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EN
The study was conducted on 36 female Pharaoh quails (3 groups, 12 birds per group). The experiment covered the 7th to the 20th weeks of birds’ lives. The control group (I) received standard feed formulated for adult quails. Groups II and III received standard feed with 4% and 7% of amaranth seeds, respectively. All feeds were isoproteinous and isocaloric. At the age of weeks 20, 12 females were randomly selected from each group and slaughtered. In the isolated breast and leg muscles water-holding capacity, thermal drip, colour, basic chemical composition, fatty acids profile were determined and sensory evaluation performed. Amaranth seed supplementation showed no effect on the basic chemical composition of breast and legs muscles and fatty acids profile. Deterioration in the flavor of cooked quail breast muscle was observed with the higher dosage of the seeds in the diet.Improved muscle tenderness was observed in birds receiving 4% of amaranth seeds in the diet.
EN
The study was carried out in the outskirts of the town of Pécs (southern Hungary) in a recultivated former coal mine. Bordered by Turkey Oak forests, this open area forms a wedge-shaped clearing in that woodland. Since trees and taller shrubs are rare in the area, it is mainly ground nesting bird species that occur in the clearing. In order to discover whether it is more advantageous to nest in the recultivated area (clearing) than in the nearby forest or at its edges, 150 artificial ground nests were constructed. On 7 May 2002, one quail egg and a plasticine egg of similar size were placed in each of the artificial nests. After a week it was found that 24% of nests in the clearing, 30% of those in the forest edge, and 44% of the ones inside the forest had suffered depredation. The proportions of damaged plasticine and quail eggs inside the forest and at the forest edge were similar, whereas the quail eggs in the clearings were significantly less damaged than plasticine eggs. Of all the experimental eggs, significantly more plasticine eggs (29%) were damaged than quail eggs (17%), which suggests that small-bodied predators are unable to break the quail eggs. 18% of the plasticine eggs attacked, and 72% of the quail eggs attacked were removed from the nest by the predator. Among the predators, small mammals were dominant in the clearing and inside the forest, and birds at the forest edge. Based on the predation of quail eggs, the survival chances of ground nests in the clearing are greater than at the forest edge or inside the forest.
PL
Badania prowadzono na części terenu kopalni węgla objętym rekultywacją. Teren ten otoczony jest drzewostanem liściastym, z dominacją dębów, porośnięty jest roślinnością zielną. Badania miały na celu ocenę czy gniazdowanie na terenie poddanym rekultywacji jest bezpieczniejsze niż w otaczającym lesie lub na jego skraju. W każdym z wyróżnionych środowisk: wnętrzu lasu, skraju lasu i na terenie otwartym wyłożono po 50 sztucznych gniazd. Gniazda w każdym transekcie oddalone były od siebie o ok. 20 m, do każdego wyłożono do nich po jednym jaju przepiórczym i jednym wykonanym z plasteliny. Po tygodniu od wyłożenia jaj stwierdzono, że udział gniazd znalezionych przez drapieżniki był podobny w każdym z transektów (Fig. 1). Jednakże rozpatrując wyłącznie drapieżnictwo na wyłożonych jajach przepiórczych, stwierdzono istotnie mniejsze drapieżnictwo na terenie otwartym niż w lesie i na jego skraju (Fig. 1). Ślady pozostawiane na jajach wykonanych z plasteliny sugerują, że głównymi drapieżnikami skraju lasu były ptaki, natomiast na terenie otwartym i w głębi lasu — ssaki (Fig. 2). Analizując wyniki z wszystkich gniazd znacząco więcej jaj plastelinowych nosiło ślady drapieżników (29%), niż zostało zniszczonych jaj przepiórczych (17%), co wskazuje, że drobne ssaki nie są zdolne do przebicia skorupy jaj tej wielkości. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że w przypadku większych ptaków (bażant, lelek), presja drapieżników na lęgi może być mniejsza na terenach otwartych, niż w otaczającym tereny rekultywowane lesie.
EN
Chitosan is the simplest form of chitin, found in carapaces of crabs, prawns, and krill. Due to its chemical and physical properties and biological activity, chitosan is widely applied in, i.a., medicine, animal care, and agriculture. Chitosan effects on poultry health and production have been studied to a limited degree only. The present study was thus aimed at elucidating chitosan effects on the utility and reproduction-related characteristics of quail. The experiment involved the quail aged 5 weeks which were divided into two groups, each consisting of 36 females and 12 males. The birds belonging to Group I (control) were fed a standard feed mix for laying quail, while the feed offered to Group II (experimental) was enriched with 5.2 ml chitosan added to 1.2 kg feed. Compared to the control, the experimental quail showed a lower daily feed consumption, lower number of eggs laid, and a higher feed consumption per egg.
EN
The studies were carried out on 40 female Pharaoh quails. In the fifth week of age, the quails were weighed and randomly assigned to 5 feeding groups. In the group I, control, the females were fed on standard feed formed for adult quail feeding. The experimental groups II and III received the standard mixture with oligosaccharides added, which had been extracted from pea seed, in the quantities and duration, respectively: 0.4 g · kg-1 of mixture for 3 weeks, 0.4 g · kg-1 for the entire period of the experiment, i.e. 4 months. In the groups IV and V, the addition of oligosaccharides was 3 g per kg of feed, with the group IV fed this way for 3 weeks and the group V for 4 months.
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