Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A radiographic facility at the Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (SINS) at Świerk, Poland

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Bigolas J. , Drabik W. , Pławski E. , Wysocka-Rabin A.

Nukleonika

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2006

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tom Vol. 51, nr 2

131-135

EN

This paper describes the 6 MeV linac electron accelerator facility now operating at SINS, Świerk, Poland. The accelerator can work in both the electron or X-ray photon mode. The photon beam may be used for non-destructive radiographic investigations on a laboratory scale and, with some modifications, for industrial purposes, as well. As the accelerator's removable tungsten e/X converter is placed outside, the beam vacuum window, an external electron beam is also accessible. The design stages of the accelerator's construction are described, and examples of measurements and radiographic pictures are also presented.

2

A portable fast neutron radiography system for non-destructive analysis of composite materials

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Kam E. , Reyhancan I. A. , Biyik R.

Nukleonika

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, No. 3

97--101

EN

Depending on the neutron energy used, neutron radiography can be generally categorized as fast and thermal neutron radiography. Fast neutron radiography (FNR) with neutron energy more than 1 MeV opens up a new range of possibilities for a non-destructive examination when the inspected object is thick or dense. Other traditional techniques, such as X-ray, gamma ray and thermal neutron radiography, do not meet penetration capabilities of FNR in this area. Because of these distinctive features, this technique is used in different industrial applications such as security (cargo investigation for contraband such as narcotics, explosives and illicit drugs), gas/liquid fl ow and mixing and radiography and tomography of encapsulated heavy shielded low Z compound materials. The FNR images are produced directly during exposure as neutrons create recoil protons, which activate a scintillator screen, allowing images to be collected with a computer-controlled charge-coupled device camera. Finally, the picture can be saved on a computer for image processing. The aim of this research was to set up a portable FN R system and to test it for use in non-destructive testing of different composite materials. Experiments were carried out by using a fast portative neutron generator Thermo Scientific MP 320.

3

Asymptomatic radiological changes in computer tomography in children with head trauma

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Marciniak A. , Mielnik-Niedzielska G.

Otolaryngologia Polska

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2019

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tom 73(5)

5-11

EN

Introduction: Computed tomography is an important imaging technique in Emergency Units. Thanks to its popularity, radiological changes are found in healthy children more commonly. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the incidence of maxillary sinus radiological changes in children with head trauma who admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University Children Hospital in Lublin. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of computed tomography scans of children suffering from head trauma admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University Children Hospital in Lublin was carried out. A group of 425 patients was analyzed. Results: Maxillary findings were present in 81 cases (19.06%); in 38 patients (8.94%) the changes were unilateral, while in 43 (10.12%) they were bilateral. Maxillary mucosal thickening was the most common radiological abnormality, present in almost 12% of the investigated cases (approximately 62% of all revealed changes). Maxillary total opacification as an isolated finding was found in younger children only. Retention cysts and maxillary polyps were found with a similar low frequency as maxillary opacification but in elder children only. Discussion: Asymptomatic radiological changes in computed tomography scans are common. Maxillary mucosal thickening is the most frequent asymptomatic abnormality. Maxillary polyps and pseudocysts are rare in the paediatric population. Maxillary opacification suggests other more significant pathologies and requires further diagnostics. Physicians should avoid diagnosing patients with sinusitis without proper examination and based on radiological abnormalities only. Paediatric patients with revealed maxillary changes should remain under regular laryngological control.

4

Comparison of welds defects classifiers based on artificial neural networks

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Sikora R. , Chady T. , Caryk M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2009

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tom R. 85, nr 8

23-27

EN

The paper describes comparison of two weld defect's classifiers based on artificial neural networks. First model consists of one neural network, where each output neuron corresponds to different defect group. The second model contains five neural networks. Each neural network has one neuron on output and is responsible for detection of one defects' category. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the neural networks classifiers, the mean square errors were calculated for test radiograms and compared.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę porównawczą dwóch klasyfikatorów defektów opartych na sztucznych sieciach neuronowych. Pierwszy model składa się z pojedynczej sztucznej sieci neuronowej, w której każde wyjście odpowiada jednej grupie wad. Drugi model złożony jest z pięciu sztucznych sieci neuronowych. Każda sieć neuronowa odpowiedzialna jest za wykrycie jednej grupy wad. Do oceny skuteczności działania klasyfikatorów wykorzystano średni błąd kwadratowy wyznaczony dla testowych rzeczywistych radiogramów.

5

Asymptomatic radiological changes in computer tomography in children with head trauma

100%

Marciniak A. , Mielnik-Niedzielska G.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2019

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tom 73

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nr 5

5-11

EN

Introduction: Computed tomography is an important imaging technique in Emergency Units. Thanks to its popularity, radiological changes are found in healthy children more commonly. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the incidence of maxillary sinus radiological changes in children with head trauma who admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University Children Hospital in Lublin. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of computed tomography scans of children suffering from head trauma admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University Children Hospital in Lublin was carried out. A group of 425 patients was analyzed. Results: Maxillary findings were present in 81 cases (19.06%); in 38 patients (8.94%) the changes were unilateral, while in 43 (10.12%) they were bilateral. Maxillary mucosal thickening was the most common radiological abnormality, present in almost 12% of the investigated cases (approximately 62% of all revealed changes). Maxillary total opacification as an isolated finding was found in younger children only. Retention cysts and maxillary polyps were found with a similar low frequency as maxillary opacification but in elder children only. Discussion: Asymptomatic radiological changes in computed tomography scans are common. Maxillary mucosal thickening is the most frequent asymptomatic abnormality. Maxillary polyps and pseudocysts are rare in the paediatric population. Maxillary opacification suggests other more significant pathologies and requires further diagnostics. Physicians should avoid diagnosing patients with sinusitis without proper examination and based on radiological abnormalities only. Paediatric patients with revealed maxillary changes should remain under regular laryngological control.

6

The rate of repeating X-rays in the medical centers of Jenin District/Palestine and how to reduce patient exposure to radiation

100%

Assi A.

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tom Vol. 24, Iss. 1

33--36

EN

Reduction of the patient’s received radiation dose to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) is based on recommendations of radiation protection organizations such as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and characteristics of rejected / repeated radiographic films in governmental and private centers in Jenin city. The radiological centers were chosen based on their high volume of radiographic studies. The evaluation was carried out over a period of four months. The collected data were compiled at the end of each week and entered into a computer for analysis at the end of study. Overall 5000 films (images) were performed in four months, The average repeat rate of radiographic images was 10% (500 films). Repetition rate was the same for both thoracic and abdominal images (42%). The main reason for repeating imaging was inadequate imaging quality (58.2%) and poor film processing (38%). Human error was the most likely reason necessitating the repetition of the radiographs (48 %). Infant and children groups comprised 85% of the patient population that required repetition of the radiographic studies. In conclusion, we have a higher repetition rate of imaging studies compared to the international standards (10% vs. 4-6%, respectively). This is especially noticeable in infants and children, and mainly attributed to human error in obtaining and processing images. This is an important issue that needs to be addressed on a national level due to the ill effects associated with excessive exposure to radiation especially in children, and to reduce cost of the care delivered.

7

Radiografia cyfrowa: dlaczego i w jaki sposób?

100%

Zych E.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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1998

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tom Vol. 4, nr 1

25-30

PL

Artykuł omawia krótko aktualny standard stosowany w radiografii medycznej zwracając główną uwagę na ograniczenia metody i nikle szanse na dalszą poprawę jakości obrazów czy redukcję koniecznych dawek promieniowania X. Na tym tle przedstawione zostały dwie idee zastosowania techniki cyfrowej do rejestracji obrazów rentegenowskich. Omówiono główne zalety i wady obydwu proponowanych technik.

EN

The today standard in medical radiography is shortly presented and its limitations in the image quality and the necessary radiation doses, are discussed. Further, two ideas for recording images in radiology using digital techniques are explained and their advantages and limitations are demonstrated.

8

Carpometacarpal subchondral cysts due to repetitive movements in shoemaker: A case report

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Tonini S. , Candura S. M. , Lanfranco A. , Mennoia N. V.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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tom 24

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nr 4

414-417

EN

Objectives: Subchondral carpometacarpal cysts are classic and almost pathognomonic lesions found in workers using vibrating instruments over prolonged periods of time. Materials and Methods: We present the case of a 53-year-old woman who worked for 30 years sewing shoe uppers, a task which required grasping fi rmly a pear-shaped handle awl and pushing it through the leather upper and the sole of the shoe, with combined fl exion and supination movement of the wrist. After approximately 20 years of working, the patient noted gradual onset of paresthesias in the dominant (right) hand, with increasing diffi culty in grasping the awl. Subsequent diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome was confi rmed by electrophysiologic testing and its surgical release was performed. Nevertheless, hand pain, paresthesias and weakness persisted. Results: Ultrasound of the snuffbox tendons excluded DeQuervain tenosynovitis. Radiographic imaging of the symptomatic hand showed carpometacarpal subchondral cystic formations. Conclusions: In addition to demonstrating the usefulness of radiographic imaging in patients with persistent hand pain post-carpal release, this case is important in illustrating that repetitive movements with high pressure over the palmar carpal area may cause bone cysts, even if the subjects do not use vibrating tools.

9

Zastosowanie komputerowej obróbki obrazów RTG do wyznaczania szerokości szpary stawowej w stawach międzypaliczkowych u osób z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów

75%

Bauer J. , Boerner E. , Rak M. , Podbielskam H.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2008

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tom Vol. 14, nr 1

66-72

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było zastosowanie wybranych technik obróbki obrazów i ocena ich wpływu na analizę zdjęć rentgenowskich. Przedmiotem analizy były stawy między-paliczkowe bliższe palców II, III, IV obu rąk osób zdrowych i chorujących na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów. Porównywano wyniki pomiarów szpar stawowych uzyskane przed i po filtracji komputerowej. Do obróbki wybrano trzy filtry oferowane przez program Optimas: Horizontal, Mediana i Sharpen Hi. Zwrócono uwagę, że na dokładność pomiaru szerokości szpary stawowej wpływa sposób obróbki obrazu. Udowodniono również, że u osób chorych szpary stawowe są węższe niż u osób zdrowych.

EN

The goal of the research was the evaluation of image processing methods applied for analysis of radiographic pictures. The proximal interphalangeal joints of II, III and IV finger of healthy subjects and patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were examined. The width of joint gap was measured. The image transforms offered by Optimas image processing program: Horizontal, Mediana i Sharpen Hi, were tested. The accuracy of the measurement is influenced by the applied image processing method. It was stated that healthy individuals have wider joint gaps than the ill persons.

10

Automatic segmentation of radiographic images in industrial applications

75%

Baniukiewicz P.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 60, nr 3

349-356

EN

A technology that utilizes penetrating rays is one of the oldest nondestructive testing methods. Nowadays, the process of radiogram analysis is performed by qualified human operators and automatic systems are still under development. In this work we present advanced algorithms for automatic segmentation of radiographic images of welded joints. The goal of segmentation of a radiogram is to change and simplify representation of the image into a form that is more meaningful and easier to analyse automatically. The radiogram is divided into parts containing the weld line, image quality indicators, lead characters, and possible defects. Then, each part is analysed separately by specialized algorithms within the framework of the Intelligent System for Radiogram Analysis.

11

Wheel-made pottery of the Przeworsk culture in the light of digital radiography examinations. Preliminary study of vessels from the microregion to the east of the lower Raba River

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Okońska-Bulas M. , Mikołajska A.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2022

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tom LVII

115-141

EN

The article presents the results obtained by examining wheel-made pottery with the use of digital radiography. As exemplified by selected fragments, the possibilities offered by this method of studying the production techniques applied in Przeworsk culture ceramics are presented. Vessel sherds from the younger and late Roman period from workshops located in the microregion east of the lower Raba River (sites in Strzelce Małe and Bessów) were analysed. Analysis of X-radiography images offers some insight into the features of the primary forming techniques used and the structure of the clay fabric.

12

Dobór liczby naświetlań w badaniach radiograficznych

75%

Opas A. , Pakos R.

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2017

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tom nr 1-2

31--34

EN

The article defines the importance of analyzing the number of radiographs performed in radiographic studies depending on the geometrical properties of the object and the accepted test method. Considerations were based on the minimum exposure data for one- and two-wall penetration techniques as defined in PN-ISO EN 17636-1 for pipes with a diameter of less than or greater than 100 mm. The rules for selecting the number of exposures were determined.

PL

W artykule tym określono znaczenie analizy liczby wykonanych radiogramów w badaniach radiograficznych w zależności od właściwości geometrycznych obiektu i przyjętej metody badań. Rozważania przeprowadzono w oparciu o dane dotyczące minimalnej ilości ekspozycji w technikach penetracji jednej i dwóch ścianek zawartych w normie PN- ISO EN 17636-1 dla rur o średnicy mniejszej i przekraczającej 100 mm. Określono zasady doboru liczby ekspozycji.

13

Cyfrowe systemy obrazowania w rentgenodiagnostyce. Cz. 1- Systemy obrazowania

75%

Oborska-Kumaszyńska D.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2011

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tom Vol. 17, nr 1

46-53

PL

We współczesnej radiologii nośnikiem informacji diagnostycznej jest obraz, uzyskiwany w wyniku przejścia przez ciało pacjenta i zróżnicowania intensywności wiązki promieniowania rentgenowskiego oraz przetwarzania danych zbieranych na detektorach obrazu. Obecnie dominującymi systemami obrazowania rentgenodiagnostyce są oparte na cyfrowej prezentacji obrazu diagnostycznego systemy CR (ComputeD Radiography), DR (Digital Radiography) i DDR (Direct Digital Radiography). Formalnym problemem w Polsce jest fakt, że żaden dokument legislacyjny ani zalecenia krajowe nie regulują standardów, dotyczących zakresu kontroli jakości (parametry) i metodologii pomiarowej dla tych systemów akwizycji obrazu. Takie standardy w postaci raportów pomiarowych zostały stworzone w ramach prac Komisji Europejskiej (np. draft do raportu 91), organizacji profesjonalistów np. IPEM - Wielka Brytania i AAPM - Stany Zjednoczone oraz zespoły profesjonalistów akredytowanych przy jednostkach rządowych, np. National Centre for Scientific Research, organizacji naukowej wspomaganej finansowo i znajdującej się pod merytoryczną opieką francuskiego Ministerstwa Nauki.

14

Podstawy badań stomatologicznych: zdjęcia wewnątrzustne – technika skrzydłowo-zgryzowa

75%

Malisz P. , Dubis A.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2014

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tom Vol. 3, nr 6

283--285

PL

Zdjęcie skrzydłowo-zgryzowe pozwala na obrazowanie koron zębów oraz brzegu wyrostka zębodołowego szczęki i żuchwy. Powstaje poprzez ustawienie promienia centralnego zgodnie z przebiegiem skrzydła, które zagryza pacjent.

EN

Bite-wing radiograph is the intraoral X-ray that allows imaging of tooth crowns and alveolar edge of the maxilla and mandible. It is produced by setting the central ray according to the wings that bites patient.

15

Podstawy badań stomatologicznych: zdjęcia zewnątrzustne : pantomografia

75%

Malisz P. , Urbanik A.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2014

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tom Vol. 3, nr 4

193--196

PL

Zdjęcie pantomograficzne pozwala obrazować struktury zakrzywione twarzoczaszki. Jest to zdjęcie warstwowe wyrostka zębodołowego szczęki i żuchwy powstające poprzez synchroniczny obrót wokół głowy pacjenta układu lampa rentgenowska – detektor promieniowania. Współcześnie w użyciu są zarówno aparaty pantomograficzne analogowe, jak i cyfrowe, a wśród nich aparaty pantomograficzne (obrót wokół jednej osi) i ortopantomograficzne (obrót wokół trzech osi).

EN

Pantomogram allows the imaging of curved craniofacial structures. It is a layered image of alveolar and jaw emerging through the synchronous rotation around the patient’s head of X-ray tube i.e. radiation detector. Presently there are in use both analogue and digital machine among them pantomograph (rotation around one axis) and orthopantomograph (rotation around the three axes).

16

Diaphragmatic hernia in cats: 44 cases

75%

Ozer K. , Guzel O. , Devecioglu Y. , Aksoy O.

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tom 63

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nr 12

1564-1567

EN

Diaphragmatic hernia is one of the most frequently observed injuries caused by trauma in cats. Study materials were a total of 44 cats (20 male, 24 female), at different ages (2-months-old to 2-3-years-old) from various breeds. Following direct radiography, positive-contrast radiography was also taken to confirm the diagnosis. General anesthesia was induced using 5% isoflurane inhalation. Following entubation, the anesthesia was continued using 1.5-2% isoflurane inhalation by a nonrebreathing system with a pediatric circle. When the repair was about to be completed, positive pressure was increased for treating atelectasis. The mortality rate in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia cases was found to be 6.8% at the end of the study. It was concluded in this study that the success of the surgery may be increased by effective anesthetic procedures.

17

Radiograficzne i termograwimetryczne badania pirolizy pojedynczej cząstki drewna

75%

Kaźmierski P. , Wardach-Święcicka I. , Tiutiurski P. , Kardaś D.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2017

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tom Nr 6

202--204

PL

Opisano proces pirolizy pojedynczej cząstki drewna. Za pomocą termograwimetrii, badań w piecu wysokotemperaturowym oraz metod radiograficznych przeprowadzono analizę procesu pirolizy. Analizowano szybkość dekompozycji termicznej i jej stopień w funkcji czasu. Badano poddane pojedyncze próbki w formie sosnowych sześcianów o boku 18 mm. Analiza termograwimetryczna mająca na celu wyznaczenie przedziałów, w jakich zachodzi proces, poprzedziła badania wykonane w piecu wysokotemperaturowym. Próbki po eksperymentach zostały poddane badaniom radiograficznym celem zobrazowania zmian gęstości drewna w funkcji czasu. Na zdjęciach zaobserwowano, iż piroliza zachodzi od naroży próbki, a następnie pozostaje tylko niespirolizowany rdzeń w środku próbki. Badania potwierdziły duże możliwości radiografii w ocenie pirolizy.

EN

Pyrolysis process of a single wood particie is described in the paper. Thermogravimetric and radiography techniques and pyrolysis in a high-temperature kiln were applied in the experiments. The thermal decomposition rate as a function of time was analyzed. Pine cubes with a side of 18 mm were used as samples. High-temperature kiln tests were preceded by thermogravimetric analysis aiming to determine temperature ranges in which the process took place. The samples after tests were analyzed using radiographic methods to visualize the changes in wood density as a function of time. It was observed on the photographs that pyrolysis started from sample corners, while only a core in the center of samples remained unchanged. Radiography experiments have a big potential in pyrolysis research.

18

Comparison of selected weld defects extraction methods

75%

Sikora R. , Chady T. , Baniukiewicz P. , Łopato P. , Caryk M. , Świadek K. , Ruciński W.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2007

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tom R. 83, nr 11

181-183

EN

Following paper describes three different methods used for detection of welds defects. Those are Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and background removing. They operate on digital radiographs. Detection methods described here are differentiated by the time consumption and results achieved.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje trzy różne metody stosowane w procesie detekcji wad w spawach wykorzystujące: sztuczne sieci neuronowe, logikę rozmytą oraz metodę pośrednią (usuwanie tła spawu). Wszystkie one operują na cyfrowych radiogramach. Prezentowane metody różnią się czasem działania i uzyskanymi wynikami.

19

Artefakty w radiografii

75%

Brandt Ł. , Borkowska E. , Herman-Sucharska I.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2020

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tom Vol. 9, nr 5

335--342

PL

W dobie dzisiejszych aparatów rentgenowskich wykonanie idealnego zdjęcia radiologicznego może wydawać się prostym zadaniem. Jednak nawet najbardziej doświadczeni technicy elektroradiologii pracownicy w swojej praktyce spotykają problem artefaktów na obrazach. Ich wystąpienie niejednokrotnie utrudnia lub uniemożliwia postawienie właściwej diagnozy, przez co badania takie muszą być powtarzane, prowadząc do zwiększenia narażenia pacjenta na promieniowanie jonizujące. Znajomość charakterystycznych cech poszczególnych typów artefaktów oraz źródeł ich powstawania jest kluczem do uzyskania poprawnych, diagnostycznych obrazów.

EN

In the age of today’s X-ray machines, taking the perfect image may seem like a simple task. However, even the most experienced radiogrphers face the problem of artifacts in the X-ray images in their practice. Their occurrence often makes it difficult or impossible to make a proper diagnosis, therefore such tests must be repeated, leading to an increased patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation. Knowing the characteristic features of types of artifacts and the sources of their formation is the key to obtaining correct, diagnostic images.

20

The use of radiography for measurements of the medullary cavity in the metacarpal bone in the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus for assessment of ontogenetic quality - preliminary study

63%

Czyzowski P. , Okrasa A. , Beeger S. , Karpinski M.

Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego

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2021

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tom 17

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nr 4