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EN
Innovations in the assortment of special wood products made by small manufacturers, and not by major manufacturers in terms of quality and environmental credentials, enables them to compete successfully on the market. For the final phase of the production process, these products require a precisely chosen surface finishing treatment. The purpose of wood treatment is to protect a specific adherend against the adverse effects of external influences, as well as mechanical, chemical and biological damage. The requirements for the quality of the surface treatment are dependent on the function and purpose of a particular product. At present, beyond surface characteristics, there are no other evaluation criteria that take into account the diverse morphological characteristics of wood, e.g. reflectance as a result of the surface reaction of wood to the application of different types and layers of coatings. The research presented in this article focuses on determining the most important qualitative criteria with regards to the surface treatment of special wood products (by assessing the morphological characteristics of the wood´s surface by means of an experimental optical laser) during the production process of these products, which are produced by a limited number of small manufacturers, are produced in an environmentally friendly way, and are competitive and sustainable.
EN
The aim of the paper was (1) to compare cluster analysis and factor analysis applied in the classification of variables into quality criteria of spare parts selection for passenger cars and (2) to create a metamodel taking into account the similarities and differences between the results of the carried out analyses. To collect empirical data, a survey questionnaire was used. It was built on the basis of literature overview concerning quality management. Data was processed with the use of multi-dimensional exploratory techniques: cluster analysis and factor analysis. A theoretical implication is a proposed metamodel, which joins the results of both cluster and factor analysis. A practical implication is a possibility of taking an advantage on the obtained results when planning, designing, manufacturing, distributing, selecting and selling spare parts for passenger cars. Paper contribution is the use of exploratory data analysis techniques in the research area and the proposal of the metamodel formalizing quality criteria of spare parts selection for passenger cars. The research showed, that classifications of variables obtained with the use of two multi-dimensional exploitation techniques are different although there are distinct common elements. When using cluster analysis, the following clusters were identified: marketing, economy and utility one (arranged in accordance with the order of linking). While when using factor analysis, the following factors were discovered: utility, marketing, availability and cost factor (arranged in descending way in accordance with the explained variance).
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PL
Dokonano analizy wzajemnego wpływu kryteriów jakościowo-środowiskowych podczas doboru farb przemysłowych mających zastosowanie w technice tampondruku. Analizę zrealizowano w ramach zaproponowanego przekształcenia metody Dematel (decision making trial and evaluation laboratory method). Opracowana metoda pozwoliła zweryfikować wzajemne relacje pomiędzy oczekiwanym poziomem jakości i negatywnym wpływem na środowisko naturalne dla wybranych farb przemysłowych. Na ich podstawie dobrano farbę spełniającą oczekiwania klienta i przyjazną środowisku.
EN
The com. inks used for pad printing were assessed by modified decision-making trial and evaluation lab. method (Dematel) to det. The mutual relations between the expected quality level of the paints and their neg. impact on the natural environment. On the basis, the paint expected by the customer and environmentally friendly was selected.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono kryteria oceny konkurencyjności rynków telekomunikacyjnych. Dokonano ich podziału na kryteria ilościowe i jakościowe. W ramach kryteriów jakościowych wyróżniono kryteria opisujące rynek i przedsiębiorcę. Przedstawiono dobór kryteriów dokonywany przez regulatorów w poszczególnych postępowaniach. Zwrócono uwagę na asymetryczność wykorzystywania kryteriów przez regulatorów.
EN
The article presents evaluation criteria for competitiveness of the telecommunications markets. Criteria are divided into two groups – quantitative and qualitative, the latter including criteria from two different points of view (two different perspectives): market and telecom enterprises. The paper concludes with analysis of competitiveness evaluation criteria as applied by regulatory authorities in proceedings, highlighting asymmetry in the use of different criteria in particular type of proceeding.
EN
The main policy goals undertaken by public authorities, primarily increasingly competitive telecommunication markets, are achieved through various and distinct administrative actions. Ex post public interventions are meant to protect competition by responding to actions that restrict or violate free market competition (proceedings concerning: the abuse of a dominant position and anti-competitive agreements). Ex ante interventions shapes the relationships among market participants in the framework of merger control and pro-competitive sector-specific regulation. The aim of this study is to determine to what an extent economic criteria are used in the assessment of the competitiveness of Polish telecommunication markets by the competition authority and the Telecoms Regulator (respectively, the President of UOKiK, and the President of UKE) in four distinct types of competition related proceedings: merger control, abuse of a dominant position, anti -competitive agreements, and sector-specific regulation. The paper presents the results of an analysis of qualitative and quantitative criteria applied in decisions (and resolutions) issued by both of the authorities in the past eleven years (2003–2013). To this end, 194 publicly available decisions were analysed.
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