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2 Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2 Vasiljev I.

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Různost jazyků a její interpretace v díle Vladimíra Skaličky: studie z moderních dějin české lingvistiky

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Vasiljev I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2008

tom 69

nr 1-2

99-109

Vladimír Skalička’s contributions to linguistic typology have been widely recognized. This paper tries to capture the significance of the problem of language diversity in its broadest sense for the development of Skalička’s scholarship and for his scientific legacy. The author argues that in a 1947 Czech-language article titled “The problem of language diversity” published in Slovo a slovesnost, Skalička gave in fact a sketch of a blueprint for modern linguistics in which he advocated a holistic approach to the study of language through a balanced texture of the triple aspect of language: its semiotic nature, its diversity and its structure. The least one can say is that Skalička seems to have followed these self-imposed, yet highly stimulating guidelines for the rest of his life. The final part of the paper is an attempt at summarizing Skalička’s contribution to the understanding of the semiotic connection of linguistic typology and the mutual relations between language and mind or language and society. The author concludes that although Skalička did not directly answer or even explicitly ask the question of why languages differ from each other, he nevertheless cleared the way for future attempts at a structural explanation of the origins of language diversity.

Jazyková různost jako konstitutivní rys jazyka

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Vasiljev I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2009

tom 70

nr 1

3-22

The author submits that apart from external factors working towards diversity such as differentiation of languages, there are structural factors inherent to natural languages that generate diversity and which should be considered a constitutive feature of language. In order to facilitate the analysis of language diversity, a comprehensive model of language and communication, called anthropocentric, is proposed. It combines Ogden and Richards’ semiotic triangle and Bühler’s speech model in a basic case of communication between two individuals possessing the same language. Then, at least nine interfaces are identified where humans are presented with a number of equally acceptable alternative solutions for developing their language units, thus inevitably giving rise to diversity. Instances of such alternative solutions are then shown at the various interfaces, starting with ways of building the syllable and the word, then proceeding to the interfaces of lexical and syntactic meaning vs. structure of reality, of signifié and signifiant, of individual signs and the system of language, of langue vs. parole. Finally, it is suggested that the same alternatives that lead to language diversity also enable alternative solutions to specific problems of lexicon and grammar within individual languages, thus giving rise to various styles and supporting language change.