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1
Content available remote Większości konstytucyjne — wybrane problemy
100%
Rulka M. , Wróblewski B.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2019
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nr 6(155)
99-123
EN
Collegial bodies as well as the sovereign make decisions by voting. The adoption of a legal act or the selection of a candidate depends on obtaining a certain majority of votes. The subject of this study is the majority of votes regulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The basic types of majority in force in the Polish Constitution are: simple, absolute and qualified majority. The authors present particular types of majority of votes used in votes of the Sejm, the Senate, the National Assembly and the Constitutional Tribunal, but also in elections and referendums. There are as many as eight types of majority required depending on the kind of decision to be made, which results from calculating the majority based on the statutory number of members, and not the actual number of voters. This is a sure sign that the legislator deliberately determined and differentiated the required majorities.
2
Content available Opinia prawna na temat procedury uchwalania przez Komisję Ustawodawczą opinii dla Marszałka Sejmu w trybie określonym w art. 34 ust. 8 regulaminu Sejmu
100%
Odrowąż-Sypniewski W.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2012
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nr 4(36)
90-95
EN
The article provides an analysis of the procedure for adoption by the Legislative Committee of a resolution containing an opinion referred to in Article 34 paragraph 8 of the Standing Orders of the Sejm. It deals, in particular, with taking a decision whether a quorum is present and an assessment of the consequences of the meaning of the phrase “in the presence of at least half of the number of members of the Committee” for the validity of resolutions adopted by the Committee. The author claims that the said requirement determines the Committee’s capability of making legally binding decisions under Article 34 paragraph 8 of the Standing Orders of the Sejm (the procedure for adoption of a resolution finding a bill inadmissible under Polish law). The notion of “presence” contains all members of the Committee staying at the place where its meeting is held, irrespective of whether they participate in the vote or not. The requirement of presence of at least half of the number of members of the Committee should be referred to the total number of its members elected by the Sejm as it stands at the moment of election.
3
Content available Sposób liczenia kworum niezbędnego do podjęcia uchwały przez Kolegium Najwyższej Izby Kontroli
100%
Gierach E.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2022
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nr 4(76)
75-78
EN
Article 22 of the Act on the Supreme Audit Office sets out the legal conditions for the adoption of resolutions by the Council of the Supreme Audit Office. Pursuant to this provision, the Council of Supreme Audit Office adopts resolutions in the presence of at least half of members of the Council, understood as the number of actual members of the Council of the Supreme Audit Office, at the moment of adopting the resolution.
4
Content available Niekonstytucyjność przepisu określającego minimalną liczbę sędziów Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, których udział jest konieczny przy podejmowaniu przez Trybunał rozstrzygnięć w pełnym składzie
100%
Esmund T.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2023
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nr 2(78)
311-352
EN
he author of the position of the Sejm on the application of the President of the Council of Ministers concerning the assessed provision of the Act on the Organisation and Procedure before the Constitutional Tribunal states that the provision in question is inconsistent primarily with the principle of efficiency and reliability of the operation of public institutions expressed in the Preamble to the Constitution. The challenged provision determines the minimum number of Constitutional Tribunal judges whose participation is necessary when the Tribunal takes decisions in full session. This provision has been challenged by the applicant to the extent that it prevents the Constitutional Tribunal from adjudicating when a minority of the constitutional composition refuses to adjudicate. The statutory establishment of a relatively high, rigid quorum may block the exercise of the constitutional powers of the Polish constitutional court. The provision under review may result in the fact that citizens and state bodies – due to the inability of the Tribunal to meet in full composition – will in fact be deprived of the constitutional guarantee of the Tribunal’s rendering of a judgment in cases in which adjudication by such a composition is required.
5
Content available remote W sprawie dopuszczalności zmiany regulaminu Sejmu w celu zapewnienia możliwości odbywania posiedzeń Sejmu z wykorzystaniem elektronicznych środków porozumiewania się na odległość
100%
Sobolewski P.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2020
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nr 3(158)
208–235
EN
The opinion refers to the legal problem of admissibility of holding remote Sejm sittings. Due to the epidemics of SAR-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-2 disease, the Standing Orders of the Sejm have been amended so as to enable holding Sejm, committee and subcommittee sittings with the use of electronic means of distance communication (Part IIIa of the Standing Orders of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland). New provisions are based on the so-called parallel modes model, which means that Deputies are free to make a choice to participate in the sittings in the debate hall or remotely. Deputies participating in the sitting in the debate hall and De- puties participating remotely have equal rights, particularly as regards taking the oor, submit- ting formal motions and voting. The model of the Sejm’s works included in the Constitution does not preclude such a formula of holding sittings. The requirement of Deputies’ “presence” during voting is ful lled not only in case of their physical presence, but also in case of voting via electronic means of distance communication.
6
Content available remote The Italian referendum evolution in a comparative perspective
88%
Ratto Trabucco F.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2022
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tom 12
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nr 3
211-225
EN
The paper proposes a review on the nature and the role of referendum in representative democracies and it develops a comparative study of the constitutional bases of this tool in Italy. Then, the essay focuses on the effectiveness of the use of the referendum tool on heated debated bioethical and moral issues in the States taken into consideration. Among the different ‘tools of democracy’, direct democracy (i.e. referendums and initiatives) and participative/deliberative democracy are gained increasing popularity. They are increasingly being used address problematic and complex issues that affect the citizenship rights, as well as the status of minorities. Lastly, the future referendum perspectives are attempts to reinvigorate the functioning of the Italian representative institutions through the direct democracy tools with a people’s initiative for a proactive referendum.
7
Content available Ustawowa liczba członków (posłów, senatorów, członków Zgromadzenia Narodowego) w Konstytucji RP z 1997 roku
75%
Rulka M. , Wróblewski B.
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
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2021
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tom 16
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nr 18 (1)
235-264
EN
The subject of this study is the analysis of one of the structural elements of constitutional concepts: the statutory number of deputies, the statutory number of senators and the statutory number of members of the National Assembly. The authors consider, among others, the issue of the legitimacy of calculating the constitutional majority, quorum, as well as the required number of signatures, from the total number of members, instead of the actual number. They separate a temporary and permanent reduction in the number of parliamentarians, analyzing their impact on parliamentary practice. In conclusion, they share the generally accepted interpretation of the concept of the statutory number of members, according to which it is always the composition specified in law, regardless of the actual composition, even in the situation where the law itself sanctions such a reduction, but pointing to the legitimacy of using this concept in constructing some constitutional majority and bypassing it in other cases.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza jednego z konstrukcyjnych elementów konstytucyjnych pojęć: ustawowa liczba posłów, ustawowa liczba senatorów oraz ustawowa liczba członków Zgromadzenia Narodowego. Autorzy zastanawiają się m.in. nad kwestią zasadności obliczania konstytucyjnych większości, kworum, jak również wymaganej liczby podpisów, w stosunku do ogólnej liczby członków danego organu, nie zaś liczby faktycznie obecnych bądź głosujących. Dokonują rozróżnienia na przejściowe oraz trwałe zmniejszenie liczby parlamentarzystów, analizując ich wpływ na praktykę parlamentarną. W konkluzji podzielają powszechnie przyjętą interpretację pojęcia ustawowej liczby członków, według której jest to zawsze skład określony w przepisach prawa, niezależnie od składu faktycznego, nawet w sytuacji, gdy same przepisy prawa sankcjonują takie pomniejszenie, wskazując jednak na zasadności posłużenia się tym pojęciem przy konstruowaniu niektórych konstytucyjnych większości oraz pominięcie go w innych.
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