Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Comparison of the radiocarbon dating methods used in the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory

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Pazdur A. , Michczyński A. , Pawlyta J. , Spahiu P.

Geochronometria

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2000

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tom Vol. 18

9-14

EN

In the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory the technique of gas proportional counters (GPC) filled with CO2 has been used since the beginning of the 70ties. In 1994 the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory started the operation of a liquid scintillation spectrometry system (LSC technique) which consists of a Quantulus 1220 spectrometer and two vacuum rigs for benzene production. The work on the calibration of the Quantulus 1220 for the purpose of radiocarbon dating in three different geometries was undertaken. This paper presents characteristic parameters (background and standard counting rates) of facilities working on the basis of the methods above (GPC and LSC), and a comparison of results of radiocarbon dating obtained using other GPC and LSC facilities. Assessment of the analytical accuracy and precision achieved in routine liquid scintillation counting was based on the results of 14C measurements for TIRI intercalibration samples (and other samples), and on the comparison with the results obtained with well established gas proportional counting method performed in the Gliwice Laboratory.

2

The method of combining radiocarbon dates and other information in application to study the chronologies of archaeological sites

51%

Michczyński A. , Pazdur A.

Geochronometria

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2003

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tom Vol. 22

41-46

EN

The Bayesian theorem provides mathematical base for probabilistic calibration of radiocarbon dates, but it is also a base for more sophisticated analysis - combining of probability distribution of calibrated radiocarbon dates with information from other sources – for example stratigraphic information or dates obtained by a method differ than radiocarbon dating. This paper presents three examples of using the method of combining radiocarbon and other information to study the chronologies of archaeological sites. The first example concerns the Inca State chronology and is an attempt to define the time intervals of Inca Imperial Phase and Inca Preimperial Phase accurately. The second refers to the settlement in Wolin and allows to assign the chronology to cultural layers excavated in Trench 6, Site 1 located in central part of settlement and to precise obtained results. The last example concerns South American site - Maucallcta and is a case, when application of the method does not give results because of ambiguity of stratigraphic information.

3

Dating of the grave complex in Dacharzów, Małopolska

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Taras H. , Kovaliukh N. , Skripkin V.

Geochronometria

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2002

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tom Vol. 21

157-162

EN

Radiocarbon dating has confirmed the division of the period when the grave complex in Dacharzów was used into two stages, between which there was a distinct gap. In the second stage the graves appeared in cycles, after longer breaks (100 years or more). The cemetery was used from the end of the 17th to the 10th or 10th /9th centuries BC.

4

Radiocarbon dating of the Nasca settlements Los Molinos and La Muńa in Palpa, Peru

51%

Görsdorf J. , Reindel M.

Geochronometria

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2002

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tom Vol. 21

151-156

EN

The Palpa Archaeological Project PAP investigates the relationship between the famous Nasca lines and ancient settlements in the Palpa region, in the desert of the south coast of Peru. Chronology will be fixed in absolute terms by radiocarbon dating of sites of Los Molinos and La Muńa. As a first approximation we get for the Nasca 3 culture 60-280 cal AD and for Nasca 4/5 and 5 culture 320-430 cal AD. That means the transition from Early to Middle Nasca is in the range between 280-320 cal AD.

5

Precision of 14C dating in Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory. FIRI programme

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Pazdur A. , Fogtman M. , Michczyński A. , Pawlyta J.

Geochronometria

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2003

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tom Vol. 22

27-40

EN

In this paper the precision and accuracy of radiocarbon dating in Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory on the background of intercomparision programs is discussed. Here are briefly presented results of individual comparisons between laboratories from eight countries and three international intercomparison programmes: ISC Programme (1986), TIRI Programme (1994) and FIRI Programme (1999). Moreover the short description of Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory is presented. The main stress is laid on the description of FIRI Programme – types of samples included in Programme and methods of calculation of consensus values, but first of all the participation of our Laboratory in the programme is presented: pretreatment procedures of samples, results obtained in Gliwice and statistical analysis of these results. The most important conclusion, which may be drawn from this paper, is that Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory dating results are not biased by systematic error.

6

Cretaceous aggregate and reservoir effect in dating of binding materials

51%

Michalska D. , Pazdur A. , Czernik J. , Szczepaniak M. , Żurakowska M.

Geochronometria

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2013

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tom Vol. 40, no. 1

33-41

EN

Lime mortars may contain carbon from different origins. If the mortars are made of totally burnt lime, radiocarbon dating yields the true age of building construction. The presence of carbona-ceous aggregates gives the so-called dead carbon effect, which may generate older ages. Another source of carbon is charcoal present in mortars. An attempt has been made to apply the radiocarbon method to mortars of archaeologically estimated age from the Dead Sea region. Petrographical anal-yses of these samples show the carbonaceous character of the binder and large amounts of limestone aggregate. Determination of the mineral composition of the mortars and comparison with the geology of the surrounding, allows the provenance of the raw materials to be identified. They probably repre-sent the Cretaceous rocks of the Judea Group. Separate radiocarbon dates were made on bulk mortar samples, binder, charcoal fragments and sepa-rated fractions from mortars. In the case of binder-aggregate mixture the reservoir effect correction has been applied.

7

Datowanie radiowęglowe grobów komorowych z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Sowinkach (stan. 23a) w Wielkopolsce

51%

Krzyszowski A. , Błaszczyk D.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2016

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tom 21

214-234

PL

This paper presents and discusses the results of 14C dating of two chamber graves (no. 148 and 151) from the early medieval cemetery at Sowinki, site 23A (Wielkopolska).

8

Geochronology of vegetation stages of south-east Baltic coast (Kaliningrad region) during the middle and Late Holocene

51%

Arslanov K. , Druzhinina O. , Savelieva L. , Subetto D. , Skhodnov I. , Dolukhanov P. , Kuzmin G. , Chernov S. , Maksimov F. , Kovalenkov S.

Geochronometria

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2011

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tom Vol. 38, no. 2

172-181

EN

The raised bog sediments that have been continuously accumulated over time represent the most suitable natural object which enables us to reconstruct Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation and palaeoclimates. Bog peat consists of organic carbon formed in situ. It contains moss, plant fragments and microfossils that are necessary for the study of palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate. However, a successful study of palaeoenvironment can be carried out on the basis of investigation of a great quan-tity of samples along the whole peatbog thickness. In the present paper, the authors present the results of palynological, botanical investigations and radiocarbon dating of 31 peat samples taken from the raised bog Velikoye, located in the eastern part of Kaliningrad Region. The data obtained have ena-bled us to reconstruct the palaeovegetation, reveal the evolution of the bog and determine rate of peat formation at different evolutional stages over the last 7500 cal BP.

9

Radiocarbon dating of the Bronze Age bone pins from Eurasian Steppe

51%

Shishlina N. I. , Plicht J. v. d. , Zazovskaya E. P.

Geochronometria

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2011

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tom Vol. 38, no. 2

107-115

EN

Bone catapult and hammer-headed pins played one of very specific roles in funerary offer-ings in the Bronze Age graves uncovered in the Eurasian Steppes and the North Caucasus. Scholars used different types of pins as key grave offerings for numerous chronological models. For the first time eight pins have been radiocarbon dated. 14C dating of bone pins identified the catapult type pin as the earliest one. They marked the period of the Yamnaya culture formation. Then Yamnaya popu-lation produced hammer-headed pins which became very popular in other cultural environments and spread very quickly across the Steppe and the Caucasus during 2900-2650 cal BC. But according to radiocarbon dating bone pins almost disappeared after 2600 cal BC.

10

The Beginning of the Bronze Age in South Bohemia

51%

Chvojka O. , Hlásek D.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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nr 24

54-72

EN

The paper discusses the development of settlements in the Early Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in South Bohemia. Based on the typo chronological analysis of the finds and radiocar bon dating, we have identified four phases of development within this period.The innovation signalling the transition into the Bronze Age was taken on from the Danubian region, which is shown by the spatial development of the settlement. Nevertheless, the overall cultural nature of the artefacts is mixed, which is related to the strategic location of the region, undoubtedly with an important trade route leading through the region, connecting the metallurgical centres in the eastern Alps with the dynamically developing northern parts of the European continent.

11

Issue of actual chronology of a Romanesque chapel at the Wleń castle (Lower Silesia, Poland) in the light of mortar radiocarbon dating

51%

Michniewicz J. , Nawrocka D. , Pazdur A. , Żurakowska M.

Geochronometria

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2007

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tom Vol. 26

31-33

EN

The presented work discusses results of radiocarbon dating of lime mortars sampled from walls of a Romanesque chapel at the Wleń castle. Considering a homogeneous structure of the mortars, an attempt to determine the chronology was made. Radiocarbon dating was carried out both on carbonate binders and laboratory-selected charcoals from the mortars. According to obtained data, charcoal ages are older than the age of the binders. Assuming the 12th century chronology of the chapel's erection to be correct, it was found that the applied method did not provide the result which is consistent with archaeological estimations.

12

14C dating of mortar from ruins of an early medieval church Hohenrätien GR, Switzerland

51%

Hajdas I. , Maurer M. , Röttig M. B.

Geochronometria

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2020

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tom Vol. 47, no.1

118--123

EN

Numerous ruins around the world lack the radiometric dating due to the scarcity of organic carbon. Here, we present results of radiocarbon dating of mortar samples from an early Medieval church Hohenrätien GR, Switzerland, which was dated to the early 6th century, based on typology. The method of dating mortars, which is currently applied at the ETH laboratory, involves sieving the crushed mortar, selection of grain size 45−63 µm and sequential dissolution resulting in four fractions of CO2 collected in a 3-second interval each. Two mortar samples, which were analyzed using sequential dissolution and one by dating a bulk of lime lump, resulted in a combined radiocarbon age of 1551±21 BP translating to the calendar age of 427−559 AD.

13

Dating of great fortified sett lements in the basin of upper Warta and Prosna

51%

Chochorowski J. , Janiak R. , Kovaljukh N.

Geochronometria

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2000

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tom Vol. 19

47-52

EN

Vast fortified settlements in the basin of the upper Warta and Prosna rivers (Kurów, Strobin and Wieruszów-Podzamcze) are traditionally dated to the Hallstatt D period (550-400 BC). Radiocarbon dates obtained recently for the fortified settlement at Kurów (2770š50 BP and 2620š60 BP) imply the necessity of a significant shift backward of that chronology. Most probably these fortresses correspond chronologically to the so-called "Silesian type" fortified settlements which were appearing in the Bronze Age V (traditional dating: 900-700 BC).

14

Chronologia i periodyzacja cmentarzyska z epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza w Domasławiu, pow. wrocławski, na podstawie datowania radiowęglowego

51%

Goslar T.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2019

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tom 67

31-48

EN

The article presents the results of the radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis of 14C dates of bones from the burial ground in Domasław. The Bayesian analysis used the relative chronology obtained based on the characteristic features of grave goods and the assigning of individual burials to specific periods of the late Bronze Age (II EB – V EB ) or the early Iron Age (HC – LtA). A coherent chronological model of the burial ground was accepted after assuming that graves with transitional features, attributable to two subsequent periods, could have been contemporary of graves from one or the other period. The temporal frames of particular periods calculated by the model allow us to improve previously published chronological diagrams of the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age in the region.

15

Impact of climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene on migrations and extinction of mammals in Europe : four case studies

51%

Baca M. , Nadachowski A. , Lipecki G. , Mackiewicz P. , Marciszak A. , Popović D. , Socha P. , Stefaniak K. , Wojtal P.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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tom Vol. 61, No. 2

291--304

EN

Climate changes that occurred during the Late Pleistocene had profound effects on the distribution of many plant and animal species and influenced the formation of contemporary faunas and floras of Europe. The course and mechanisms of responses of species to past climate changes are now being intensely studied by the use of direct radiocarbon dating and genetic analyses of fossil remains. Here, we review the advances in understanding these processes by the example of four mammal species: woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), cave bear (Ursus spelaeus s.l.), saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) and collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx ssp.). The cases discussed here as well as others show that migrations, range shifts and local extinctions were the main responses to climate changes and that the dynamics of these climate-driven processes were much more profound than was previously thought. Each species reacted in its individual manner, which depended on its biology and adaptation abilities to changing environmental and climatic conditions. The most severe changes in European ecosystems that affected the largest number of species took place around 33–31 ka BP, during the Last Glacial Maximum 22–19 ka BP and the Late Glacial warming 15–13 ka BP.

16

Radiocarbon-dated Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Marine Shells at Werenskioldbreen, South Spitsbergen

51%

Birkenmajer K. , Olsson I.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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1998

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tom Vol. 46, nr 1

21-34

EN

Fragmented bivalve (mainly Mya truncata) and Balanus shells were collected at 21-35 m a.s.l. from terminal/marginal moraine, and at 46-65 m a.s.l. from morainic dirt cones and eskers at Werenskioldbreen, south Spitsbergen. They yielded radiocarbon ages of 26,600 š 1400 years B.P. (Late Pleistocene = Vistulian Glaciation), and 10,660 š 220 - 10.500 š 160 years B.P. (Pleistocene/Holocene transition: Younger Dryas/Preboreal), respectively. In 1974, the source marine deposit, probably shell-bearing clays, was hidden under glacier ice. Formation of this deposit could be simultaneous with raised marine abrasion terraces at 36-40 m and 24-32 m a.s.l., respectively.

17

Uranium-series and radiocarbon dating of speleothems - methods and limitations

51%

Hercman H. , Goslar T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2002

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tom Vol. 52, nr 1

35-41

EN

^14C ages of speleothems are usually younger than the Uranium-Series ages. The difference is often explained by changes of atmospheric radiocarbon concentration in the past, and in fact, speleothems have been as a material for radiocarbon time scale calibration. However in other works large spread of data points has been obtained. Comparison with the ^14C calibration data suggests that many ^14C of speleothems ages are too young or the Uranium-Series ages too old. ^14C dates of speleothems are commonly treated with caution, because of the reservoir effect, producing an apparent age, which is usually not accurately known. However, the reservoir effect may be of minor importance when compared to contamination with younger carbon.

18

Dating of the Mierzanowice culture settlement in Jarosław, site 158, Podkarpackie province, based on the results of radiocarbon analyses

51%

Pelisiak A. , Rybicka M.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2019

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tom 14

69-79

EN

For the Mierzanowice culture from western Lesser Poland, the settlement in Iwanowice, Babia Góra site, is a chronological benchmark. A large number of datings obtained for objects from Jarosław, site 158, Podkarpackie province, provides grounds for treating that settlement as a model one in the eastern range of the Mierzanowice culture. The radiocarbon dating and ceramic design features allow them to be placed in a wide chronological frame of 2200–2000 BC

19

Radiocarbon Dating of Whale Bones from the 17th Century Whaling Sites at Gashamna, Hornsund, South Spitsbergen.

51%

Birkenmajer K. , Olsson U.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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1998

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tom Vol. 46, nr 2

109-132

EN

Two well-preserved whale bones, probably belonging to Finnback Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) where collected near remnants of an early 17th century Dutch/English whaling station at Gashamna, Hornsund, south Spitsbergen. They yielded three radiocarbon ages of 620+65 yrs B.P. and 670+75 and 675+80 years B.P. Corrections for the reservoir age of seawater, based on the ages of living marine shells, were applied to obtain a historical age of the bones (A.D):-350 yrs;-400 yrs; and -440 yrs. A result best fitting the age of the Main Whaling Period in Spitsbergen (1610-1640) was obtained with the application of the lowest figures (-350;-400). lt is suggested that the lowest figures (-350) should probably be applied for certain periods to radiocarbon-dated bones of global-range whales, such at the Finnback Whale which during their life repeatedly travel from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back.

20

Application of radiocarbon method for dating of lime mortars

51%

Nawrocka D. , Michniewicz J. , Pawlyta J. , Pazdur A.

Geochronometria

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2005

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tom Vol. 24

109-115

EN

The presented work shows the methodological problems of mortar radiocarbon dating. Dating of lime mortars is based on setting the present 14C concentration of atmospheric CO2 by mortar carbonates in the hardening process. The big difficulty is the presence of aggregate, especially carbonatious one. The application of limestone fragments as aggregate in mortar, is connected with the presence of carbon partially or completely devoid of the radioactive isotope 14C. To carry out radiocarbon dating of the mortars reliably, it was necessary to remove the limestone aggregates. In this context, the application of petrographic studies that enable determination of mineral composition and the percentage of aggregate turns out to be particularly important. Such an identification allows to reconstruct mortar technology and, in combination with geological studies on the investigated terrain, helps to identify the provenance of the applied raw material. To make possible the comparison of the analysed mortar results and the verification of the applied methods, in year 2001 control mortars (mortars with established age) were used. The analyses were performed on mortars from a Romanesque castle built in the years 1177-1230 AD (Wleń, SW part of Poland) and from roman buildings with an approximate age of 140BC-68 AD (west coast of the Dead Sea,). We present the complex study of the mortar including both petrographical analyses and radiocarbon dating. The gas proportional counting technique (GPC) was applied for radiocarbon dating. Thin sections of roman mortars showed the carbonatious character of the binder and a large part of the aggregate; this was the source of the apparent age in radiocarbon dating. In spite of efforts to eliminate the lime aggregate from the mortar (by freezing, warming up, and separating under the binocular), and taking into consideration the amount of old carbon admixture derived from the carbon stable isotopes composition, there is still a great disproportion between historical and radiocarbon dating of these mortars. The results of the 14C dating show, that improvement of the binder-aggregate separation process is necessary. The mortar aggregate from the Polish castle samples does not contain limestone grits, only scarce quartz grains. These Romanesque mortars were tested successfully and the existing architectural and historical data confirm the results obtained by GPC.