemingly moderate revisers of Popper’s legacy. He tries to deal with the objec¬tions raised, especially against falsiﬁcationism, and he calls his elaborate conception modiﬁed falsiﬁcationism. This article deals with the question as to what extent Gillies’ attempt is successful and how it responds to the real problems of falsiﬁcationism within contemporary debates.

7

Instytucjonalizacja relacji międzynarodowych w perspektywie wybranych teorii stosunków międzynarodowych

88%

Skolimowska A.

|

tom 45

67-82

EN

The aim of the article is to point out differences between theories of the IR (International Relations) in the process of explanation of the institutionalization of international relations. Selected theories of the International Relations were chosen that belong to the rationalist and constructivist paradigm in the International Relations studies. Since the 80s, institutionalization has been a matter of reflection of researchers. This follows from the dynamics and specificity of the contemporary international relations – quantitative growth of various forms of international institutions (international organizations, regimes, norms, or transnational actors). They start to play an increasingly important role. It is assumed that such institutions have an impact on the behavior of states in the international system. This raises the question of how to study that influence. The answer to that question is different depending on the theoretical perspective used for analyses.

8

Między codziennością a „państwem Platona”. Racjonalistyczne aspekty twórczości Łukasza Opalińskiego

87%

Raubo G.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

|

2013

|

nr 21

253-270

EN

The article specifies the role of rationalism in the work of a distinguished Baroque author, Łukasz Opaliński. The source material for the study consists of: Rozmowa Plebana z Ziemianinem (1641), Polonia defensa contra Ioan[nem] Barclaium (1648), Coś nowego (1652), Pauli Naeoceli de officiis libri tres (1659), Poeta nowy (1661–1662). Łukasz Opaliński stated that reason is the most important cognitive faculty of the human being. Reason makes it possible to understand the rules of natural law, which is the source of ethical action among humans, and brings on understanding of the eschatological aim of human life, that is salvation. The possibilities of rational explanation do not, however, encompass the mysteries of religious faith or the basic concepts of natural philosophy, such as the elements, which are the principal components of matter. Rationalism belongs to the principal ideas of Opaliński’s political philosophy. He opted for a rational organization of the state and for rational ways of solving social problems (he underscored the role of common sense, rational dialogue of citizens and rational responsibility for the common good). The political formation that is best suited for rationalization of social life is monarchy. Seeing it as a model government, the author realised that it could not be introduced in the Poland of the 17th century, and consequently, apart from the eulogy of the monarchy, he proposed improvements in gentry democracy, especially in limiting of the “golden freedom”. An important sphere of externalization of Opaliński’s rationalist ideals was his theoretical thought on literature. He critically evaluated some examples of Baroque art of conceit. He underscored the role of rational sources of creativity and rational discipline in structuring a literary work, and his postulates in this field were close to the concepts of classicist criticism.

9

The sources of rationalism in Croatia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A study of less obvious cases (physics, theology, and politics)

87%

Boguska A.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

|

2018

|

nr 15

PL

The paper is an attempt to describe the reception of the idea of rationalism in order to represent its reworking in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Croatia in three areas – physics, theology and politics. The authoress reveals how the method developed by Newton in the field of natural sciences has found an application in other disciplines of knowledge, and most of all in theology. In Croatia, this resulted in the application of the category of Kantian reason to ethical considerations. As a rationalist project in the field of politics, cameralism is indicated, an economic doctrine popular in the German and Austrian territories which was closely connected with the development of the enlightened monarchy and bureaucracy in the early modern period.

10

Fortune-telling Predictions in the Light of Faith and Reason. Religious Aspects of Informacya matematyczna by Wojciech Bystrzonowski

75%

Raubo G.

|

nr 1

150-165

EN

This article is focused on the criticism of the prophecies presented by Wojciech Bystrzonowski, an encyclopaedist and populariser of science, in his work Informacya matematyczna [Mathematical Information] (1743, 1749). The author discusses prophecies of sorcerers, physiognomy, palmistry, prophetic dreams and astrological predictions. He examines the cases of magical practices combined with religious beliefs, which he regards as dangerous manifestations of superstition. He also demonstrates that fortune-telling cannot be compatible with faith or the fundamental principles of rational reasoning. Furthermore, he emphasizes that for a critical evaluation of such predictions, the Jesuit rules for the discernment of spirits can be applied. The issues addressed in Bystrzonowski’s work are characteristic of the atmosphere of the intellectual change that took place in late Baroque and early Enlightenment.

11

Racjonalizm religijny w ujęciu Wiszowatego i Leibniza

75%

Kosiński P.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

|

2015

|

tom 29

|

nr 2

32-55

EN

The purpose of this article is to show that religious rationalism presented by Polish Socinian Andrzej Wiszowaty is different from Leibniz’s religious rationalism. At the beginning of the article the author analyzed the dispute between Wiszowaty and Leibniz about Trinity. While comparing religious and philosophical concept of Wiszowaty and Leibniz the author has proved that both philosophers presented different views related to the nature of God, perception of the truths of faith, predestination and miracles. Wiszowaty in a dispute about the Trinity represented Socinian ideas and believed the dogma of the Trinity is contrary to the reason and inconsistent with the Bible, while Leibniz defended the Christian dogma against the alleged contradictions.

12

Sabaudia - teoria Witruwiusza w kontekście miasta faszystowskiego

75%

Burdzanowska A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

|

2009

|

tom R. 106, z. 1-A

190-194

PL

W architekturze włoskiego modernizmu jedną z głównych ról odegrała sytuacja polityczna łat 30. XX wieku. Rozwijający się faszyzm tworzył racjonalny wymiar cywilizacji, społecznych zachowań i trybu życia wzorujący się na Imperium Rzymskim. Efekt ordinatio spełniał dużą rolę w wyglądzie nowych założeń. Symetryczny układy nowych miast upodabniał się do planu obozu rzymskiego a budynki w swoich detalach balkonów, wież, portyków i arkad czerpały z architektury cesarstwa.

EN

One of the main role in Italian modern architecture had political situation in '30 of XX century. Developing fascism created rational dimension of civilization, social behavior and way of life inspired by a Roman Empire. Ordinatio effect fulfilled role of new guidelines appearance. Symmetrical arrangement of the new cities became similar to the plan of roman camp and buildings in its details of balconies, towers, porticos and arcades extracted from Roman Empire.

13

Tropy. Korzenie paradygmatu poszlakowego

75%

Ginzburg C.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

|

2006

|

nr 39

8-65

PL

The circumstantial reasoning is a common and widely used way of acquiring inferences based on a very limited number of premises. This paradigm emerged as an epistemological model at the end of the 19th century but has not yet received any systematic theoretical treatment. The paradigm became famous as the 'Morelli method' utilized by the historians of art to identify the authorship of various pieces of art, paintings in particular. The method allows the identification based on the investigation of certain features that are unnoticeable to the majority of observers. The same procedure seems to be operational among hunters who are capable of reconstructing the behavior as well as the species of an animal with the help of residual traces left in the surroundings. Also, it has its importance in medicine. The trace reasoning is essentially different in its methodology from that of the contemporary natural sciences within the Galilean paradigm. The difference consists in the radical importance of an individual as an individual as opposed to common regularities in nature studied by the natural sciences. Thus the circumstantial reasoning bears distinctively anthropocentric character. The theoretical analysis of this kind of reasoning may be helpful to overcome the tension between rationalism and irrationalism.

14

La philosophie antique by Pierre Vesperini

75%

Welter B.

|

nr 4

717-723

EN

This paper is a review of Pierre Vesperini’s book: La philosophie antique. Essai d’histoire (Paris: Fayard, 2019). According to the author, Vesperini attempts to make the reader more aware and critical of our current interpretation of the ancients. He does it by showing that modernity, influenced by ancient Christianity, misinterpreted ancient philosophy, and that the latter did not slough off the “irrational,” “mystique,” or “mythique” over the centuries in favor of rationalism, but retained these elements throughout its pre-Christian history.

15

Rádl’s criticism of the Czech individualist inter-war philosophy

75%

Potoček J.

|

nr Special_Issue_1

41-56

EN

A significant share of the “struggles” that took place within Czechoslovak inter-war philosophy lay in criticism raised by Emanuel Rádl, the representative of the realistic approach, against the adherents of individualism or the younger philosophical generation surrounding the magazine Ruch filosofický. From a philosophical and methodological point of view, the core of Rádl’s critical position is philosophical realism. Rádl’s realistic stance was gradually forming and developing during the periods running up to and following the First World War, while the experience and fear of the consequences of Russian philosophy based on mysticism, intuitivism and idealism, proved to be the tipping point. Besides that, the change in his stance towards Kant’s philosophy, which consisted of highlighting the positive aspect of his rationalism, was yet another significant turnabout. From his post-war realist position, Rádl proceeded to criticise the alienation, apoliticism and amorality of the philosophy of individualism and the interest of its representatives in the philosophical approaches of irrationalism: mysticism, intuitivism and spiritualism.

16

Ewolucje idei społeczeństwa obywatelskiego i kryzys racjonalizmu

75%

Pietrzak E.

Civitas Hominibus. Rocznik filozoficzno-społeczny

|

2015

|

tom 10

79-89

EN

In the contemporary world, the Enlightenment fascination with the idea of rationalizing society is experiencing a crisis. The rational order of the world is not capable of providing modern humans with security or protecting them from anxiety. Therefore, it is worth examining the idea of civil society in the context of the crisis of rationalism. The arguments supporting this thesis are presented here in the form of a triad. The first part of the article pertains to the role of reason in shaping the idea of civil society, the second to the crisis of rationalism, and the third is devoted to the search for new ideas of civil society.

PL

We współczesnym świecie oświeceniowa fascynacja ideą racjonalizacji społeczeństwa, przeżywa kryzys. Racjonalny porządek świata nie jest bowiem w stanie zapewnić współczesnemu człowiekowi bezpieczeństwa i uchronić go przed niepokojem. Dlatego warto przyjrzeć się idei społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w kontekście kryzysu racjonalizmu. Argumenty potwierdzające tę tezę przedstawiam tutaj w formie triady. Części pierwsza artykułu odnosi się do roli rozumu w kształtowaniu idei społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, druga do kryzysu racjonalizmu, a trzecia poświęcona jest poszukiwaniom nowych idei społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.

17

Czy "gracz racjonalny" naprawdę jest racjonalny, czyli o równowadze w grach karcianych

75%

Owczarek T.

|

tom z. 45

293-304

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rozważania nad racjonalnością i ograniczoną racjonalnością w kontekście teorii gier. Udzielono odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: co oznacza pojęcie "gracz racjonalny" oraz jaki ma ono związek z potocznym rozumieniem słowa "racjonalny".

EN

In this paper rationality and bounded rationality in the context of game theory are considered. The article deals with these questions: what it means to be a "rational player" and how it is connected with our common understanding of the word "rational".

18

Wykorzystanie racjonalnych elementów tradycji arabsko-muzułmańskiej w myśli Muhammada Abida al-Dżabiriego

75%

Wach P.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

|

2015

|

nr 3-4

207-221

EN

The aim of this article is to present views on the Arab-Islamic tradition (turas) of one of the most famous contemporary Arab thinkers Muhammad Abed al-Jabiri. This Moroccan scholar was an important promoter of democracy in the Arab World. He stood out from the rest of pro-democratic thinkers in his thorough analysis of the Arab-Islamic tradition, a good understanding of which, according to him, plays a great role in the future of the Islamic world. The article discusses his deliberations on the history of Islamic philosophy. By concentrating on this subject, Al-Jabiri wanted to find evidence that rational forces had been present in Islamic legacy for a long time and should be resurrected today in order to shape public opinion towards more sceptical reading of tradition. The result of this would be the desired nahda – Arabic Renaissance and modernity. In this task he recalls the medieval philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes) whom he considers an example to be followed in matters such as the relation between religion and science, the attitude towards non-Muslim concepts and the struggle against harmful mysticism.

19

Detal „dialogiczny" w architekturze Maxa Dudlera

75%

Mielnik A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

|

2012

|

tom R. 109, z. 5-A/2

405--409

PL

Szczególne podejście do zagadnienia detalu prezentują twórcy skłaniający się ku tendencjom racjonalistycznym i minimalistycznym. W architekturze Maxa Dudlera, stanowiącej połączenie surowego szwajcarskiego minimalizmu i klasycznego racjonalizmu, subtelny detal wprowadza architekturę w związek dialogiczny, w przestrzeń, w której spotykają się dwie wartości - historii i współczesności.

EN

Creators leaning toward rationalist and minimalist tendencies represent specific approach to the problem of detail. In architecture of Max Dudler, a combination of raw Swiss minimalism and classical rationalism, it is a subtle detail that introduces a dialogical relationship, in the space where two values meet - past and present.

20

Elementary architecture – between rationalism and poetic of form

75%

Charciarek M.

Technical Transactions

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 12(114)

5--14

EN

The purpose of the article is to define the range of academic-didactic subject practiced in The Chair of Elementary Architecture of WAPK, known as Elementary Architecture – Between Rationalism and Poetic of Form. The wide academic range, as well as the aim of the research, allow only to present several aspects of defining contemporary architectural space. They aim to establish the origins, sources of architectural ideas in broad reference to structural rationalism and resulting from it poetic of form.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą określenia zakresu tematyki naukowo-dydaktycznej uprawianej w Pracowni Architektury Elementarnej WA PK pod nazwą Architektura Elementarna – pomiędzy racjonalizmem a poetyką formy. Szeroki zakres badawczy i cel poszukiwań pozwalają jedynie na poruszenie niektórych aspektów definiowania współczesnych przestrzeni architektonicznej, których sensem jest ustanownie źródła idei architektonicznej w szerokich odniesieniach do strukturalnego racjonalizmu i z niego wynikającej poetyki formy architektonicznej.