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1

Popperův flirt s dogmatismem

100%

Parusniková Z.

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nr 2

179-199

EN

At various occasions Popper states that in order for a theory to show its strength “certain amount” of dogmatism must precede the critical testing phase. He even argues that dogmatism is a necessary precondition of criticism. Th ese are alarming statements, undermining Popper’s methodological imperative of falsifi - cation. Critical rationalism is based on a strict opposition to dogmatism for logical reasons (justifi cation is impossible), for evolutionary reasons (justifi cation blocks the growth of knowledge), and for ideological reasons (dogmatism encourages totalitarianism). Popper cannot provide any objective criterion defi ning the proper dosage of dogmatism and thus opens doors to its uncontrolled expansion. Criticism thus ceases to be the non-negotiable normative principle and the inviolable standard of rationality.

CS

Popper opakovaně tvrdí, že aby teorie mohla rozvinout svůj plný potenciál, musí kritické fázi testování předcházet krátká dogmatická fáze. Někdy zachází Popper ještě dál a uznává dokonce nezbytnost dogmatismu pro rozvinutí kritického myšlení. To jsou znepokojivá tvrzení, která podrývají Popperův metodologický princip falsifi kace. Kritický racionalismus je založen na nesmiřitelném postoji k dogmatismu z logických důvodů (justifi kace je logicky neplatná), z evolučních důvodů (dogmatismus nepřispívá k růstu vědění) i z ideologických důvodů (dogmatismus je typický pro totalitární režimy). Popper není schopen defi novat žádné objektivní měřítko, jak by se měl dogmatismus správně dávkovat, a tak otvírá prostor pro jeho nekontrolovatelné šíření. Kritičnost tak přestává být nekompromisním normativním principem a konstitutivním rysem racionality.

2

Pohled na originální interdisciplinární, dynamickou, herní a dekonstrukčně kritickou teorii řeči

80%

Kocourek R.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2006

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tom 67

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nr 2

103-119

EN

This article presents an interpretation and critical assessment of Jan Kořenský’s recent collection of fifteen theoretical interdisciplinary essays (2004). The essays deal with linguistic as well as epistemological, communicative, semiotic and environmentally ethical questions integrated into a unifying philosophical paradigm. An essential component of this philosophical framework is a linguistic theory based on the primacy of parole, the dynamics of language, the conceptualized metaphor of play, and attracted by procedures of formalization and modelling. The author’s major inspiration is his belief in the critical power of Derridean deconstruction. His profound motivation is a vision of giving existential hope to present-day endangered mankind by constructing a dialectically renewed rationalism and by removing or reducing existing epistemological and linguistic limitations. Special attention is paid to terminology. Key terms of the text are discussed at length and, in addition, separate essays deal with science, function, convention, paradox, vagueness and chaos. Three more specific essays concern sociolinguistic problems of the European Union and the language of a metropolis. The article also includes sections on the author’s vocabulary – its multidisciplinary variety, metaphors, redefinitions and connotations, and on the complexity and readability of the text.

3

Argumentace v jazykové interakci

80%

Kopecký J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2018

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tom 79

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nr 4

322-344

EN

The article aims to introduce the fundamental features of the communicative conception of argumentation based on rhetorical and pragmalinguistic argumentation theories. Argumentation is defined as (linguistic) action grounded in accounting for a controversial position with the purpose of convincing listeners of its acceptability or in order to defend it when it is challenged. The basic form of the argumentation process is described using a three-component model which consists of the argument itself, the justified opinion and the warrant represented by the relationship between the previous components allowing the “plausibility transfer” from the argument to the disputed opinion (cf. Toulmin 2003). The article also deals with the conditions that must be met by convincing arguments, with stable content schemes of argumentation (topoi), and it seeks to answer the question of what the rationality of argumentation is based on, i.e. what the sources of its plausibility are.

4

„Co je rozumné, to se (možná) stane skutečným.“

80%

Voldřichová Beránková E. , Bartha-Kovács K.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2019

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tom 59

90-106

EN

The article proposes a contemporary reflection on Hegel’s famous quote “the real is the rational and the rational is the real” that tradition has often misinterpreted. Inspired by a new reading by JeanFrançois Kervégan (which translates the sentence “the rational will become effective/real and the real/effective will become rational”), the article focuses on one of the possible illustrations of this Hegelian thesis. Émile Zola’s novel The Work consists of a very interesting analysis of the notions of reality, effectiveness and rationality that the author applies to both literature and visual arts. Behind the controversies of Pierre Sandoz and Claude Lantier, it is possible to discern all the debates that opposed Émile Zola to his friend Paul Cézanne.

5

Antigona je mrtvá? Ať žije Isména?

70%

Matějčková T.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2018

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tom 15

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nr 29

87-98

EN

Who is Antigone for modern man? The author takes the Hegelian interpretation as the background against which contemporary readings of Antigone appear. She emphasizes the fact that in the now popular readings, Antigone is — as in Judith Butler’s interpretation — a spokeswoman of the wretched and disadvantaged. Even though Butler retains Antigone’s heroic nature she places it in the service of the disadvantaged. In Mary C. Rawlinson’s reading, her heroic individuality is openly criticized, or this aspect is tempered as in the case of Bonnie Honig’s interpretation. In this context, Ismene’s rehabilitation is especially telling. Stressing Ismene as the true heroin, the authors focus on the openness for compromise and willingness to transform Antigone’s rage into new opportunities. The author takes this to be a confirmation of Hegel’s death of tragedy in modernity. Despite the popularity of Antigone today, the Greek heroin loses its grandiosity and monstrosity. The (post) modern Antigone now appears as a prosaic character fit to inhabit a modernity that shows more understanding for the innocence of the victim than the ambiguity of the hero.