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GROWTH SLOWDOWN ENDANGERS THE ECONOMIC COHESION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

100%

Podkaminer L.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

2016

nr 3

87-101

It is argued that European integration has not fulfilled its chief economic promises. According to official documents and in compliance with post-Keynesian economic interpretation of major long-term trends characterizing the Euro area, the output growth has been increasingly weak and unstable. Productivity growth has been following a decreasing trend. Income inequalities, both within and between the EU Member States, have been rising. This sorry state of affairs is likely to continue – and likely to precipitate further exits, or eventually, the dissolution of the Union. However, this outcome is not unavoidable. A better integration in the EU is possible, at least in theory. Also the negative consequences implicit in the existence of the common currency could be neutralised. However, the basic paradigms of the economic policies to be followed in the EU would have to be radically changed. First, it follows from considerations presented that the unconditional fiscal consolidation provisions still in force would have to be repelled. Second, ‘beggar-thy-neighbour’ (or mercantilist) wage policies would have to be ‘outlawed’.

Reforma czeskiego prawa spółek kapitałowych w kontekście porównawczym

100%

Krawczyk A.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

2015

tom 24

nr 1

57-89

On 1st January 2014 came into force the new Czech Commercial Companies Code, which constitutes one of the main elements of the biggest civil law reform conducted in the modern Czech Republic. It brings not only amendments to already existing legal institutions, but in comparison with the previous law on commercial companies provides for a few thoroughly new concepts. In many facets the new act is commonly considered revolutionary. The author analyzes newly adopted Commercial Companies Code with reference to other European legal systems as well legal regime of the European Union. The paper focuses on Czech capital commercial companies. Parts one and two refer to amendments within the legal regime of (private) limited liability companies, while the third part is dedicated to the joint-stock company. In part one the author analyses lawmaker’s reasons for resigning from higher initial capital and providing for the possibility of forming a company with only 1 CZK registered principal. Part two is devoted to introducing of share documents, securities commonly referred to as stock certificates in (private) limited liability company. In part three the author examines bringing in two alternatives to choose from when it comes to the internal joint-stock company structure: dualistic (previously the only possible) and monistic system. While presenting the changes, the author looks for analogous trends within the European Union as well examines the legal effects of the new laws. In conclusion she tries to prove that polish lawmakers can profit from the newly adopted Czech regulations, especially taking into consideration future amendments of the Polish Commercial Companies Code.